Suchergebnisse

Purpose: The objective of this paper is to present the principles underlying the economic transformation in Poland after 1989 according to the President of the Republic of Poland, Lech Wałęsa. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research method applied was analysis and synthesis of materials from the Archives of the President of the Republic of Poland in Warsaw. This approach is located in research in the field of economics, with appropriate references to social issues, and thus is related to the subject matter of security studies. Findings: The empirical results show that the main principles underlying the economic transformation in Poland after 1989 included: the consistency of political and economic reforms, rapid privatisation and reprivatisation, internationalisation of trade, establishment of state institutions to support economic transformation, promotion and protection of the national character of the economy, protective measures for the economically weakest groups. In the process of systemic transformation, little reference was made to the power of national memory. Practical Implications: With the fall of communism in Poland and the political transformation in 1989, an economic transformation was needed – a transition from a centrally controlled economy to a market economy. In the course of political and economic reforms, one of the greatest obstacles in the process of transformation turned out to be the mentality of a society oscillating around a totalitarian system, the inefficacy of legislative processes and the application of foreign, not Polish solutions. Originality/value: Selected unique and unpublished sources were used for this study. These are texts summarising the activities of the President and the circles surrounding the Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland and the President's Political Services Office. ; peer-reviewed

Includes bibliographical references. ; 1. Prospects for security in the Asia-Pacific region 2000-2010 / H.C. Stackpole -- 2. Changing Japanese attitudes toward security / John H. Miller -- 3. International dynamics of the U.S. military budget / Yan Xuetong -- 4. National security policy-making by the CCP: the role of domestic factors / Boris T. Kulik -- 5. Russia's security debate in 2000: superpower vs. great power / Kyong-wook Shim -- 6. Cross-strait security relations: the role of domestic politics in the PRC and Taiwan / Yasuhiro Matsuda -- 7. South Korea's economic reality after the financial crisis and its impact on South-North relations / Yukiko Fukagawa. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"March 2004." ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-102) ; Mode of access: Internet.

"March 2001." ; Not distributed to depository libraries in a physical form. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; 1. Terrorism threat and response: a policy perspective / James M. Smith and William C. Thomas -- 2. The terrorist threat in a strategic context / James M. Smith and William C. Thomas -- 3. The changing nature of terrorism / Stephen Sloan -- 4. WMD terrorism: hype or reality / David A. Kay -- 5. The cyber threat / Gregory J. Rattray -- 6. Domestic preemption / Robert Blitzer -- 7. Combating international terrorism / David Tucker -- 8. Antiterrorism via counterproliferation / James J. Wirtz -- 9. Intelligence / Peter Probst -- 10. The military's response to domestic WMD terrorism / William C. Thomas -- 11. International incident response / Dept. of State -- 12. Organizing to combat 21st century terrorism / Douglas Menarchik -- Epilogue: a terrorism agenda for the United States / Jay Davis. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"November 2000." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; information infrastructure: another perspective / Phillip E. Lacombe -- 12. Daniel T. Kuehl's View of information warfare and the defense of U.S. information systems: another perspective / Richard Marshall -- 13. Combating transnational organized crime / Phil Williams -- 14. Phil Williams' View of criminal organization and drug-trafficking: another perpsective / Thomas V. Fuentes -- 15. Phil Williams' Views on combating international organizaed crime: another perspective / James R. McDonough -- 16. Preparing for war in the fourth dimension: a reality check / David M. Crane -- 17. Terrorism and national defense: the Congressional perspective / William Natter -- 18. New institutions and new ways of operating / Jeffrey A. Hunker. ; 1. Introduction / Carolyn W. Pumphrey -- 2. Overview from law enforcement's perspective / Spike Bowman -- 3. Transnational threats: U.S. military strategy / Daniel S. Roper -- 4. Information and terroristic use of mass weapons: the larger context / Kenneth A. Minihan -- 5. Intelligence problems as they relate to international crime organizations and drug trafficking / William J. Olson -- 6. Transnational threats vis-à-vis law enforcement and military intelligence: lessons on the emerging relationship / Elizabeth Rindskopf-Parker -- 7. Terrorism by weapons of mass destruction: a reassessment of the threat / Bruce Hoffman -- 8. Terrorism and weapons of mass destruction: a review and new paradigm / Jeffrey F. Addicott -- 9. Bruce Hoffman's View of terrorism by weapons of mass destruction: another perspective / Victor Utgoff -- 10. National information infrastructure: the role of the Department of Defense in defending it / Daniel T. Kuehl -- 11. Daniel T. Kuehl's View of DOD's role in defending the national ; Conference co-sponsored by the U.S. Army War College, the Triangle Institute for Security Studies, and the Duke University Center for Law, Ethics and National Security. ; Mode of access: Internet.

At the 2018 OSCE Focus conference, over 40 high-ranking participants from the OSCE community, including Secretary General Thomas Greminger, engaged in open and frank discussion on the organization's current situation. This report summarizes key reflections and recommendations highlighted by the conference's participants, including those on 1) the OSCE's human rights and democracy promotion efforts; 2) the potential and limitations of Structured Dialogue; 3) possible greater engagement with China; 4) assistance in security sector governance and reform (SSG/R); 5) possible OSCE field engagement in the Mediterranean, and more.

The Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) discourse in Kenya reflects the larger Global War on Terror (GWOT) policy framework. Donor-driven governmental approaches support the top-down efforts to counter violent extremism. CVE initiatives now emerging in response to the rise of homegrown violent extremism in Kenya, in contrast, seek to encourage more community participation in the campaign to limit the activities of Al-Shabaab. This article examines existing countering violent extremism (CVE) initiatives in order to elucidate the effectiveness and shortcomings of CVE interventions. The findings are based on an ethnographic study in the coastal region of Kenya comprising of 249 in-depth interviews with key informants, observations and eight focus group discussions. The article maps existing CVE projects across Kenya's coast including the prevention framework of primary, secondary and tertiary interventions as modelled on preventative public health approaches. Assessment of existing CVE programs provides information elucidating what works and for whom from a community perspective. Feedback from the community is critical for, facilitating effective measures for mitigating the process of youth radicalization in the coast region. The findings reported here recommend periodic consultation with the intended beneficiaries and other CVE initiatives' stakeholders to enhance the sustainability of the projects.

"LA-11841-MS ; UC-900." ; "June 1990." ; Mode of access: Internet.

Security is one of the foundations on which a stable and cohesive society is built. It is this security that allows citizens to go about their daily lives with freedom and certainty,affording them the ability to make their own choices as to what they do. Yet it may be argued that security is a concept that is misunderstood and perceived in a myriad of ways by the various stratum of society. Since the tragic events of 9 September 2001, security has become a much used and abused term. Law and legislation have been changed and enacted to protectand control the community. Personal rights and freedoms have been given up, wars have been waged and it may be argued by some, police states have emerged out of democracy in the name and pursuit of security. In this period,the global community has witnessed massive growth of global security organisation and the rise and legitimization of its cousin the global private military company. Yet there is remarkably little consensus as to what security is, what constitutes the security domain and just how much freedom should be traded in a free and democratic culture in pursuit of this nebulous concept that is security. The purpose of this paper is to establish a roadmap for domain exploration which focuses attention on the complex and often contradictory nature of security. Notwithstanding scholarly difference and interpretation of the context of security, and the lack of a singularly acceptable definition of security and ignoring the argument that security is so broad as to lack meaning, the authors will assert that security is a legitimate and necessary construct, with specific concerns.This position is framed within the argument that the alternative of non-security(Manunta, 1998) is not acceptable in the context of a civilised world.This paper is presented in four parts, beginning with a discussion of the domain in general. In the second part the concept of security deviance will be discussed before finally proposing a way forward for domain research and discourse.Then, the structural relations, indicating the depth and embedded nature of security in a modern society, will be presented to articulate the opportunities for security deviance in a modern society.

El artículo reflexiona sobre tres ideas: la pandemia de COVID-19, la seguridad y la movilidad. Si bien la potencial amenaza del coronavirus depende del movimiento (propagación, transmisión, infección), el movimiento y la movilidad son un "punto ciego" en los Estudios Críticos de Seguridad. El artículo propone analizar el nexo pandemia-seguridad a través de la lente de la política de la movilidad y explorar las ventajas analíticas de acercar el Paradigma de las Nuevas Movilidades a los Estudios Críticos de Seguridad. Argumenta que esta lente puede ayudar a explicar cómo intersectan y coproducen mutuamente las (in)movilidades e (in)seguridades asociadas a la pandemia. Además, al abordar el nexo pandemia-seguridad como parte de la política de la movilidad, emergen desafíos relevantes para los enfoques críticos de seguridad como explicar la dimensión discursiva en relación a otras como el movimiento y la experiencia; la acción de agencias humanas y no humanas; y las diferentes localizaciones del poder en sentido "multi-lugar" ; The article is focused on three ideas: the COVID-19 pandemic, security and mobility. While the coronavirus is a potential security threat due to its movement (transmission, infection), both movement and mobility are a "blind spot" in Critical Security Studies. The purpose of this article is to analyse the pandemic-security nexus through the lens of the politics of mobility and explore the analytical benefits of bringing the Paradigm of the New Mobilities closer to Critical Security Studies. The article argues that this lens can help explain how (in)mobilities and (in)securities intersect and co-produce with each other. Moreover, in addressing the pandemic-security nexus within the politics of mobility, relevant challenges arise for Critical Security Studies such as explaining the discursive dimension in relation to others such as movement and experience; the action of human and nonhuman agencies; and the different locations of power as "multi-sited" ; O artigo reflete sobre três ideias: a pandemia de COVID-19, segurança e mobilidade. Embora a ameaça potencial do coronavírus dependa de movimento (disseminação, transmissão, infeção), movimento e mobilidade são um "ponto cego" nos Estudos Críticos de Segurança. O artigo propõe analisar o nexo entre pandemia e segurança através das lentes da política de mobilidade e explorar as vantagens analíticas de aproximar o Novo Paradigma da Mobilidade dos Estudos Críticos de Segurança. Argumenta-se que essa lente pode ajudar a explicar como as (i)mobilidades e as (in)seguranças associadas à pandemia se interpenetram e se coproduzem. Além disso, ao abordar o nexo de pandemia e segurança como parte da política de mobilidade, emergem desafios relevantes para problemas críticos de segurança, como explicar a dimensão discursiva em relação a outras, como o movimento e a experiência; a ação de agências humanas e não humanas; e as diferentes localizações do poder em um sentido "multi-lugar"

Security in Latin America has traditionally been addressed from a state-centric and notable realistic perspective, underlining the threats to the state, from an external actor or from internal destabilization. This paper aims to highlight the suitability of incorporating Feminist Security Studies and Care Ethics in security analysis in order to redefine threats and what "feeling safe" implies, especially in the scenario generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, the gaps and silences in mainstream theories in the diagnoses on the worsening of the security challenges in the first semester of the pandemic are evidenced. Also, the nuances and perceptions of security included in the Care Ethics approach are highlighted. It is concluded that the conceptual broadening that the Care Ethics approach entails is relevant to analyze —academically and politically— the security threats in Latin America. ; La seguridad en Latinoamérica ha sido abordada tradicionalmente desde una visión estatocéntrica y marcadamente realista, destacando las amenazas que sufre el Estado frente a un actor externo o frente a desestabilizaciones internas. Este artículo busca resaltar la idoneidad de introducir los estudios feministas de seguridad y la ética del cuidado en los análisis de seguridad, en aras de redefinir las amenazas y qué implica "sentirse seguro", máxime en el escenario generado por la pandemia de la COVID-19. Para ello, se evidencian las lagunas y los silencios de las teorías dominantes a la hora de entender el agravamiento de los desafíos a la seguridad en los primeros seis meses de pandemia y cómo desde la ética del cuidado sí se incorporan esos matices y percepciones de seguridad. Se concluye que la ética del cuidado conlleva un ensanchamiento conceptual a la hora de analizar —académica y políticamente— las amenazas a la seguridad en Latinoamérica. Abstract Security in Latin America has traditionally been addressed from a state-centric and notable realistic perspective, underlining the threats to the state, from an external actor or from internal destabilization. This paper aims to highlight the suitability of incorporating Feminist Security Studies and Care Ethics in security analysis in order to redefine threats and what "feeling safe" implies, especially in the scenario generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, the gaps and silences in mainstream theories in the diagnoses on the worsening of the security challenges in the first semester of the pandemic are evidenced. Also, the nuances and perceptions of security included in the Care Ethics approach are highlighted. It is concluded that the conceptual broadening that the Care Ethics approach entails is relevant to analyze —academically and politically— the security threats in Latin America. ; Este artigo sublinha a necessidade e adequação de realizar uma análise dos principais desafios e ameaças quotidianas à segurança na América Latina exacerbadas pela atual pandemia como um olhar mais amplo, complexo e interseccional do aquele oferecido pelas abordagens tradicionais e estadocêntricas. Para este propósito, se apresentam as contribuições dos estudos feministas sobre segurança e se propõe a ética do cuidado como aproximação teórica —e política— para enfrentar esses desafios à segurança, que enfatiza a dimensão de agência daqueles considerados "vulneráveis" e que questiona que os problemas estruturais sejam uma espécie de "maldição" inapelável. Esta agenda de pesquisa procura evitar os "silêncios de gênero" a fim de abordar e definir a segurança na região a partir de uma matriz mais abrangente, igualitária e, portanto, mais pró-ativa na tomada de decisões face às ameaças.

This article explores the governing logics and political implications of citizen security in Puebla, Mexico, specifically, the Programa Nacional de Prevención del Delito (National Program for the Prevention of Crime, PRONAPRED). Taking a biopolitical perspective, the article centers on how citizens are produced through the application of citizen security initiatives. This production operates at two levels: the regulation of populations and the molding of subjects. First, vital statistics and risk-related variables highlight those populations that exceed the median for risk. Second, those at-risk groups are targeted for training to reduce their susceptibility to violence. Training focuses on the individual, asking citizens to identify and minimize risk in a manner that emanates from and contributes to security governance. The political ontology of citizen security is this citizen/citizenry coincident with official measures. The democratic aspirations of citizen security are consequently muted, as security governance locates citizens within the confines of state power and, at the same time, holds them separate from this power to produce citizen existence. ResumenEste articulo explora las lógicas gobernantes y las implicaciones políticas de la seguridad ciudadana en Puebla, México. Analizado en relación a la Programa Nacional de Prevención del Delito (PRONAPRED), el articulo pregunta: ¿quién es el ciudadano de la seguridad ciudadana? Examinado desde una perspectiva de la biopolítica, el enfoque se centra en cómo los ciudadanos son producidos por medio de la aplicación de iniciativas de la seguridad ciudadana. Esta producción opera a dos niveles: la regulación de poblaciones y el moldeo de sujetos. En primer lugar, la población es interpretada por las estadísticas vitales y las variables de riesgo para mostrar las poblaciones que exceden el promedio. En segundo lugar, y en base de eso, los grupos riesgosos son el objeto de entrenamiento para reducir su susceptibilidad a la violencia. El entrenamiento se centra en los sujetos individuales, pidiendo a los ciudadanos a identificar y minimizar el riesgo en una manera que emerge de y contribuye a la gobernanza de seguridad. La fundación ontológica de la seguridad ciudadana es esta ciudadano/ciudadanía consistente con las racionalidades oficiales. Las aspiraciones democráticas de la seguridad ciudadana consecuentemente son reducidos, dado que la gobernanza de seguridad ubica a los ciudadanos dentro de los límites del poder estatal, y al mismo tiempo, los mantiene separados de ese poder para reproducir la existencia ciudadana.

On first glance the politicization and securitization of religion may seem remote from education. A second look reveals widespread international initiatives aimed at the uses of education precisely for political and security purposes, notably in the countering of terrorism, violent extremism and ideologies opposed to liberal democratic values. This editorial presents a critical framing on how scholars from a range of interrelated disciplines analyze the interface of religion, education and security. The purpose of this Special Issue is thus critically to engage scholars across religious studies and theology, politics and international relations, security and intelligence studies, to explore through empirical evidence and reasoned argument the role here for religion in education. The volume aims to make some ground-breaking cross-disciplinary theoretical advances and methodological innovations not simply to further debate but to provide the tools for asking new questions and opening new pathways and frameworks for exploring the critical interface of religion, education and security.

For almost a decade and a half the European Union has been steadily developing as a global security actor, attempting to unify disparate national security polices into a more coherent, European security policy. The progress of European Security Integration (ESI) is the subject of this thesis, and has been examined in terms of three critical elements. By studying an EU-level defense institution, several individual member states, and an EU-led crisis management operation, a more comprehensive sense of the process could be obtained. The European Defence Agency is analyzed in Chapter 2, followed by the states Denmark, Sweden, and Finland in Chapter 3, and finally the EU Training Mission in Mali is examined in Chapter 4. Several propositions have been crafted to ascertain the success of ESI in general and within each element in particular, and so were tested both within and across chapters. Overall, although individual states retain a great deal of influence in the advancement of ESI, it appears that ESI is being successfully accepted and implemented, though largely in a limited manner as of yet.

This essay adopts a sociological approach to security. It develops an international political sociology of securitypractices, subsuming elements from constructivist approaches to security, such as the Aberystwyth, Copenhagen, andParis approaches (Wæver 2004; c.a.s.e. collective 2006; Bigo 2008). Following the path of a collective intellectual,discussing in an interdisciplinary way security, liberty, migration, and development, this essay has been written by acollective group of five authors. This collective is part of a larger collective group, called the c.a.s.e. collective, whichhas already published a long manifesto providing a critique of traditional approaches to security, exclusively groundedin international relations and political science. We will not repeat here the different arguments against the Realist,Liberal, and English Schools of security studies as we prefer to build a new space for thought and discussion whichtakes what practices of security are and what they do seriously. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published