Suchergebnisse

The tension between freedom and security, between the wishes of the group against those of the individual, has been in force sice the birth of human societies. Two antagonistic elements that complement each other, from the political sphere to our psyche, this struggle of opposites is constant and we can hardly detach ourselves from it. Security is born from the desire to safeguard freedom so in the end, it ends up being self-limited, paradoxically. The human being has required the emergence of the second mentioned to be able to fight his own species. The combination of both categories is the key of success. ; La tensión entre libertad y seguridad, entre los deseos del colectivo frente a los del propio individuo, ha estado vigente desde el nacimiento de las sociedades humanas. Dos elementos antagónicos que se complementan, desde el ámbito político hasta en la psique, dicha lucha de contrarios es constante y difícilmente podemos desligarnos de la misma. La seguridad nace del deseo de salvaguardar la libertad; por lo que al fin y al cabo, se acaba autolimitado a ella misma, paradójicamente. El ser humano ha requerido del surgimiento de la segunda mencionada para poder combatir a los de su propia especie. La combinación de ambas categorías es la clave del éxito.

The author reflects upon the conditions in which poor countries are vulnerable to several sources of insecurity. In this context, the article explores the case of Colombia, a country threatened by drug trafficking and guerrilla warfare, and links the Colombian conflict to regional stability and peace. The author concludes suggesting three possible scenarios for the conflict in Colombia, and its consequences for the region. Finally, he argues for a collective security approach as a feasible response to these challenges. ; El autor reflexiona sobre las condiciones en que los países pobres son vulnerables a diversas fuentes de inseguridad. En este contexto, el artículo analiza el caso de Colombia, amenazada por el narcotráfico y la guerrilla; y vincula la inestabilidad colombiana estabilidad y paz regionales. El autor insinúa, asimismo, tres escenarios posibles del conflicto y sus consecuencias en la región y propone la seguridad cooperativa regional como respuesta a este problema.

Con la visión de la seguridad como la garantía de protección contra daños físicos y mentales, de estar liberados de necesidades y temores, la seguridad humana ha pasado a ser la estrella central del programa del desarrollo global. En este trabajo se argumenta que, incluso con ingresos bajos, uno puede lograr un mayor desarrollo humano, como una esperanza de vida más larga, una menor fertilidad y una mejor educación. Amartya Sen, Premio Nobel de India, lo ha caracterizado como "el desarrollo como libertad". La falta de libertad fundamental está vinculada inexorablemente a la pobreza económica y el retraso. Casi todos los Estados de la India han reducido la pobreza con éxito, pero aquellos que tienen un mejor desarrollo humano han salido mejor. Tan solo esta reducción paulatina no va a difundir los beneficios de la reforma. La intervención medida del Estado y su adecuado suministro de redes de seguridad para los sectores vulnerables de la población son necesarios para hacer más sostenible el desarrollo. La democracia y el desarrollo van de la mano. El gobierno democrático, responsable y transparente es el mejor seguro contra la pobreza y la marginalización. La prueba del buen gobierno debe tener como premisa la forma en que el Estado y la sociedad civil negocien las diferencias a través de garantías constitucionales e instituciones políticas. El buen gobierno es la clave para el crecimiento justo. ; With security being viewed as ensuring protection from physical and mental harm, freedom from want and fear, human security has moved to the centre stage of the global development agenda. This paper argues that even with low income, one can achieve higher human development like higher life expectancy, lower fertility and high literacy. Amartya Sen, Nobel Laureate of India, has characterised it as "development as freedom". Lack of substantive freedom is inexorably linked to economic poverty and backwardness. Nearly all States in India have succeeded in reducing poverty, but those States with better human development have fared better. The trickle-down alone will not spread the benefits of reform. Measured State intervention and adequate provision of safety nets for the vulnerable sections of people are needed to make development more sustainable. Democracy and development go hand in hand. The democratic, accountable and transparent governance is the best insurance against poverty and marginalisation. The test of good governance must be premised on how the State and civil society negotiate differences via constitutional guarantees and political institutions. Good governance is the key to equitable growth.

Habeas Data is not a commonly known concept, yet it is widely acknowledged in certain circles that deal with information security and data protection. Though it has been around for decades, it has recently gained momentum in Latin America. It is the legal notion that protects any and all information pertaining to the individual, from personal to financial, giving them the power to decide how and where such data can be used. At the same time, most Latin American countries have created laws that protect individuals if their information is misused. This article examines the concept of Habeas Data from its inception to its current applications, and explains the different approaches and legislations passed in Latin American countries on data protection due to the rise of global cybercrime.

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are the cornerstone of several modern systems: from smartphones to military applications. Therefore, their security is of utmost importance. This Master Thesis performs a security assessment on Septentrio's AsteRx-m3 receiver on two planes: a penetration testing engagement with the receiver's interfaces, and a GPS L1 C/A signal spoofing project. The assessment is satisfactory and distinct vulnerabilities are found on the web interface of the receiver, raging from low to high severity. On the GPS signal side, the Software Defined Radio used to carry out the spoofing is the HackRF One and the false GPS L1 C/A signal is generated using the software GPS-SDR-SIM. At first, the receiver detects the HackRF One signal Code-Carrier Divergence and repudiates the signal. After identifying and describing the problem, a fix is correctly implemented and, finally, the AsteRx-m3 receiver is successfully spoofed.

The article examines the characteristics of the functioning of information security in the e-government system, a phenomenon that is only possible based on the development of the information security infrastructure. The authors analyze information security as a key element of the concept of e-government, as well as various interpretations and ways of explaining the concept of information security. The research team's approach to the definition of the concept of information security is formed from the deep understanding of this concept, in terms of general theoretical analysis. Topics, objects, functions, types, principles, forms, levels of provision and structural elements of information security are studied. It is concluded that the organization of modern computer security of the State is undoubtedly a complex, systemic and multilevel phenomenon, whose state, dynamics, and perspectives are directly influenced by many external and internal factors, the most important being the political situation. In the world the presence of possible external and internal threats; state and level of development of information and communication of the country and internal political situation, among other aspects.

Este artículo explora un concepto de seguridad energética sustentable fincada en el bienestar de la sociedad mexicana y que integra los compromisos asumidos en el Acuerdo de París ante la Convención Marco de Cambio Climático de la ONU (CNUMCC), en 2015 y ratificado en septiembre de 2016 por el Senado. Analiza el concepto de seguridad energética en el contexto internacional y en el mexicano, examina la evolución de la extracción de hidrocarburos, los impactos geopolíticos en los precios globales del crudo, los conflictos, las repercusiones en las finanzas públicas y en Petróleos Mexicanos, así como el incremento de actores ilegales que roban los combustibles fósiles. El texto propone que la crisis actual en los precios de los hidrocarburos abre a México la posibilidad de estimular las energías renovables, que el país posee en abundancia, si bien el gobierno mexicano ha fincado su seguridad energética en hidrocarburos fósiles y pretende cumplir con los compromisos internacionales produciendo energía limpia mediante inversión extranjera. Finalmente, se propone un concepto holístico de seguridad energética que integra factores de seguridad humana, ambiental, económica, societal y de género, que abre a México la posibilidad de una política energética a largo plazo, fincada en la sustentabilidad, la equidad y el bienestar ciudadano colectivo.

The scientific-technical revolution and the social informativeness in their vertiginous development constantly show the necessity to upgrade the culture in Informatics so as to take advantages of the possibilities given by technology in favour of the social processes. However, using these media imply having risks at different levels: personal, instituti onal, national, and even extraterritorial. That is why, computer security has become one of the components of National Security because it can be a powerful weapon to penetrate and attack objectives of the state in the fields of economy and the army, which is of great importance for the country. ; La revolución científico técnica y la informatización social en su desarrollo vertiginoso, demuestran cada vez más la necesidad de elevar la cultura informática en aras de aprovechar las bondades de la mediación tecnológica en los procesos sociales, sin embargo, el aprovechamiento de estos medios implica riesgos de alcance: personal, institucional, nacional y extraterritorial, por lo que la seguridad informática ha devenido en componente de la Seguridad Nacional, en tanto puede constituir un arma poderosa para penetrar y atacar objetivos estatales, económicos y militares de significativa importancia para el país.

Drawing on case studies from around the world, contributors to this ground-breaking book explore a major contemporary paradox: on the one hand, young people today are at the forefront of political campaigns promoting social rights and ethical ideas that challenge authoritarian orders and elite privileges. On the other hand, too many governments, some claiming to be committed to liberal-democratic values, social inclusion and youth participation are engaged in repressing political activities that contest the status quo ; 2017-18

The protection of old age has become a constant concern in recent years. Within this, the protection of dependent adults is presented as a new social risk for social security. This approach is the one addressed in this work, for which the French model of dependency protection is used. It is argued that Chilean security can follow this approach. It is considered necessary to be able to identify and analyze the elements of dependency benefits of the French legislation that allow sustaining that the dependency can be protected by the Chilean social security system. The elements presented will allow the development of a more informed debate about the protection of an increasing group in Chile.

The article reveals the problematic issues for ensuring financial security in the context of globalization in global financial systems. The modern stage of development of state financial systems is characterized by difficulties in ensuring national financial security. Despite the urgency of this problem, the international community is focusing on ensuring economic security during the formation of universal and regional legal instruments, leaving out of sight issues of legal and practice-oriented guidance in financial security. The article examines the main directions of implementation of state policy aimed at improving the effectiveness of legal and national and international means to ensure financial security in the context of the globalization of growing threats to economic security. The focus is on the modernization of legal instruments to regulate public relations related to financial security. Particular attention was paid to the correlation of international legal bases, national legislation, and regional laws. It is concluded that the development of state financial policy that guarantees the security of the budgetary system is fundamental.

The rapid development of information technology and the problem of its rapid implementation in all spheres of public life, the growing importance of information in management decisions to be made by public authorities, a new format of media — these and other factors urge the problem of developing and implementing quality state information security policy. The aim of the article was to conduct a comparative analysis of the latest practices of improving public information security policies in the European Union, as well as European countries such as Poland, Germany, Great Britain, and Ukraine. The formal-logic, system-structural and problem-theoretical methods were the leading methodological tools. The analysis of regulatory legal acts showed that there is a single concept of international information security at the global and regional levels, which requires additional legal instruments for its implementation. It is stated that the reform of national information security policies has a direct impact on the formation of a single global information space. According to the results of the study, it is substantiated that the United Kingdom is characterized by the most promising information security policy.

The objective of the work was to study the international aspects of the regulation of social and labor relations, with emphasis on global processes and their influence, on the part of international institutions, on the security of the individual and stable development in the work environment. The study used scientific methods such as: systemic analysis, comparison, functional historical, legal comparative and communicative. It was established that the sharp multiplication of global problems that have currently appeared before mankind requires consensual efforts of all members of the world community. In the conclusions it was stressed that all measures of the world community in terms of labor have to start from the true fact that it affirms the safety and dignity of work of each person as a fundamental value. Consequently, the category «security» should be considered not only as an abstract dominant of development of a certain spectrum of labor social relations, but also as a real reason for the valid assurance of each individual. Definitely, the guarantee of safety should be based on the active position of each separate individual, not only in the sphere of occupational safety and hygiene, but in all spheres of social relations.