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"Is there any moral obligation to improve oneself, to foster and develop various capacities in oneself? From a broadly Kantian point of view, 'Self-Improvement' defends the view that there is such an obligation and that it is an obligation that each person owes to him or herself. The defence addresses a range of arguments philosophers have mobilized against this idea, including the argument that it is impossible to owe anything to yourself, and the view that an obligation to improve oneself is overly 'moralistic'. Robert N. Johnson argues against Kantian uiniversalization arguments for the duty of self-improvement, as well as arguments that bottom out in a supposed value humanity has. At the same time, he defends a position based on the notion that self- and other-respecting agents would, under the right circumstances, accept the principle of self-improvement and would leave it up to each to be the person to whom this duty is owed"--Publisher's description, p. [4] of dust jacket

Self-help today is a multi-billion-dollar global industry, one often seen as a by-product of neoliberalism and capitalism. Far from being a recent phenomenon, however, the practice of self-improvement has a long and rich history, extending all the way back to ancient China. For millennia, philosophers, sages, and theologians have reflected on the good life and devised strategies on how to achieve it. Focusing on ten core ideas of self-improvement that run through the world's advice literature, Anna Katharina Schaffner reveals the ways they have evolved across cultures and historical eras, and why they continue to resonate with us today. Reminding us that there is much to learn from looking at time-honed models, Schaffner also examines the ways that self-improvement practices provide powerful barometers of the values, anxieties, and aspirations that preoccupy us at particular moments in time and expose basic assumptions about our purpose and nature

Self-reported motives for enlistment in the US Army Reserve are examined as a function of age, educational attainment & proficiency, & plans to transfer to the active Army, drawing on survey data obtained from 1,364 male recruits in 1987. Several differently motivated subgroups of reserve recruits are suggested: those of traditional college age & more intellectually gifted tend to join seeking money, primarily for college; this trend is most pronounced for the youngest high school graduate recruits. Older recruits or those less intellectualy predisposed joined for self-improvement or skills training. The youngest recruits joined largely to transfer to the active Army. 3 Tables. Adapted from the source document.

This article compares patterns & outcomes of administrative reform in four countries: Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, & Thailand. It focuses on the supply side, that is, on reform implementation. It is assumed that bureaucrats, upon whom implementation depends, have an interest in controlling the process. A distinction is made between two types of bureaucratic systems -- autonomous & instrumental -- according to structural features that increase the potential to block reforms. Four possible patterns of administrative reform are distinguished according to whether demand is high or low, & whether the bureaucracy can be classed as autonomous or instrumental. More broadly, it is argued that supply will be lower in autonomous bureaucratic systems. A comparative case study method is applied to test this model, & the proposition is not disconfirmed. Malaysia & Singapore, both classed as instrumental bureaucracies, demonstrate a predictable style of "continuous administrative self-improvement." The status of the bureaucracy in Thailand & Taiwan is in transition, & the model is used to analyze changes in reform patterns over time & to suggest future trajectories. 5 Figures, 62 References. Adapted from the source document.

Women and crime -- Connecting female substance abuse cognition and crime -- Mental and physical health issues in female criminal justice clients -- Adolescent girls and delinquency: the route into correctional settings -- Understanding posttraumatic stress disorder -- Assessment with female judicial clients -- Gender as culture and other diversity considerations -- Gender specific strategies and models for treatment