Suchergebnisse

The article presents the meaning of the concepts of "professional and pedagogical activityˮ, "professional developmentˮ and shows that professional development is a multifaceted process of acquiring and using new knowledge, skills and qualities that are necessary for highly effective implementation of professional pedagogical activity. It is noted that professional development is a process of transforming the teacher's individuality, aimed at self-improvement and achievement of acmeological peaks in professional activity; the features of professional and pedagogical activity of a teacher of higher military educational institution are singled out in the article.The stages of professional development of a teacher (choice of profession, professional education and training, professional adaptation, professional competence, professionalism, mastery and innovation) are analyzed. It is identified that self-improvement is implemented in two interrelated ways: self-education and personal development. A brief meaningful characteristic of these concepts is offered. The stages of self-improvement of scientific and pedagogical workers are characterized: the stage of self-knowledge (the initial stage of cognitive activity of a person), the stage of creating a personal self-improvement program (formation of goals and ideals for achieving one's goal), the stage of implementation of self-improvement program (professional development implementation complex), the stage of control and regulation of self-improvement process (evaluation of achieved results).On the basis of theoretical analysis and selected results of the empirical research, the author offers advice for teachers of higher military educational institutions for their professional self-improvement. It is determined that constant improvement of professional skills is an important factor in the professional development of a scientific and pedagogical worker.Keywords: pedagogical activity, higher military education institution, professional development, stages of professional development, self-improvement, self-education, innovativeness. ; Розглянуто зміст понять "професійно-педагогічна діяльністьˮ, "професійне зростанняˮ; показано, що професійний розвиток – багатогранний процес здобуття й використання нових знань, умінь та якостей, які потрібні для високоефективного проведення професійної педагогічної діяльності. Зазначено, що професійний розвиток – процес перетворення індивідуальності педагога, спрямований на самовдосконалення й досягнення акмеологічних вершин у професійній діяльності; виокремлено особливості професійно-педагогічної діяльності викладача вищого військового навчального закладу.Проаналізовано етапи професійного розвитку викладача (вибір професії, професійної освіти та підготовки, професійної адаптації, професійної компетентності, професіоналізму, майстерності та новаторства). З'ясовано, що самовдосконалення існує у двох взаємопов'язаних формах: самоосвіта та самовиховання. Автор пропонує коротку змістову характеристику означених понять. Охарактеризовано етапи самовдосконалення науково-педагогічного працівника: етап самопізнання (початковий етап пізнавальної діяльності людини), етап створення особистої програми самовдосконалення (формування цілей та ідеалів для досягнення своєї мети), етап реалізації програми самовдосконалення (втілення комплексу професійного росту), етап контролю та регуляція процесу самовдосконалення (оцінювання досягнутих результатів).На основі теоретичного аналізу та окремих результатів емпіричного дослідження, автор запропонував поради викладачам вищих військових навчальних закладів для їх професійного самовдосконалення. З'ясовано, що постійне підвищення фахової майстерності є важливим фактором професійного розвитку науково-педагогічного працівника.Ключові слова: педагогічна діяльність, вищий військовий навчальний заклад, професійне зростання, етапи професійного розвитку, самовдосконалення, самовиховання, інноваційність.

The article is analyzed the item of the physical self-improvement as a part of the system realization of the professional training of the border guards officers. The author has focused attention to the need and importance of the future professional development some of main parts of the physical self-improvement.The article is devoted to the study of professional approaches in accordance with conditions and grounds of application by the border guards of specials means of physical self-improvement during the execution of tasks on state border protection. With permanent development of the State Border Service of Ukraine new requirements are put forward to preparation of the border guards officers. The National Academy of the State Border Service of Ukraine named after Bohdan Khmel'nitskiy is the only higher educational institution of professional training of the future border guards officers. There are a great number of different professional trainings for cadets during their education at all stages of getting by cadets a higher education a great attention is paid to many professional courses. The main important among them are: tactics, medical training, fire-system training and physical training. Physical training is one of the most important part of the cadets life and very useful for their future profession on the State border. There are some forms of the physical training. Such as morning physical exercises, special sport groups, physical competitions from all kinds of sports. The main purpose of physical training is to get a good physical shape for their health, self-improvement and basic preparation of future service on the State Border. So we can notice that future border guards officers must have the main theoretical skills and also to be in the proper physical form and ready to the actions under various conditions of the situation.From at the shortage of time cadets must independently physically develop and plain their daily routine. Physical training as a main part of military course closely connected with other military subjects (tactics, fire force training, military medicine) and influences on future border guard service. ; У статті визначено актуальність фізичного самовдосконалення як одної із складових реалізації системи професійної підготовки офіцерів прикордонників, розглянуто сутність даного поняття Велика увага авторів сфокусована на необхідності та важливості деяких основних складових фізичного самовдосконалення для майбутніх офіцерів-прикордонників.Стаття присвячена вивченню професійних підходів відповідно до умов і підстав застосування прикордонниками спеціальних засобів фізичного самовдосконалення при виконанні завдань з охорони державного кордону. Постійний розвитком Державної прикордонної служби України висуває нові вимоги до підготовки офіцерів-прикордонників. Національна академія Державної прикордонної служби України імені Богдана Хмельницького є єдиним вищим навчальним закладом професійної підготовки майбутніх офіцерів прикордонної служби. Існує велика кількість професійних тренінгів під час навчання на всіх етапах отримання курсантами вищої освіти, велика увага приділяється багатьом професійним курсам. Головними з них є: тактика, медична підготовка, вогнева і фізична підготовка. Фізична підготовка – одна з найважливіших частин життя курсантів і надзвичайно корисна для майбутньої професії. Наведені основні форми фізичної підготовки: ранкові фізичні вправи, спеціальні спортивні гуртки, фізичні змагання з усіх видів спорту. Головною метою фізичного виховання є: отримання гарної фізичної форми, самовдосконалення та базова підготовки щодо майбутньої служби на державному кордоні. Тому слід відмітити, що майбутні офіцери-прикордонники мають володіти основними теоретичними навичками, а також бути у належній фізичній формі і бути готовими до дій у різних умовах обстановки.За браком часу курсанти повинні самостійно займатись і планувати свій розпорядок дня. Фізична підготовка як основна частина військового курсу тісно пов'язана з іншими військовими предметами (тактикою, вогневою підготовкою, військовою медициною) та впливає на майбутню службу.

Останнім часом зростає значення міжнародної співпраці у сфері освіти, використання передового досвіду закладів вищої освіти країн Євросоюзу. Наголошується, що важливу роль у мотиваційному процесі заохочення як механізму впливу на професійне самовдосконалення викладачів іноземних мов відіграє своя, діяча в кожній країні Євросоюзу, система заохочень. Системи заохочень відображають як професійну діяльність окремої особистості, так і історичний розвиток країни. Заохочення є позитивно стимулюючим впливом на потреби, інтереси, свідомість, волю, поведінку викладачів іноземної мови, а також на результати їх праці. Заохочення викликає зацікавленість особистості в отримані певних соціальних благ і використовується у випадках досягнення результатів у своїй професійній діяльності. ; Recently, the importance of international cooperation in education, the use of the best practices of higher education institutions in the European Union, the development of pedagogical skills and professional activities to organize the process of foreign language teaching has been growing, so the issue of encouragement as a mechanism of influence on the professional development of foreign language teachers is relevant. It is noted that organization of higher education in the European Union has both much in common and in different. It is stated that the professional development of foreign language teachers in the European Union is a dynamic and continuous process that lasts throughout their activities. An important place is given to the motivation of teachers to self-improvement in order to achieve the highest level of professionalism. Teachers' self-improvement allows them to deepen their professional competence by understanding the social and cultural dimensions of education, based on their own needs and requirements of society. It is determined that any culture finds its unique reflection in the language, as well as in the study of the cultural heritage of the people, which is enshrined in their language as a reflection of the spiritual world of humans and their culture. It is emphasized that an important role in the motivational process of encouragement as a mechanism for influencing the professional selfimprovement of foreign language teachers is played by the current system of encouragements in each European Union country. Encouragement systems reflect both the professional activity of an individual and the historical development of the country. Encouragement is a positive stimulating effect on the needs, interests, consciousness, will, behavior of foreign language teachers, as well as on the results of their work. Encouragement arouses the interest of the individual in obtaining certain social benefits and is used in cases of achieving results in own professional activities. Encouragement is used for successful performance of professional duties, important tasks, long-term work and is a mechanism of influence on the development of professional self-improvement. The analysis of scientific works on the problem under research shows that in the European Union countries national educational traditions are combined, that the motivational process for self-improvement depends on individual characteristics, age, pedagogical experience, scientific degree, position and is encouraged by the relevant stimulating moral (expression of gratitude, rewarding with certificate of appreciation, etc.) and material (rewarding with a gift, additional payments, financial awards, grants, etc.) systems of payment for work. The system of additional payments is non-uniform not only in the universities of different European Union countries, but also within a specific higher education institution. Teachers can be nominated for state awards for outstanding merit to the country. State awards are the highest form of recognition for high merit in the development of education, science, economy, culture. State awards are established exclusively by the laws of each country.

The article is devoted to the definition and theoretical and methodological substantiation of priority areas for the implementation of the principles of improving dynamic relations in a complementary management system for the development of self-governing territories. In the context of the search for optimal models of development of self-governing territories, the author analyzes the types of links that operate at the state administrative and regional, subregional and local levels. In particular, to improve the political ties of self-governing territories with the state level, it is necessary to build a holistic concept of local government reform, which would include decision-making and promotion of ideas for optimal change of the existing organizational structure of self-governing territories based on political institutions. The formation of a model of balanced development of self-governing territories should be aimed at achieving long-term state goals that will help concentrate resources, increase production efficiency, form a new sectoral structure, develop new infrastructure projects that will improve cooperation between self-governing communities and improve quality of life. and the country as a whole. At the local level, it is important to establish a dialogue between the government and the community, to promote the involvement of community potential in local development; ensuring a high level of public awareness of the real situation in the community, the causal links of problems and opportunities for their solution. At the same time, changes are needed in the relationship between local authorities and the community, the use of democratic leadership, the introduction of new practices to involve and increase the activity of residents, transparent dialogue and partnership in local budget planning, quality public services and more. The key to the effectiveness of joint work is mutual trust and support in the community, a sense of belonging to a single whole and awareness of a common goal. The concept of ...

Problem setting. Social and cultural processes taking place in Ukraine at the beginning of the 21-st century are associated not only with the growth of democracy and market economy emergence, but at the same time with searching for the spiritualfoundations of further social and cultural development. A new society construction is impossible with the orientation towards outdated rational-pragmatic principles, since such a direction of human activity will lead to the destruction of value-content and moral components of an individual spiritual world. In modern Ukrainian society new paradigms of consciousness, self-consciousness, and thinking are being formed and they should contribute to the fact that members of the society can acquire not only knowledge and skills in a certain sphere of activity, but also the ability to communicate and to exist together.Recent research and publications analysis. Modern philosophers, both domestic and foreign, comprehend differently the problems of individual conscious self-development, taking different sets of values into their mechanisms foundation. An individual self-perfection is defined by the majority of domestic researchers as the highest form of conscious self-development manifested in personal continuous inner work in order to achieve an appropriate level of own personal development in accordance with humanistic spiritual values, as a way to constant inner world formation in accordance with the universal (humanistic) ideal, while English-speaking researchers are concentrated mainly on the utilitarian-pragmatic approach to individual self-perfection and put the problems of spirituality to the background, considering only those self-improvement mechanisms which help to achieve a certain goal.Paper aim. The purpose of the article is studying the phenomena of personal self-education and self-improvement as individuality formation and deployment means.Paper results and discussion. A personality self-development is an individual creative activity determined by personal qualities and aimed at "building"; the way of person's being, at the development of what is not inherited. It is understood as an individual history, a way of a person's attitude to reality, the content of which defines an individual way of thinking (consciousness, self-consciousness), which manifests itself in the form of a real action of the subject able to build and create himself. Needs, values and interests within self-development can be both general and functional, when they express a person's direction to the activity final result or its process. Activity to satisfy internal needs (biological, social, spiritual) is an internal impulse of self-development in general, self-education and self-improvement in particular, providing their activity essence, although the nature of this activity will obviously be different in relation to various conscious forms of self-development of the individual – self-education and self-improvement.The integrity of the individual can not be reduced to a simple joining of separate functions into a single system, we must speak about the spiritual and moral integrity, the main thing of which is the content connecting its components. The basis for self-improvement is spiritual and moral core, which fills all person's functional activity manifestations with moral content.The individualization is the process of a person's self-identification and personification, the allocation from the community, the design of the isolation and uniqueness. The personality that has become an individuality is an original person, active and creative. Different particles, different dimensions of spiritual essence are recorded in «personality» and "individuality" concepts. The very personality is able to self-improvement - as a person capable to self-knowledge, self-examination, self-control, self-regulation and self-education.Conclusion. It is necessary to create such a human cohabitation project, in which universal values or, rather, «every-human» values must undoubtedly remain their priority, and all others might be everyone's respected private affair. The very life and accordingly the desire for its fullness, happiness are obviously and necessarily considered to be such universal values; a human being needs to be healthy, have a support and extend the life in descendants; it is important to maintain life-saving requirements of good-neighbourhood, where «a shaky peace is better than a good quarrel». It is individual's freedom inseparable from the idea of full reasonable life, compatible with the same social life freedom of any other person, freedom to think in his or her own way, to confess his or her own values, freedom of conscience, the right to own some property.Such principle of human existence as love can be the answer to the question how this value system can be reconciled between many members of the human community. ; Статья посвящена чрезвычайно актуальной проблеме современности – осмыслению явлений личностного саморазвития и его форм (самосоврешенствования, самовоспитания) как мощного фактора формирования, становления и развития индивидуальности. Обоснована необходимость создания такого проекта человеческого сосуществования, в котором общечеловеческие ценности являются приоритетеными и определяющими, а общение между членами сообщества происходит на духовных основах, на основах общечеловеческих ценностей. ; Статтю присвячено надзвичайно актуальній проблемі сьогодення – осмисленню явищ особистісного саморозвитку та його форм (самовдосконалення, самовиховання) як потужного чинника формування, становлення й розгортання індивідуальності. Доведено необхідність створення такого проекту людського співжиття, в якому загальнолюдські цінності є пріоритетними й визначальними, а міжлюдське спілкування відбувається на духовних засадах, на засадах гуманістичних цінностей.

Problem setting. Social and cultural processes taking place in Ukraine at the beginning of the 21-st century are associated not only with the growth of democracy and market economy emergence, but at the same time with searching for the spiritualfoundations of further social and cultural development. A new society construction is impossible with the orientation towards outdated rational-pragmatic principles, since such a direction of human activity will lead to the destruction of value-content and moral components of an individual spiritual world. In modern Ukrainian society new paradigms of consciousness, self-consciousness, and thinking are being formed and they should contribute to the fact that members of the society can acquire not only knowledge and skills in a certain sphere of activity, but also the ability to communicate and to exist together.Recent research and publications analysis. Modern philosophers, both domestic and foreign, comprehend differently the problems of individual conscious self-development, taking different sets of values into their mechanisms foundation. An individual self-perfection is defined by the majority of domestic researchers as the highest form of conscious self-development manifested in personal continuous inner work in order to achieve an appropriate level of own personal development in accordance with humanistic spiritual values, as a way to constant inner world formation in accordance with the universal (humanistic) ideal, while English-speaking researchers are concentrated mainly on the utilitarian-pragmatic approach to individual self-perfection and put the problems of spirituality to the background, considering only those self-improvement mechanisms which help to achieve a certain goal.Paper aim. The purpose of the article is studying the phenomena of personal self-education and self-improvement as individuality formation and deployment means.Paper results and discussion. A personality self-development is an individual creative activity determined by personal qualities and aimed at "building"; the way of person's being, at the development of what is not inherited. It is understood as an individual history, a way of a person's attitude to reality, the content of which defines an individual way of thinking (consciousness, self-consciousness), which manifests itself in the form of a real action of the subject able to build and create himself. Needs, values and interests within self-development can be both general and functional, when they express a person's direction to the activity final result or its process. Activity to satisfy internal needs (biological, social, spiritual) is an internal impulse of self-development in general, self-education and self-improvement in particular, providing their activity essence, although the nature of this activity will obviously be different in relation to various conscious forms of self-development of the individual – self-education and self-improvement.The integrity of the individual can not be reduced to a simple joining of separate functions into a single system, we must speak about the spiritual and moral integrity, the main thing of which is the content connecting its components. The basis for self-improvement is spiritual and moral core, which fills all person's functional activity manifestations with moral content.The individualization is the process of a person's self-identification and personification, the allocation from the community, the design of the isolation and uniqueness. The personality that has become an individuality is an original person, active and creative. Different particles, different dimensions of spiritual essence are recorded in «personality» and "individuality" concepts. The very personality is able to self-improvement - as a person capable to self-knowledge, self-examination, self-control, self-regulation and self-education.Conclusion. It is necessary to create such a human cohabitation project, in which universal values or, rather, «every-human» values must undoubtedly remain their priority, and all others might be everyone's respected private affair. The very life and accordingly the desire for its fullness, happiness are obviously and necessarily considered to be such universal values; a human being needs to be healthy, have a support and extend the life in descendants; it is important to maintain life-saving requirements of good-neighbourhood, where «a shaky peace is better than a good quarrel». It is individual's freedom inseparable from the idea of full reasonable life, compatible with the same social life freedom of any other person, freedom to think in his or her own way, to confess his or her own values, freedom of conscience, the right to own some property.Such principle of human existence as love can be the answer to the question how this value system can be reconciled between many members of the human community. ; Статья посвящена чрезвычайно актуальной проблеме современности – осмыслению явлений личностного саморазвития и его форм (самосоврешенствования, самовоспитания) как мощного фактора формирования, становления и развития индивидуальности. Обоснована необходимость создания такого проекта человеческого сосуществования, в котором общечеловеческие ценности являются приоритетеными и определяющими, а общение между членами сообщества происходит на духовных основах, на основах общечеловеческих ценностей. ; Статтю присвячено надзвичайно актуальній проблемі сьогодення – осмисленню явищ особистісного саморозвитку та його форм (самовдосконалення, самовиховання) як потужного чинника формування, становлення й розгортання індивідуальності. Доведено необхідність створення такого проекту людського співжиття, в якому загальнолюдські цінності є пріоритетними й визначальними, а міжлюдське спілкування відбувається на духовних засадах, на засадах гуманістичних цінностей.

У статті проведено порівняльний аналіз вітчизняних зразків самохідних артилерійських установок (САУ) з аналогами САУ провідних у військовому відношенні країн світу. На підставі такого аналізу запропоновано і розглянуто шляхи розробки й удосконалення артилерійських систем 152-мм (155-мм) калібру. Своєчасні розробка, модернізація і технічне удосконалення вітчизняних САУ та їх вміле бойове використання є запорукою успіху, який веде до наближення перемоги. ; В статье проведен сравнительный анализ отечественных образцов самоходных артиллерийских установок (САУ) с аналогами САУ передовых в военном отношении стран мира. На основании такого анализа предложены и рассмотрены пути модернизации и усовершенствования артиллерийских систем 152-мм (155-мм) калибра. Своевременные модернизация и техническое усовершенствование отечественных САУ и их умелое боевое использование есть залогом успеха, который ведет к приближению победы. ; In the article the comparative analysis of the domestic models of self-propelled artillery units with similar self-propelled artillery militarily advanced countries. On the basis of this analysis and suggested the ways of modernization and improvement of artillery systems 152 mm (155 mm) caliber. Timely modernization and technical improvement of local self-propelled guns, and their skillful use of combat have success, which leads to the approximation of victory.

The thesis is devoted to the analysis of problems of formation and implementation of personnel policy of local self-government bodies in the conditions of completion of the reform of financial decentralization of governance in Ukraine, extension of the rights of territorial communities in solving issues of local importance and self-organization. The legislative aspects of personnel policy formation by local self-government bodies are analyzed in the paper, and the type of personnel policy, the degree of its progressivity and the main problems of its formation and development are identified on the example of the activity of the Vinnitsa City Council personnel unit. The directions of improvement of the personnel policy of Vinnytsia City Council are proposed, which will allow to solve the problem of attracting young people to the service in the bodies of local self-government. ; Стаття присвячена аналізу проблем формування та реалізації кадрової політики органів місцевого самоврядування в умовах завершення реформи фінансової децентралізації влади в Україні, розширення прав територіальних громад у вирішенні питань місцевого значення та самоорганізації. В роботі проаналізовано законодавчі аспекти формування кадрової політики органамі місцевого самоврядування та на прикладі аналізу діяльності кадрового підрозділу Вінницької міської ради виявлено тип кадрової політики, ступінь її прогресивності та основні проблеми її формування та розвитку. Запропоновано напрями удосконалення кадрової політики Вінницької міської ради, що дозволить вирішиту проблему залучення молоді до служби в органах місцевого самоврядування.

The evaluation of the production efficiency of sugar beets and sugar in Ukraine for the period of 2001–2015 was made. The preconditions of negative changes in the sugar branch were studied. The output of sugar production in Ukraine depends on the gross harvest of sugar beets, their yielding capacity and the sown area under this crop. A polynomial model which describes the yielding capacity level of sugar beets in Ukraine in 1913–2015 has been worked out; the prediction of sugar beet yield for the year of 2017 has been made and its increase by 28% is expected.The importance of marketing in enterprises of the agrarian sector and in the enterprises of the sugar industry are indicated. Diversification trends of the supply of sugar-mills which will favor the efficiency enhancement of sugar beet production have been explained. As the problem of supplying our country with power-carriers becomes urgent, it is expedient to speed up and diversify the manufacture of alternative fuel kinds, in particular, bio ethanol and biogas.The ways of the efficiency enhancement of sugar beet production to ensure stable business development in the branch which requires active government support of producers have been identified. The research results can help solve practical problems of farm enterprises and in agrarian business in general.

Introduction. The modern role of investment attractiveness of marine ports in Ukraine is revealed. The strategic directions of the development of the marine ports of Ukraine are outlined: increasing the competitiveness of the port industry through improved cargo handling; modernization and development of objects of the port infrastructure of general use, in particular automobile and railway access roads; provision of effective state regulation of specialized services provided in the seaport by natural monopolies and services, the fee for which is included in the port dues; improvement of the document circulation system, simplification of permitting procedures, reduction of cargo handling time; creation of conditions for the development of fair competition between the seaports of our country and others.Purpose. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of investment attractiveness of seaports for improving the economic situation in Ukraine.Methods. The main directions of state regulation of inflow of investments for the growth of the economy as a whole are determined.Results. These are the existing positive aspects of the investment attractiveness of seaports. Originality. The main directions of increase of investment attractiveness of marine ports in Ukraine are proposed: expansion of infrastructure; increase of space for logistics; increase in production through the use of information technology.Conclusion. Investment attractiveness of sea ports of Ukraine requires urgent transformations, the liberalization of property relations, updating and modernization of the material and technical bases, and the introduction of a modern model of the functioning of marine ports. Private investors possess a large number of opportunities and sources for attracting financial and other resources that are difficult to access for the government. Investors are also well oriented in the advanced market trends, this fact makes them effective participants in the port business.

Tests as formed part of assessment system in education cause shape errors in final product in test forming processes. Several approaches have been proposed for analysis of tests and compensating their errors.A critical overview of effective approaches to test development is offered with some theoretical implications for language testing with the view to contribute and promote practical testing tailored to web-based educational systems.We have to deal with language testing theory and practice almost every day. It should be stressed that the lecturers, test makers and even test users are to focus on the language tests in some institutional-profession-oriented context. In recent years, tests have been considered to be effective tools for stimulating the learning process and predicting the feedback as knowledge flow taking into account the fact that the educational goal is to achieve communicative competence.We cannot overstate the importance of wider use of test technology as it brings democracy and competitiveness in the learning process itself. With computers and connected classrooms it becomes easier to enlarge teaching and learning community that enables students to take charge of gaining their language competence and as a result of their own education. Knowledge flow is transmitted by lecturers to students. Knowledge can be regarded as concrete subject matter divided into discrete segments provided with new rich course materials on line and supplied with practice exercises developed according to the test methodology to be used in the computer lab.

We consider the relevance and feasibility of improving the Law of Ukraine "About the price and pricing", presents the results of a new his edition, classification of methods of state pricing regulation, examples of legislative support pricing in the agricultural market.

The officer development model consists of three areas. They are: institutional training, operational tasks and self-development. Institutional training and operational tasks are implemented through a system of institutional training, professional self-development is a means of self-improvement and becoming a highly qualified specialist. Today, an officer is required to have experience and knowledge, the ability to act in complex, uncertain environments. Lifelong learning as a method of self-development is essential throughout an officer's career. Among the main competencies of the officer are: a broad outlook, the ability to conduct original research, select appropriate methods and tools for information processing, data interpretation, the ability to search, process, analyze information and some others. The ability to conduct research is a necessary intellectual skill, as well as the basis of the most modern training programs for military officers. During such programs, the ability to make an original research plan, formulate experimental or research hypotheses, to test them to obtain sound conclusions with the subsequent publication of results. Educational and training programs can provide the army with capable and strategically educated leaders. Through training in educational and research programs, conducting research and writing articles, active self-development, officers can realize their special abilities needed to solve complex global problems that require language, interagency and cultural skills. The concept of personal self-development of officers as scientists involves several elements. These are: designing your own career; in-service training planning; accumulation of professional and combat experience; search for scientific interest and the subject of original research; analysis of research potentials and research base; choice of educational and scientific program; formation of research trajectory; a reasonable promising combination of research and military experience. ; Модель розвитку офіцера ...

It is analyzed the state of the activity of the bodies of self-organization of people according to the legislative standards. The necessity of changing of legislation, that determine the demands of creation such bodies, is justified here. Despite the modern legislation there some problems in the order of their creation, registration, definition of their status as a taxpayer, continuing and the termination of their authority, the accounting of the citizens who live in private sector. Problems appears because of disparity of self-governmental legislation to modern circumstances. ; . ; Аналізується сучасний стан діяльності органів самоорганізації населення у відповідності до норм чинного законодавства. Обгрунтовується необхідність перегляду на законодавчому рівні нормативних актів, які визначають умови створення та діяльності органів самоорганізації населення та приведення їх у відповідність до сучасних норм. Незважаючи на існування законодавчого підґрунтя діяльності органів самоорганізації населення, у правовому полі залишається низка проблемних питань щодо порядку їх створення, реєстрації, визначення їх статусу як платників податку, продовження та припинення повноважень, а також у сфері обліку громадян, які проживають у приватному секторі міста. Проблеми діяльності органів самоорганізації населення більшою мірою виникають внаслідок «невідповідності» основного нормативно-правового акту, який регламентує їхню роботу до сучасних умов.

This article deals with the concept, essence of the institution of exemption from criminal liability and challenges of the functioning of this institution. The objective of the institution of exemption from criminal liability is to prevent the restriction of human rights by bringing the violator to criminal responsibility that is not proportional to its objectives. The Plenum of the Supreme Court of Ukraine defined the concept of exemption from criminal liability in 2005. This definition does not correspond to the modern realities of the development of criminal legal science and practice. In particular, while it is mentioned that, in fact, a State refuses to impose penal measures on a person, it is not specified why such a refusal exists. There is a need to establish in article 44 of the Criminal Code a definition that will reflect the imposition of the investigational institution more accurately, as its application is not only a clemency of the State against the perpetrator of the crime, but is based on the fact that the objectives of punishment are achieved without the actual prosecution of the perpetrator. Another problem is that the criminal legislation of Ukraine does not provide for the quantitative restriction of the application of exemption from criminal liability to a particular person. His absence calls into question the very existence of this institution, since in a situation of repeated commission of a crime by a person against whom such exemption has been applied, it can be said that neither the purpose of exemption from criminal responsibility nor the purpose of punishment in general has been achieved against him. Another challenge is the issue of the patterns for the application of exemption from criminal liability. The main reason is the commission of the crime for the first time. However, the Criminal Code of Ukraine does not specify what should be understood by the crime committed for the first time. The question of taking into account the identity of the perpetrator in the application of ...