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The article explores the issue on the perception of the concept "national security" areas, models and methods of its maintenance by the population. The author uses materials of the sociological survey conducted by the Laboratory of problems of increasing the efficiency of state and municipal management of the South-Russian Institute of Management - branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. The survey was carried out with the participation of leading experts in various aspects of national security, representing 27 Russian higher educational institutions and research centers in Moscow, Astrakhan, Barnaul, Belgorod, Dushanbe, Krasnodar, Nizhny Novgorod, Omsk, Pyatigorsk, Rostov-on-Don, Saint Petersburg, Syktyvkar, Sochi, Ufa. It is noted that as a priority political governance model that implements the basic concept of national security, respondents identified a democratic model. Most respondents believe that a unified security model in the Russian regions is ineffective, and such model should be developed taking into account the specificity of each subject. The study showed that the public's attention to the issue of national security is not sustainable, as determined by situational factors. It is proved that the motives of anxiety formed in the Russian public mind are not sustainable, and situational. Respondents see the economic cooperation more effective incentive to maintain national interests than by force. Estimation of the population of the priority issues of security shows that most respondents appreciate the organization of work to ensure the safety and anti-terrorism security in the sphere of national relations. The findings give grounds to assert that the focus of public attention to the problem of national security does not yet occupy the leading positions. To a greater extent, respondents focused on the issues of public safety, reducing threats and risks in their daily lives. Apparently, despite the external and internal attempts by certain forces to escalate the symptoms of military threats, economic and political instability, the state authorities have managed to maintain a stable situation on the ground and to instill confidence in the stability of the government itself. However, assessments of respondents showing pain points (as discussed above), on which the regional and federal authorities and the public should focus their attention. This should avoid focusing on minor topics objects, eliminate switching public attention on themes and subjects that do not require a real public outcry and do not carry the real threats to the individual, society and state. Thus, the problem of improving the state policy in the sphere of security exists objectively, and its resolution should be ensured not only by the professional power sector, deputies and representatives of the executive power, but also qualified experts from civil society and scientific environment. (author's abstract)

International audience ; Formation of foreign policy of each country is a difficult process with impact of different factors. The article touches upon key processes forming foreign policy of the Republic of Armenia. Interests of regional and global actors in Armenia and foreign policy priorities are analyzed. Concluding it is mentioned that though further enhancement of military, political and economic relations with Russia Armenia will look for new opportunities with the West especially in the humanitarian and economic spheres. ; Формирование внешней политика каждый страны сложный процесс на который влияют многочисленные факторы. В статье представлены ключевые процессы, обуславливающие внеюнюю политику РА. Анализируется интересы региональных и глобальных игроков в Армении и внешнеполитические приоритеты РА. Делается вывод, что несмотря на дальнейшее углубление военно-политических и экономических связей с Россией, Армения продолжит искать форматы взаимодействия с Западом, в первую очередь в гуманитарной и экономической сфере.

Formation of foreign policy of each country is a difficult process with impact of different factors. The article touches upon key processes forming foreign policy of the Republic of Armenia. Interests of regional and global players in Armenia and foreign policy priorities are analyzed. Concluding it is mentioned that though further enhancement of military, political and economic relations with Russia Armenia will look for new cooperation opportunities with the West especially in the humanitarian and economic spheres. ; Формирование внешней политики каждой страны сложный процесс на который влияют многочисленные факторы. В статье представлены ключевые процессы, обуславливающие внешнюю политику РА. Анализируются интересы региональных и глобальных игроков в Армении и внешнеполитические приоритеты РА. Делается вывод, что несмотря на дальнейшее углубление военно-политических и экономических связей с Россией, Армения продолжит искать форматы взаимодействия с Западом, в первую очередь в гуманитарной и экономической сфере.

The article is devoted to the consideration of one of the most urgent European problems of the beginning of the XXI century - ensuring European security. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to identify the prerequisites for the emergence of European and Atlantic approaches to the security of the EU countries. Among the non-state actors in international relations that influence the determination of the predominant vector of EU foreign policy, a special role is given to the German think tanks because they represent the analytical materials that most influence the dynamics of the relationship between European and Atlantic security. ; Статья посвящена рассмотрению одной из наиболее актуальных европейских проблем начала ХХI в. - обеспечению европейской безопасности. Актуальность темы обусловлена необходимостью выявления предпосылок появления европейских и атлантических подходов к безопасности стран ЕС. Среди негосударственных акторов международных отношений, влияющих на определение преобладающего вектора внешней политики ЕС, особая роль уделена аналитическим центрам Германии («thinktanks») в силу того, что именно они представляют аналитические материалы, в наибольшей степени влияющие на динамику соотношения европейской и атлантической безопасности.

The article analyses the EU approach towards pan-European security, the substance that was eroded by the Brussels' activities. The EU policy resulted into degradation the pan-European security architecture. It became a hostage of the trans-Atlantic solidarity. One of the main aims of transforming European economic communities into the EU was to establish itself as a hegemon in Europe and to reorganize the European sphere on its own rules and principles. Political expedience became superior over economic performance in the EU policies. The EU claimed to represent the whole Europe though not all the European states were its members. Due to the EU and NATO activities the OSCE turned into a minor organization unable to address the challenges of pan-European security. The EU policy has led to creation of new conflicts and division lines in Europe. The EU-Russian relations are considered in the context of pan-European security. The mechanisms for dialogue and cooperation in various fields, including security, are broken. The EU is pursuing the policy of pushing Russia out of Europe. The Ukrainian crisis is an artificial product of the EU. The concept of pan-European security needs critical review and rethinking the role of Russia.

The author identifies the trends in national security policies of Poland from 1989 to 2013 and focuses on a new security policy doctrine adopted on April 9, 2013. The doctrine is analyzed in the context of legal and strategic documents that set up Polish national security policies. The author concludes with his recommendations for improving national security system of Russia Federation.Key words: national security, rearmament, integration process, European structures, military doctrine. ; В статье выявлены и обоснованы основные тенденции развития Республики Польша в области национальной безопасности в период с 1989 по 2013 г. Практическая значимость состоит в том, что предлагаются рекомендации по совершенствованию системы национальной безопасности Российской Федерации. Автор исследует особенности доктрины, одобренной 9 апреля 2013 г. через призму предыдущих стратегических документов современной Польши, принятых в период с 1989 по 2013 г.Ключевые слова: национальная безопасность, перевооружение, интеграционные процессы, европейские структуры, военная доктрина.

Viewing global trends and changes that take place in security architecture of Asia-Pacific region, the careful attention is drawn by one of the world largest economic powers, the European Union (EU). The soft power policy of the EU is strongly associated with making economic and financial decisions. However, it is questionable whether the EU has enough potential to influence security policy, especially in such geographically distant regions as Asia and Pacific in which the USA and China are key actors in defence and security. The regional environment and ways of security issues decision-making are analyzed in the paper. The reasons that compound security policy-making for the EU in the region are outlined. Regional treaties and institutions of contemporary security structure are evaluated. The EU potential and major directions of the EU external policies in the region are illustrated. Some opportunities of collaboration in regional security are revealed for the EU and regional middle powers. ; На фоне глобальных процессов и изменений, происходящих в архитектуре безопасности АТР, особое внимание привлекает такой крупный экономический блок, как Европейский союз. Политика «мягкой силы» ЕС прочно ассоциируется с принятием решений в области экономики и финансов, однако имеет ли ЕС потенциал влияния на политику безопасности, особенно в таком удаленном от Европы регионе, как АТР, при участии США и Китая, крупных игроков в сфере обороны и безопасности. В статье анализируется обстановка в регионе и тенденции в решении вопросов обеспечения региональной безопасности. Выявлены причины, осложняющие для Евросоюза реализацию политики безопасности в регионе. Анализируется договорная и институциональная база современной структуры региональной безопасности. Представлен потенциал ЕС и основные направления, по которым ЕС осуществляет внешнеполитическую деятельность в регионе. Оценивается возможность сотрудничества ЕС и средних держав региона по вопросам обеспечения безопасности

The article reveals the relevance of studying information security, as well as examines external and internal threats to ensuring it. The difficulties that occur in this case are analyzed. A positive model of the development of society is associated with this type of security, so it is no coincidence that the most important task is to create a fullfledged theory of information security. Without this, it is impossible to speak about the effective elimination of a number of negative consequences of the process of society informatization. In this context, an extremely important task is to ensure the protection of children from information psychological and destructive threats, including overcoming the Internet and other types of information dependence. Information security theory is an integral part of social security psychology. For its complete design, there is still a lot to be done both in theoretical and applied terms. First of all, the creation of a national information platform is meant. Currently, there is an urgent need to develop competence in the field of information security not only among professionals, but also among various groups of the population.

Раздел "Международное право" ; Статья посвящена рассмотрению недавней совместной инициативы Европейской комиссии и Высокого представителя Европейского союза по внешней политике и политике безопасности по пересмотру Европейской политики соседства с целью более эффективной реализации данной политики и более тесного вовлечения всех стран-партнеров. Автор анализирует структуру коммуникаций между ними, а также рассматривает новые подходы, нацеленные на стабилизацию соседства посредством построения более тесного партнерства через экономическое развитие и торговлю, усиление безопасности в регионе и противодействие международной преступности. На основании результатов данного анализа автором выдвинуты рекомендации по дальнейшему обсуждению в процессе создания нового механизма взаимодействия в рамках Европейской политики соседства между странами-партнерами и ЕС. = The article is devoted to the recent joint initiative of the European Commission and the High Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy to review the European Neighbourhood Policy in order to ensure its more effective implementation and greater involvement of all the partners. The author analyses the structure of the communication and new approaches aimed at stabilizing the neighbourhood, building stronger partnerships through the economic development and trade, strengthening the security of the region and combating the international crime. Based on the result of this analysis some recommendations are made for further consideration in the process of forming a new mechanism of cooperation within the ENP between the partner countries and the EU.

This article reviews the ideas and motives of modern terrorism, discloses the concept of destructive human behavior, the analysis of the socio-cultural situation at the beginning of the XXI century and revealed disturbing factors intensify nationalist and religious terrorism as the most dangerous form of terrorism.

The article covers results of expert evaluation about functions of system of social policy in relation to the old population. We used results of sociological research with deep expert interviews during 2015-2016 in four border regions of Russian Federation (Altay kray, The Trans Baikal kray, Buratiya Republic, and Omsk oblast) (n = 80). In each region, 20 experts participated the research: representatives of legislative and executive bodies, local governments, non-commercial sector and scientific-pedagogic communities. Basing on expert evaluations, we estimated the presence and evidence of demographic crisis and ageing of population in contemporary Russian regions. In conditions of evident ageing, the border regions demonstrate similar tendencies and their reasons. The next stage was the determination of role of different social institutes in realization of social policy in relation to the old people. We conclude about presence of negative attitudes about ageing, active role and condition of the old population in contemporary society of demographic risksIntegration of the aged people into social relations lead to the higher life quality of the old people and could be achieved in a result of target regulation of social policy in the sphere of satisfaction of group and individual needs and resource possibilities of the given social-demographic group and its inclusion of all public sectors into the process. ; Данная статья посвящена рассмотрению особенностей экспертной оценки функциональной нагрузки системы социальной политики в отношении пожилых. В качестве основы для исследования выступают результаты серии глубинных экспертных интервью, проведенных в 2015–2016 гг. в четырех приграничных регионах Российской Федерации (Алтайский край, Забайкальский край, Республика Бурятия, Омская область) (n = 80). В каждом регионе опрошено 20 экспертов: представители органов законодательной, исполнительной власти, органов местного самоуправления, общественных организаций, научной и педагогической общественности. На основе экспертных мнений проведена оценка наличия и выраженности характеристик демографического кризиса и старения населения в современных российских регионах. В условиях выраженного постарения населения приграничные территории демонстрируют схожие тенденции демографического кризиса, их причинную обусловленность. Следующим этапом стало определение роли социальных институтов в реализации социальной политики в отношении пожилых с учетом ранее выявленных особенностей. Выделены ключевые социальные практики, сделан вывод о сохранении негативных установок в отношении старости, активной роли и положения пожилых в современном обществе демографических рисков, что выступает препятствием к эффективной социальной интеграции пожилого населения.

This article provides insight into the initiatives of the President of France Emmanuel Macron in the field of European Union security and defense. France is leading the processes of military convergence of the EU members. The author examines the perspectives of such a convergence and tries to identify both internal and external causes of the French European policy. The author explores Macron's European policy and compares it with the ideology of classical gaullism, laid the foundation for the Fifth Republic led by general Charles de Gaulle. The author characterizes Macron's policies as ―flexible gaullism'' and identifies its main features. The author assesses the perspectives of the initiatives suggested by Macron in the sphere of European security and defense and tries to reveal possible obstacles for the realization of these initiatives. The article also provides an analytical assessment of the current French external European policy, evaluates the political influence of modern France on the European Union Common Security and Defense. The author explores the impact of Brexit on the position of France in EU and studies the role of Paris in PESCO - Permanent Structured Cooperation. The article reveals joint initiatives of France and Germany and the role of Franco-German tandem in the EU Common Security and Defense Policy. © 2020 Institute of Europe Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

The article analyzes the optimization mechanism of agricultural policy and develops the theory of the economic mechanism and agricultural policy. We apply general scientific and special methods of research. The results have the content of the optimization mechanism of agricultural policy, its subject-object and the structural and functional analysis of the factors influencing political decisions. The criteria of optimization of the region's agricultural policy according food security were reasonable. A theoretical model of the optimization mechanism of the region's agrarian policy developed applying of the method of «branch and bound». The results have a practical importance for governors in the development and implementation of the region's agrarian policy. ; Статья посвящена исследованию механизма оптимизации аграрной политики и развивает экономическую теорию хозяйственного механизма и аграрной политики. Использованы общенаучные и специальные методы исследования. Раскрыто содержание механизма оптимизации аграрной политики, проведен его субъектно-объектный и структурно-функциональный анализ, выявлены факторы, влияющие на принятие политических решений. Обоснованы критерии оптимизации аграрной политики региона, направленной на обеспечение продовольственной безопасности. Построена теоретическая модель механизма оптимизации аграрной политики региона с применением метода «ветвей и границ». Полученные результаты имеют практическое значение для органов власти при разработке и реализации аграрной политики региона

Security issues are becoming more and more relevant for the Russian Federation in the context of the development of globalization processes and external pressure on the country. For the sustainable preservation and development of Russian society, economic security is becoming a priority.