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Drawing on the literatures on democratization, security studies, and small states this dissertation explores the relationship of small states' domestic and international institutionalization and their security. Small states have limited power not only to affect their environment but also to guarantee national security. Small states, it is hypothesized, enhance their security through the consolidation of domestic institutions and the accumulation of capacities provided by their participation in capacity-reach international institutions. The dissertation tests the hypothesis by applying the comparative method to the post-communist states of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, and Lithuania. The three case studies analyze the effects of domestic institution-building and integration in international institutions on the security of each state. The study analyzes the policies that the three states applied in the last ten years after the collapse of communism, which led to a profound transformation of their national security. The most important finding of this dissertation is that the security of each of the states was determined not only by external factors, traditionally identified by realist approaches, but also by domestic factors. States that were able to quickly consolidate their political institutions were able to achieve not only a greater degree of integration in international institutions but also a greater level of security. Hence, states' attempts to enhance their security should not only seek formal alliances and integration in powerful international institutions but also a domestic institutional strength that would enable the state to achieve a further international integration and a greater capacity to address what the population perceives as security threats, both domestic and external. Thus, the security of small states is best achieved not only by attaining traditional security guarantees, i.e. alliances, but also by strengthening domestic institutions.

"PCN 55422"--P. [4] of cover. ; "April 2005." ; Shipping list no.: 2006-0023-P. ; "With the cooperation and support of the Institute for National Security Studies (INSS) USAF Academy, Colorado Springs." ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-181) and index. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Examines the formulation and implementation of national security policy, and considers ways to achieve a more effective organization among the several branches and agencies of the Government involved with national security policy. ; Title varies: [volume 2] Organizing for national security: studies and background materials. [volume 3] Organizing for national security: staff reports and recommendations. ; Record is based on bibliographic data in CIS US Congressional Committee Hearings Index. Reuse except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; Indexed in CIS US Congressional Committee Hearings Index Part VII ; Examines the formulation and implementation of national security policy, and considers ways to achieve a more effective organization among the several branches and agencies of the Government involved with national security policy. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Sensing In/Security is a book project that investigates how sensors and sensing practices enact regimes of security and insecurity. It extends long standing concerns with infrastructuring and emergent modes of surveillance and securitization by investigating how digitally networked sensors shape practices of securitization. Contributions in this volume engage with the ways in which sensing devices gain political and epistemic relevance in various forms of security, from border security and migration control to drone regulation, epidemiological tracking, aerial surveillance and hacking practices. Using infrastructure and infrastructuring as a conceptual lens, these studies explore the conditions of possibility of sensing threats and in/security, rendering multiple worlds tangible and (sometimes even more importantly) intangible. Instead of solely focusing on the specific sensory devices and their consequences, this collection engages with the emergence of sensor infrastructures and networks and the shaping of such 'macro entities' as international organizations, states and the European Union. ; Full book (open access) will be published by Mattering Press (2021)

This book employs various theories of contemporary security studies to explore some of the most important and most common security issues in Central Europe at this time. Individual chapters of the book adhere mainly to European branches of critical and constructivist security studies, through which they look at some of the salient topics of Central European security politics.The distinction between internal and external security issues is employed throughout the book for analytical purposes. ; Tato kniha zkoumá za pomoci teorií současných bezpečnostních studií některé z nejdůležitějších bezpečnostních problémů dnešní střední Evropy. Jednotlivé její kapitoly vycházejí především z různých evropských kritických a konstruktivistických přístupů ke studiu bezpečnosti, které jsou následně aplikovány na charakteristická témata středoevropské bezpečnosti. Pro analytické účely kniha rozlišuje mezi vnitřními a vnějšími bezpečnostními tématy.

This paper examines security in Syria through the conceptual lens of the security gap, understood as the gap between security practices and objectives which have implications for individual and collective security. Practices of security can be the state apparatus, the military, and militias. The objective – safety – can refer to the safety or security of a range of collectives including the state, political parties, and ethnic groups, while individual security refers to the general safety of inhabitants and the protection of human rights. This paper compares the security situation in so-called 'rebel-held' areas of Syria where alternative governance structures have emerged, examining the security approaches of Local Administrative Councils and Rebel Councils in Deir Azzor, Manbij, Dera, and areas dominated by the Kurdish Democratic Union Party (PYD). It argues that security and safety are strongly influenced by authority formation and the nature of deals and relationships involved in the formation of these nascent authorities. It also argues that security in these areas is strongly influenced by the Syrian government, which disrupts collectives that threaten its own collective security while giving limited support to those which serve its agenda of retaining power. It also demonstrates the limited utility of the 'regime' vs. 'rebel-held' dichotomy, as rebel groups at times must accommodate the Syrian state in limited ways for instrumental purposes. The article is based on fieldwork conducted in Turkey in 2013–2014, interviews conducted in 2015, and secondary sources based on field research.

In the last decade, cyber incidents have become more expensive, more disruptive, and in many cases more political, with a new body of theoretically informed research emerging in parallel. This article provides the intellectual history to situate this literature in its broader evolutionary context. After identifying and discussing six drivers from the fields of technology, politics, and science that have been influential in the evolution of cyber security politics and how it is studied, the authors describe three historically contingent clusters of research. Using the same driving factors to look into the future of research on cyber security politics, they conclude that it is a vibrant and diverse biotope that is benefitting from its interdisciplinarity, its relevance for policy, and its cognizance of the interplay between technological possibilities and political choices of state actors. ; Im vergangenen Jahrzehnt wurden Cyberzwischenfälle kostspieliger, disruptiver und in vielen Fällen politischer. Dies führte dazu, dass solche Zwischenfälle das Interesse von Entscheidungsträgern und der Wissenschaft gleichermassen auf sich zogen. Dieser Artikel leitet eine Spezialausgabe der Zeitschrift Contemporary Security Policy zum Thema Cybersicherheitspolitik ein. Er bietet einen historischen Überblick darüber, wie sich dieses Politikfeld und die akademische Literatur dazu entwickelt haben. Gemäss den Autoren wurden sowohl die Politik als auch die Forschung im Bereich Cybersicherheit durch technologische Möglichkeiten, politische Entscheidungen und wissenschaftliche Praktiken geprägt. Nachdem die Autoren empirische Trends und thematische Cluster in der akademischen Literatur identifiziert haben, diskutieren sie, wohin sich die Cybersicherheitspolitik in Zukunft bewegen wird. Sie betonen, dass Cybersicherheit an Relevanz zunehmen wird, zumal immer mehr essentielle, öffentliche Dienstleistungen auf einen ununterbrochenen Betrieb digitaler Technologien angewiesen sind. Zudem wird künstliche Intelligenz ein zentrales Element der Cybersicherheit werden und tiefgreifende Auswirkungen auf Cyberoperationen haben. ; ISSN:1352-3260 ; ISSN:1743-8764

In international relations, international security combines that set of international relations that ensures global stability. In other words, international security is a state in which states are not threatened by war or by any breach of their sovereignty or independent development by other states. In accordance with the UN Charter, the Security Council currently has the main task of ensuring world peace, also having the sole right to impose sanctions against aggressors. The idea of international security, its realization in practice is determined by historical, economic, political, social conditions, as well as other factors. The problem of international security arose with the formation of the state institution, being always close to the problem of war and peace. Over time, there has been a change in the ability to analyze and report security issues. Along with these, both the policies and the security strategies of contemporary societies have undergone a process of metamorphosis.

The Routledge Handbook of Defence Studies provides a comprehensive collection of essays on contemporary defence studies by leading international scholars. This new Handbook offers a complete landscape of this area of study and contributes to a review of defence studies in terms of policy, security, and war, but also looks forward to new challenges to existing conceptions of defence and how this is changing as states and their militaries also change. The volume is divided into four thematic sections: Defence as Policy; Defence Practice; Operations and Tactics; and Contemporary Defence Issues. This volume also offers an in-depth look into how defence issues can be examined and compared in a contemporary setting. This Handbook will be of great interest to students of defence studies, strategic studies, war studies, security studies and IR.

The contemporary debate in democracies routinely describes online information threats such as misinformation, disinformation and deception as security-issues in need of urgent attention. Despite this pervasive discourse, policymakers often appear incapable of articulating what security means in this context. Turning to EU policy and previous research on cybersecurity, this dissertation empirically unpacks, critically interrogates and theoretically rethinks the meaning of security in relation to online information threats. In so doing, the articles elucidate a new 'referent object' implicitly guiding securitization. Contemporary interventions can be seen as grounded in assumptions about the protection of human judgement. Using Hannah Arendt's writings on 'political judgement' as a point of reference for critically evaluating contemporary policy, the dissertation points to several problems with existing approaches to security in a democratic context where free debate constitutes a legitimizing element of political authority. The rethinking of security departs from this problematic and shows that treating human judgement as a 'referent object' – if firmly grounded in the interplay between independent human communicating subjects – can better address some problematic questions about legitimate authority and political community currently haunting security interventions in cyberspace. ; At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript.

Summarizes presentations given at a conference convened by the U.S. Army War College and the Georgetown University Center for Peace and Security Studies. ; "December 2000." ; Summarizes presentations given at a conference convened by the U.S. Army War College and the Georgetown University Center for Peace and Security Studies. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The emergence of coronavirus at the end of 2019 caused the world to fall into a global pandemic. It cannot be denied that the phenomenon of the Covid-19 pandemic caused a downturn in the global economy. The threat of the Covid-19 pandemic has endangered social aspects and has also destabilized the political and economic life of all countries. Covid-19 has an impact on human security around the world. The concept of human security essentially emphasizes human freedom from fear. Through the concept of human security, this article seeks to explain how people are classified as vulnerable objects. Their lives could be threatened by Covid-19. The author uses a qualitative methodology with case study techniques to address this issue. The analysis in this article shows that poor, undernourished people who do not have access to sanitation and health services live in densely populated areas and people with comorbidities are particularly vulnerable to exposure to Covid-19. The conclusion of this research is that the government needs to give priority to these vulnerable communities. They are the entities that need to be protected from the threat posed by Covid-19.AbstrakMunculnya virus corona di penghujung tahun 2019 menyebabkan dunia terjerumus ke dalam pandemi global. Tak bisa dipungkiri, fenomena pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan perlambatan ekonomi global. Ancaman pandemi Covid-19 telah membahayakan aspek sosial dan juga mengguncang kehidupan politik dan ekonomi semua negara. Covid-19 berdampak pada keamanan manusia di seluruh dunia. Konsep keamanan manusia pada dasarnya menekankan kebebasan manusia dari rasa takut. Melalui konsep human security, artikel ini berusaha menjelaskan bagaimana manusia diklasifikasikan sebagai objek yang rentan. Hidup mereka bisa terancam oleh Covid-19. Penulis menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan teknik studi kasus untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Analisis dalam artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa orang miskin dan kurang gizi yang tidak memiliki akses ke sanitasi dan layanan kesehatan tinggal di daerah padat penduduk dan orang dengan penyakit penyerta sangat rentan terhadap paparan Covid-19. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pemerintah perlu memberikan prioritas kepada masyarakat rentan tersebut. Mereka adalah entitas yang perlu dilindungi oleh pemerintah dari ancaman Covid-19.

KCIS2019 examined the implications of the changing international order for international security. It studied the hypercompetitive, multipolar environment in which we find ourselves, marked by a persistent struggle for influence and position within a "grey zone" of competition. This edited collection features contributions from academic and military experts who have examined the future of the liberal international order and what is at stake. These evidence-based examinations discuss the challenges to the order, and why it has been so difficult to articulate a compelling narrative to support the continuation of American leadership. ; https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1922/thumbnail.jpg

The aim of this article is to explain the relation between human security and media studies when looking at the problem of security in Indonesia, a country experiencing a process of democratization. In media studies, the problem of human security often only emphasizes discourse and event analysis, without relating it with the human security problem. Connecting human security and media is very important because media has a very important role in constructing the public and State's opinion. This article analyses news, as reported in the media, then gives context about the State and problems related to human security. It is concluded that media is highly influential in studying human security because of its numerous economic, political and cultural interests.

This paper examines the implications of Hong Kong's reunification with China oncross-strait relationship between mainland China and Taiwan. It begins with adiscussion of the international security situation in the region and the increasingimportance of the People's Republic of China on regional security. The paper thenaddresses the political and economic consequences of the sovereignty change overHong Kong on regional security, identifying the added strength to China on the onehand, and the Special Administrative Region's moderating influences on the other.Finally, it evaluates possible changes of the Beijing government's Taiwan policy. Inconclusion, the paper argues that China's reunion with Hong Kong may have farreaching implications for regional security by enhancing China's national power aswell as injecting an element of uncertainty in cross-strait relations. However, domesticdevelopments and a more favourable international environment would facilitate theeventual resolution of the Taiwan question peacefully.