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Although previous workers have emphasised that venereal disease is rife in many developing countries there are no reliable statistics on the relative incidence of such infections. This dearth of information about these infections in Africa is directly related to economic factors, and the lack of modern diagnostic facilities and medical manpower. The pattern of these diseases was studied over a 30-month period at a hospital clinic serving an African population of about 2 million people. Standard diagnostic methods were used. The age distribution of patients conformed with that in other parts of the world except that more pre-pubertal patients were seen. The male to female ratio was 3:1. Non-specific genital infections were the most common (25·9%) followed closely by post-pubertal gonorrhoea (19·5%). Pre-pubertal gonorrhoea was commoner than reported elsewhere (4·0%) and this may be because the children have been in contact with infected clothing of their parents or members of their family. Most strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were sensitive to penicillin by the disc method, but a few were markedly resistant to this and other agents. It is to be expected that the problem of gonococcal drug resistance will increase unless effective legislation is introduced to discourage self-medication with antimicrobial preparations. Venereophobia was common (6·6%) and sociocultural factors may play a dominant role in the incidence of the basically psychiatric condition. Syphilis constituted 2·5% of diagnoses and this can be regarded as an ominous sign in an area where yaws was endemic two decades ago and is now virtually non-existent. Altogether 9·5% of cases had multiple diagnoses making them dangerous sources of multiple infections. Up to 70% of the patients were infected after a promiscuous sexual activity. Such a high level of promiscuity would undoubtedly lead to an even greater dissemination of these infections. It is essential to provide facilities for diagnosis and treatment in every major town in Africa, otherwise it ...

The history of sexually transmitted diseases in Canada from 1800 to the present reflects the changing views and values of citizens, medical experts, politicians and bureaucrats. During the colonial period, the military devoted attention to the problem but strict moral codes and social conventions prevented public discussion. Although middle class reformers began to pressure the federal government for funding and direction after 1900, World War I was the catalyst for involvement. Health education through a voluntary group and federal-provincial cost-shared funding for treatment facilities across Canada were introduced to control STDs. Public perception of STD patients as marginalised or deviant limited the impact of these efforts. Social changes during the 1960s, new STDs appearing in the 1970s and the AIDS epidemic of the 1980s have redirected the STD campaign to focus on high risk groups and prevention rather than the moralistic curative efforts of the past.

"Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2004 presents statistics and trends for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States through 2004. This annual publication is intended as a reference document for policy makers, program managers, health planners, researchers, and others who are concerned with the public health implications of these diseases. The figures and tables in this edition supersede those in earlier publications of these data. The surveillance information in this report is based on the following sources of data: (1) case reports from state and local STD programs; (2) prevalence data from the Regional Infertility Prevention Projects, the National Job Training Program (formerly the Job Corps), the Corrections STD Prevalence Monitoring Project, and the Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) Prevalence Monitoring Project; (3) sentinel surveillance of gonococcal antimicrobial resistance from the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP); and (4) national surveys implemented by federal and private organizations. The STD surveillance systems operated by state and local STD control programs, which provide the case report data for chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and chancroid are the sources of many of the figures and all of the statistical tables in this publication. These systems are an integral part of program management at all levels of STD prevention and control in the United States. Because of incomplete diagnosis and reporting, the number of STD cases reported to CDC is less than the actual number of cases occurring in the United States population. Case report data for other STDs are not available because they are not nationally notifiable diseases. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2004 consists of four parts. The National Profile contains figures that provide an overview of STD morbidity in the United States. The accompanying text identifies major findings and trends for selected STDs. The Special Focus Profiles contain figures and text describing STDs in selected subgroups and populations that are a focus of national and state prevention efforts. The Detailed Tables provide statistical information about STDs at the city, county, state, and national levels. The Appendix includes information on interpreting the STD Surveillance data used to produce this report, Healthy People 2010 STD objectives, GPRA goals, and STD surveillance case definitions. Selected figures and tables in this document identify goals that reflect progress towards some of the Healthy People 2010 (HP2010) national health status objectives for STDs. Appendix Table A3 displays progress made towards the HP2010 targets for STDs. These targets are used as reference points throughout this edition of Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2004." - p. vi ; Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- Preface -- Guide to Acronyms -- Figures in the National Profile -- Figures in the Special Focus Profiles -- Tables in the National Profile -- Census regions of the United States -- National overview of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), 2004 -- -- National Profile -- Introduction -- Chlamydia -- Gonorrhea -- Syphilis -- Other sexually transmitted diseases -- -- Special Focus Profiles -- STDs in women and infants -- STDs in adolescents and young adults -- STDs in racial and ethnic minorities -- STDs in men who have sex with men -- STDs in persons entering corrections facilities -- -- -- Tables -- National summary -- Chlamydia -- Gonorrhea -- Syphilis -- Chancroid -- Selected STDs -- -- Appendix: Interpreting STD Surveillance Data -- Table A1. Selected STDs--Percentage of Unknown, Missing, or Invalid Values for Selected Demography Variables by State, 2004 -- Table A2. Reported Cases of Sexually Transmited Disease by Sex and Reporting Source, United States, 2004 -- Table A3. Healthy People 2010 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Objective Status -- Table A4. Government Performance Results Act (GPRA) Sexually Transmitted Diseases Goals and Measures -- STD Surveillance Case Definitions -- Contributors ; Division of STD Prevention. ; "September 2005." ; Also available via the World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (4 MB, 184 p.). ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2004. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, September 2005.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) were virtually eliminated in China in 1964 after Chinese government illegalized commercial sex and implemented active prevention and treatment programs among former sex workers (Chen et al., 2000). However, in the last three decades, the centralized economy in China made a transition to a more market-oriented economy, which brought significant changes in culture and social norms and dramatically influenced sexual attitude and behaviors among Chinese adults. One consequence of those changes is the significantly increasing prevalence of STDs in China(Abrams, 2001). The common STDs in China include gonorrhea, syphilis, AIDS, cervicitis, genital herpes, chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum, and chlamydial infection.

Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- Preface -- Guide to acronyms -- Figures in the national profile -- Figures in the special focus profiles -- Tables in the national profile -- Census regions of the united states -- National overview of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), 2008 -- -- National Profile -- Introduction -- Chlamydia -- Gonorrhea -- Syphilis -- Other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) -- -- Special Focus Profiles -- Introduction -- STDs in women and infants -- STDs in adolescents and young adults -- STDs in racial and ethnic minorities -- STDs in men who have sex with men (MSM) -- STDs in persons entering corrections facilities -- -- Tables -- National Summary -- Chlamydia -- Gonorrhea -- Syphilis -- Chancroid -- Selected STDs -- -- Appendix -- Interpreting STD surveillance data -- Table A1. Selected STDs--Percentage of unknown, missing, or invalid values for selected variables by state and by nationally notifiable STD, 2008 -- Table A2. Reported cases of sexually transmitted disease by reporting source and sex: United States, 2008 -- Table A3. Healthy People 2010 sexually transmitted diseases objective status -- Table A4. Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) sexually transmitted diseases goals and measures -- STD surveillance case definitions -- Contributors ; Division of STD Prevention. ; "November 2009." -- t.p. ; "Publication of this report would not have been possible without the contributions of the State and Territorial Health Departments, the Sexually Transmitted Disease Control Programs, the Regional Infertility Prevention Projects, and Public Health Laboratories. We also acknowledge the contributions of staff within the Division of STD Prevention, the Statistics and Data Management Branch and the Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch." - acknowledgements ; Also available via the World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (6.6 MB, 180 p.). ; "Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2008 presents statistics and trends for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States through 2008. This annual publication is intended as a reference document for policy makers, program managers, health planners, researchers, and others who are concerned with the public health implications of these diseases. The figures and tables in this edition supersede those in earlier publications of these data. The surveillance information in this report is based on the following sources of data: (1) notifiable disease reporting from state and local STD programs; (2) projects that monitor STD prevalence in various settings including; the Regional Infertility Prevention Projects (IPP); the National Job Training Program; the Indian Health Service; the Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) Prevalence Monitoring Project; the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP); and (3) national surveys implemented by federal and private organizations. The STD surveillance systems operated by state and local STD control programs, which provide the case report data for chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and chancroid are the data sources of many of the figures and most of the statistical tables in this publication. These systems are an integral part of program management at all levels of STD prevention and control in the United States. Because of incomplete diagnosis and reporting, the number of STD cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is less than the actual number of cases occurring in the United States population. National summary data of case reports for other STDs are not available because they are not nationally notifiable diseases. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2008 consists of four parts: (1) The National Profile contains figures that provide an overview of STD morbidity in the United States. The accompanying text identifies major findings and trends for selected STDs. (2) The Special Focus Profiles contain figures and text describing STDs in selected subgroups and populations that are a focus of national and state prevention efforts. (3) The Detailed Tables provide statistical information about STDs at the county, metropolitan statistical area (MSA), regional, state, and national levels. (4) The Appendix (Interpreting STD Surveillance Data) includes information on interpreting the STD surveillance data used to produce this report; Healthy People 2010 (HP2010) STD objectives and progress toward meeting them; Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) goals and progress toward meeting them; and STD surveillance case definitions." - p. vi ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2008. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; November 2009.

"Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2006 presents statistics and trends for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States through 2006. This annual publication is intended as a reference document for policy makers, program managers, health planners, researchers, and others who are concerned with the public health implications of these diseases. The figures and tables in this edition supersede those in earlier publications of these data. The surveillance information in this report is based on the following sources of data: (1) case reports from state and local STD programs; (2) the Regional Infertility Prevention Projects, the National Job Training Program, the Corrections STD Prevalence Monitoring Project, and the Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) Prevalence Monitoring Project; (3) the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP); and (4) national surveys implemented by federal and private organizations. The STD surveillance systems operated by state and local STD control programs, which provide the case report data for chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and chancroid are the data sources of many of the figures and most of the statistical tables in this publication. These systems are an integral part of program management at all levels of STD prevention and control in the United States. Because of incomplete diagnosis and reporting, the number of STD cases reported to CDC is less than the actual number of cases occurring in the United States population. Case report data for other STDs are not available because they are not nationally notifiable diseases. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2006 consists of four parts. The National Profile contains figures that provide an overview of STD morbidity in the United States. The accompanying text identifies major findings and trends for selected STDs. The Special Focus Profiles contain figures and text describing STDs in selected subgroups and populations that are a focus of national and state prevention efforts. The Detailed Tables provide statistical information about STDs at the county, metropolitan statistical area (MSA), regional, state, and national levels. The Appendix includes information on interpreting the STD surveillance data used to produce this report, Healthy People 2010 STD objectives, Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) goals, and STD surveillance case definitions." - p. vi ; Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Figures in the national profile -- Figures in the special focus profiles -- Tables in the national profile -- Geographic divisions of the United States -- National overview of sexually transmitted diseases, 2006 -- -- National profile -- Introduction -- Chlamydia -- Gonorrhea -- Syphilis other sexually transmitted diseases -- -- Special focus profiles -- Introduction -- STDs in women and infants -- STDs in adolescents and young adults -- STDs in racial and ethnic minorities -- STDs in men who have sex with men -- STDs in persons entering corrections facilities -- -- Tables -- National summary -- Chlamydia -- Gonorrhea -- Syphilis -- Chancroid -- Selected STDs -- -- Appendix -- Interpreting STD surveillance data -- Table A1. Selected STDs-- percentage of unknown, missing, or invalid values for selected demographic variables by state, 2006 -- Table A2. Reported cases of sexually transmitted disease by sex and reporting source: United States, 2006 -- Table A3. Healthy people 2010 sexually transmitted diseases objective status -- Table A4. Government Performance Results Act (GPRA) sexually transmitted diseases goals and measures -- STD surveillance case definitions -- Contributors. ; Division of STD Prevention. ; "November 2007." ; "Publication of this report would not have been possible without the contributions of the State and Territorial Health Departments and the Sexually Transmitted Disease Control Programs and the Regional Infertility Prevention Projects, which provided surveillance data to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention." - p. viii ; Also available via the World Wide Web as an html or an Acrobat .pdf file (2.6 MB, 192 p.). ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2006. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, November 2007.