Suchergebnisse

Продовольствие представляет собой жизненно необходимый элемент функционирования общества. Без продовольствия, человек, как биологический вид, просто не сможет существовать. Обеспечение продовольственной безопасности страны – одно из приоритетных направлений государственной экономической политики, важнейший фактор экономической безопасности нации, одна из главных задач органов государственного управления. В статье проанализирована понятийная регламентация термина «продовольственная безопасность». Продовольственная безопасность является важным составным элементом системы безопасности нашего государства. Посредством обеспечения продовольственной безопасности России обеспечивается неприкосновенность государства, ее суверенитет, поддерживается демографическая ситуация, социально-экономическое обеспечение населения, формируются необходимые и достаточные условия для поддержания здоровья, качества жизни граждан РФ. В рамках статьи рассмотрены основные направления обеспечения продовольственной безопасности РФ и их реализация. ; Food is a vital element of the functioning of society. Without food, humans, as a species, simply cannot exist. Ensuring food security of the country is one of the priority directions of state economic policy, the most important factor in the economic security of the nation, one of the main tasks of governmental bodies. The article analyzes the conceptual regulation of the term "food security". Food security is an important component of the security system of Russia. By ensuring the food security, the inviolability of the state and its sovereignty are ensured, the demographic situation, the socio-economic provisions of the population are maintained, the necessary and sufficient conditions are formed to maintain the health and quality of life of citizens of the Russian Federation. Within the framework of the article, the main directions of ensuring the food security of the Russian Federation and their implementation are considered.

The article deals with the nature and the meaning of such category as "legal security",defines its place and role in the system of national security. Due to its peculiarities as a legalphenomenon, it occupies the central place in the system of national security ensuringsecurity of all types of public security. Analyzing the current legislation and presented inliterature points of view, the author concludes on insufficient research of the category ofnational security: its characteristics and types are not studied, its place in the system of nationalsecurity is not determined. Based on the analysis of the importance and prevalence ofthe right to security, as a phenomenon and as a category defining activity of the right, theauthor proposes to consider security as a legal principle, as one of the basic principles oflaw, and as the right to security from the viewpoint of individuals. ; В статье рассматриваются сущность и содержание категории «правовая безо-пасность», определяются ее место и роль в системе национальной безопасности.Показано, что в силу своих особенностей как правового явления, она занимает цен-тральное место в системе национальной безопасности, обеспечивая эффективностьвсех иных видов общественной безопасности. Анализируя действующее законода-тельство и представленные в научной литературе точки зрения, автор приходит квыводу о недостаточном исследовании категории национальной безопасности вюридической науке: не исследованы ее особенности и виды, не определено ее местов системе национальной безопасности. Учитывая значимость и распространенностьв праве безопасности как явления, как категории, определяющей направление дея-тельности права, автор предлагает рассматривать безопасность как правовой прин-цип, как одно из основных начал функционирования права, а также с позиций правчеловека – как право на безопасность.

The Azerbaijan-Russia borderline mainly goes by the Caucasian mountain range and close to the Samur riverbed. Main border posts are situated close to the Caspian seashore while the locals living in the Upper Dagestan area have difficulties with crossing borderline. The locals are represented by the so called "divided peoples" whose living area was divided with the state border after 1991. The former inner borders ignored ethnic areas but now they became the lines crossing the ethnic groups of Legins, Avars, Tzakhurs and Rutuls. Certainly, those peoples are interested in specific rules for crossing the border. At the same time, their areas have not got the equipped border offices and they have to spend a lot of time and money for travelling to the neighboring districts via Baku or Vladikavkaz. Such problems arouse the radical demands among locals. The Lezgin movement for an independent Lezgistan is the most famous among them. Its supporters were involved in a terrorist attack in Baku in 1990-s and now they collect files about any problems connected with border issues, including the results of a demarcation process. They attract attention to the facts of all assignments made by Russian representatives. The activity of other ethnic groups was comparatively lower and they could make an agreement with local authorities about division of powers. Obviously, any solution about development of the border infrastructure may stabilize the separatism activity in the area.

The author determines the key challenges and threats to cross-border security at Azerbaijan-Russia borderline on the basis of analysis of Federal and regional media, declarations made by representatives of the local and borderline authorities, as well as online activities of national movements. The author reveals the infrastructure factors of ensuring cross-border activity, social and economic conditions of borderline districts development. The suggestion is made on the need to develop infrastructure borderline objects for complex development of the crossborder area that will allow preventing separatism.

Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме определения процессов, связанных с энергетическими аспектами в международных отношениях (в том числе и на региональных уровнях). Отмечено, что наиболее остро энергетические отношения между государствами проявляются в международных энергетических конфликтах (МЭК). Особенностью структуры которых является то, что в качестве одного из вероятностных элементов в составе каждой противоборствующей стороны находиться жертва, которая возникает либо в ходе конфликта, либо вне конфликта, и может стать причиной или поводом для его начала. Из анализа структуры МЭК сделаны соответствующие выводы.

Quite often in many areas of human activity, there are tasks of studying the situation, having a large number of various qualities, any of which has the ability to be important for the properties of this system. Information about this system, as a rule, can be presented in the form of an array of descriptions of the qualities of selected research units, referred to as the term "object" autonomously from their nature. The qualities of objects are operationalized with the support of measurement procedures when an object is put in relation to some sense, degree, the gradation of the symptom that carries this property. Thus, we obtain data–marked results of the measurement of symptoms expressing the quality of the array of objects under consideration. When using formal methods of data restructuring, virtually no other information about objects and their properties is taken into account. But, of course, a meaningful test of the results of measurements is quite important, because not every time in advance it is clear what qualities, or their expressing symptoms can be integrated into the study.

The article analyses the EU approach towards pan-European security, the substance that was eroded by the Brussels' activities. The EU policy resulted into degradation the pan-European security architecture. It became a hostage of the trans-Atlantic solidarity. One of the main aims of transforming European economic communities into the EU was to establish itself as a hegemon in Europe and to reorganize the European sphere on its own rules and principles. Political expedience became superior over economic performance in the EU policies. The EU claimed to represent the whole Europe though not all the European states were its members. Due to the EU and NATO activities the OSCE turned into a minor organization unable to address the challenges of pan-European security. The EU policy has led to creation of new conflicts and division lines in Europe. The EU-Russian relations are considered in the context of pan-European security. The mechanisms for dialogue and cooperation in various fields, including security, are broken. The EU is pursuing the policy of pushing Russia out of Europe. The Ukrainian crisis is an artificial product of the EU. The concept of pan-European security needs critical review and rethinking the role of Russia.

Учебное пособие содержит основу лекционного курса по дисциплине «Особенности социальной защиты населения в Омском регионе» для студентов специальности «Социальная работа», контрольные вопросы и библиографический список к каждой теме.

The obvious complexity of the research indicators of socio-economic security is the development of accurate criteria and threshold levels of security processes. Ensuring socio-economic security is implemented in the system of criteria and indicators. Thus, under the criterion of socio-economic security the paper proposes to understand assessment of the situation from the point of view of the most important processes that reflect the nature of socio-economic security. Criterion safety assessment includes the evaluation: the resource potential and possibilities of development; the level of efficiency of use of resources, capital and labor and its conformity with the level in developed countries, as well as the level at which threats to internal and external problems are minimized; the competitiveness of the economy; the integrity of the territory and economic space; the sovereignty, independence and ability to confront external threats; social stability and conditions for preventing and resolving social conflicts. In most cases, in the system of indicators of socio-economic security should be distinguished: the level and quality of life; rates of inflation; the rate of unemployment; economic growth; budget deficit; public debt; embeddedness in the world economy; the status of reserves; the activity of the shadow economy.

The paradox of financial and economic reality lies in the fact that it coexists and phenomena of financial evolution, and processes of conventional (non-transient) type. On the one hand, the economy is changing technologies, goods, organizations and structures. In this sense, it is evolutionary. On the other hand, the acts of these shifts do not exhaust the essence of financial and economic functioning. The huge role is played by the moments of the economic strength of financial entities, coordination of costs and results, demand and supply, anti-crisis formation. The study of these moments is the prerogative of classical science. This means that science as a whole is not able to refute the classical approaches and absolutize fresh, non-traditional views (synergetic, evolutionary) on the concept or Vice versa. The synthesis of classical and fresh non-standard financial and economic doctrines is necessary.

The article reveals the relevance of studying information security, as well as examines external and internal threats to ensuring it. The difficulties that occur in this case are analyzed. A positive model of the development of society is associated with this type of security, so it is no coincidence that the most important task is to create a fullfledged theory of information security. Without this, it is impossible to speak about the effective elimination of a number of negative consequences of the process of society informatization. In this context, an extremely important task is to ensure the protection of children from information psychological and destructive threats, including overcoming the Internet and other types of information dependence. Information security theory is an integral part of social security psychology. For its complete design, there is still a lot to be done both in theoretical and applied terms. First of all, the creation of a national information platform is meant. Currently, there is an urgent need to develop competence in the field of information security not only among professionals, but also among various groups of the population.

This article contributes to the debate on how an international crisis may contribute to ontological security. We argue that ontological security can paradoxically be achieved through escalating practices capable of provoking international crises. By merging 'practices', a fairly distinct theoretical perspective of International Relations, with ontological security, we seek to expand Jennifer Mitzen's premise that "even dangerous routines provide ontological security" and consider practices as a source of attaining ontological security. To partake in the practical turn in ontological security studies, we borrow the concepts of Practice Turn in IR, habitus (disposition), and field (environment). After substantiating the connection between the two theories, we take the demise of the INF Treaty as an example of a crisis. We argue that the INF Treaty, as a field, has become a source of ontological threat to both the U.S. and Russia. Following the end of the Cold War, the U.S. and Russia have constantly changed their habitus by developing key missile technologies and deteriorating bilateral relations. Accordingly, the changed habitus no longer conformed to the realities of the field, making its delegitimization by both sides self-evident.

The article presents the strategic directions for the development of scientific research of academician of the RAS G.G. Matishov in the context of ensuring the security of Russian society. The prospects of the future of Russian science are described.

The risk in General and in the theoretical understanding of security, in particular, should be considered as an indivisible all-encompassing phenomenon inherent in any activity. Manifestations of interest and analysis require the essence of risk, its features, components and qualities, the interaction of subjective and objective risk, the prerequisites that give rise to risk in real life, aspects of risk assessment. In real financial, economic and managerial practice, the concept of "risk" is applied in any way and not necessarily correct. This is due, first of all, to different objective reasons (risk is a complex manifestation, which has a large number of non-matching grounds); second, different subjective reasons (attitude to risk).

This article provides insight into the initiatives of the President of France Emmanuel Macron in the field of European Union security and defense. France is leading the processes of military convergence of the EU members. The author examines the perspectives of such a convergence and tries to identify both internal and external causes of the French European policy. The author explores Macron's European policy and compares it with the ideology of classical gaullism, laid the foundation for the Fifth Republic led by general Charles de Gaulle. The author characterizes Macron's policies as ―flexible gaullism'' and identifies its main features. The author assesses the perspectives of the initiatives suggested by Macron in the sphere of European security and defense and tries to reveal possible obstacles for the realization of these initiatives. The article also provides an analytical assessment of the current French external European policy, evaluates the political influence of modern France on the European Union Common Security and Defense. The author explores the impact of Brexit on the position of France in EU and studies the role of Paris in PESCO - Permanent Structured Cooperation. The article reveals joint initiatives of France and Germany and the role of Franco-German tandem in the EU Common Security and Defense Policy. © 2020 Institute of Europe Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

The article substantiates the need to use new approaches in describing the regional economic security including the institutional theory. We argue the importance of economic security for overcoming governance imperfections. Moreover, it is significant to a new paradigm unifying various theories that differ from one another according to methodological features — substantive, functional and axiological ones. In the modern theory of socio-economic development, more attention has been paid to the regional economic security and its institutional explanation. The purpose of the article is to study the economic security of a region through the prism of institutional factors. These factors allow revealing internal features that determine the nature of regional economic security. However, studying these factors using traditional economic theory remains less accessible. The research hypothesis supposes that our method of studying the economic security increases the effectiveness of scientific analysis. Moreover, it allows to identify a region as a complex phenomenon where universal standards of market behaviour can be considered as the special cases of economy. In this regard, the research contributes to the concept of regional economic security. We consider a region using the French «theory of agreements». The application of the theory of conventions allows to re-formulate the concept of the interaction of regional government bodies with a multi-institutional object of regulation. This is a typical for addressing the issue of economic security of northern regions where the problem of market behaviour has more acute and painful form. The outcome of this work can be used as a guide for the modernization of regional governance. © 2018 Institute of Economics Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. ; Изложено становление теории экономической безопасности и ее институциональной интерпретации. Представлены основные задачи управления экономической безопасностью. Рассмотрены эволюция и особенности производственной структуры Республики Коми.