Suchergebnisse

Currently, immigration issues occupy an important place in the debate on the future of Europe. One of the central themes of this debate is the issue of security. In spite of the functioning of supranational integration structures, individual states still remain a fundamental factor in shaping migration. In many cases, the issue of immigration is subjected to the process of securitization, framing immigration as a threat. It is the speech act that is important in this respect, being a kind of securitizing tool. Since 2015, one can notice elements indicating that the process of securitization of immigration has been present in Poland, too, which, among other things, is a consequence of the change of the ruling party, the immigration crisis that has taken place in Europe, and the migration situation on Poland's eastern border. The article presents the factors that influence the process of immigration securitization. Additionally, it includes numerous statements from Polish politicians securitizing the problem of immigrants as well as the results of social surveys on attitudes towards immigration. The analysis of the collected material leads to the conclusion that the securitisation of immigration in Poland is not a completed process and that this process concerns a geographically defined group of immigrants.

Publikacja recenzowana / Peer-reviewed publication ; Artykuł analizuje wpływ kwestii bezpieczeństwa na rolę współpracy na rzecz rozwoju. Od końca zimnej wojny, rosnącej wielkości oficjalnej pomocy rozwojowej (ODA) towarzyszył wzrost znaczenia interesów bezpieczeństwa państw-dawców pomocy. Współpraca rozwojowa w co raz większym stopniu staje się instrumentem pozwalającym na wyeliminowanie ponadgranicznych źródeł zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego. Na tle teoretycznych rozważań i interpretacji teorii sekurytyzacji, wypracowanej przez badaczy tzw. szkoły kopenhaskiej, analizie poddano wybrane aspekty dyskursu wokół współczesnego spojrzenia na rolę pomocy rozwojowej w konstruowaniu bezpieczeństwa. ; The article analyses the impact of security issues on the role of cooperation for development. Since the end of the Cold War, the growing size of official development assistance (ODA) has been accompanied by an increase in the security interests of donor countries. Development cooperation is increasingly becoming an instrument to eliminate cross-border sources of threats to international security. Against the background of theoretical considerations and interpretations of the theory of securitization, developed by researchers of the so-called The Copenhagen School, the selected aspects of discourse were analysed around a modern look at the role of development assistance in constructing security.

The paper proposes the classification of health security as one of the non-military security dimensions of the second generation, determined more by globalization processes than by the end of the Cold War (first generation). The cognitive goal of the article is to identify and analyse the elements of the structure of international health security such as 1) the essence and specificity of securitization of threats to health security; 2) health security threats; 3) the referent object or whom it concerns; and 4) measures to ensure it. Specific to this dimension is the political motivation for its securitization. In the world of interrelated and global mobilities, what is significant for health security is the diversity of the development level, preferred values, and, consequently, the diversity of sensitivity and susceptibility of national healthcare systems to cross-border threats.

Nowadays, air pollution constitutes one of the most serious threats to human health and life. Poland belongs to the group of countries with the highest level of air pollution in the EU and OECD. The scale of the threat posed by air pollution shows its importance when it comes to the health security of the Polish citizens. However, the ongoing (political and scientific) debate on health security in Poland often ignores the problem of air pollution. The aim of the article is to 1) assess the threat currently posed by air pollution to health security in Poland, 2) locate the threat in the area of health security, and 3) analyse the process of transferring the problem of air pollution from the sphere of politics to the area of security, in accordance with the theory of securitization, developed by the Copenhagen School of Security Studies. Qualitative analysis of documents together with the application of the theory of securitization show that, in Poland, the state has started to play the role of an actor securitizing air pollution as an existential threat. Nevertheless, this process is at an early stage, and its further success depends, inter alia, on decisions and possibilities related to taking extraordinary measures to eliminate the threat posed by air pollution.

This article examines security policy of the European Union in securing democratic order and preventing universal values and individual liberties against major threats, such as terrorism and crime. The analytical concept employed here is governance of internal security of the EU conceived of as a complex set of political activities undertaken by the member states, assisted by EU institutions, bodies and agencies, to secure high level of safety to EU citizens and legal aliens as well as to respect civil liberties and fundamental rights. For the EU's identity as a security community is built on a common perception of threats and risks, EU security governance consists of complex, multitiered, geographically overlapping structures embedded into multilayered security regimes. Security policy is no longer state-centric, no less important is security generated on the societal level. However, the institutionalization of securitization processes, indispensable to accommodate state objectives with civic engagement and responsibility for maintaining democratic order, alters radically the perspective of security making in the face of new threats