Suchergebnisse

Twite, Robin: "Our shared environment". - S. 1-6. Issac, Jad: Environmental protection and sustainable development in Palestine. - S. 7-21. Fletcher, Elaine: Israel's environment: government, media and the public. - S. 22-57. Qleibo, Ali: Design for life. - S. 58-62. Mustafa, Ihsan: The general public and the environment: the role of environmental education and the media in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. - S. 63-76. Sagi, Yoav: Peace and open landscape. - S. 77-88. Abu-Asab, Mones S.: Sustaining the wonders: natural habits in the age of tranquility. - S. 89-96. Kuttab, Jonathan: Legal aspects of environmental control in Palestine. - S. 97-106. Laster, Richard: Environmental law in Israel today. - S. 107-146. Inbar, Yossi; Nissim, Ilan; Shapira, Dekel Amir: The state of solid waste in Israel. - S. 147-168. Hmaidi, Mohammad Said al-: The solid waste problem in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. - S. 169-181. Richter, Elihu: Sustainable agriculture and pesticides. - S. 182-196. Abu-el-Haj, Sameer: The pesticide dilemma. - S. 197-213. Fletcher, Elaine: Israelis transportation and the environment. - S. 214-245. Tal, Alon: Enmity in the wind: regulation of transboundary air pollution in an Israeli-Palestinian Environmental Agreement. S. 246-278. Assaf, Karen: Palestinian water resources - water quality. - S. 279-313. Eisenberg, Aharon: Drinking water quality in Israel. - S. 314-339. Brachya, Valerie: Environmental management through land use planning in Israel. - S. 339-354. Safi, Jamal M.: The state of the environment in Gaza Strip. - S. 355-373

Data were collected from 54 primary caregivers, their husbands, and adult children who were members of multigenerational households that included a disabled person over age 65. Household characteristics were examined in relationship to perceptions of household space, burden, and satisfaction. Household characteristics did not predict either burden or satisfaction. Household conversion decreased perceptions of household space for women and for their husbands. In addition, for husbands, the more time an elder spent in shared living space, the more negative the perceptions of household space. For teenage children in the household, sharing amenities with elders resulted in more negative perceptions of household space. Results are interpreted in terms of caregiving stress and suggestions are made for home adaptations.

Introduction: the "new institutionalism" in international relations -- International environmental governance -- Negotiating a global climate regime -- Managing the Arctic's shared natural resources -- Institutional bargaining: creating international governance systems -- Bargaining leverage versus structural power in the formation of governance systems -- The effectiveness of international governance systems -- Governance systems and international organizations -- Governance systems and international legal regimes

This paper addresses the alleged conflict between the GATT trade rules and the protection of the environment by GATT members. The author contends that the principal objective of the GATT rules on nontariff trade restrictions is to eliminate government interventions that promote the commercial interests of domestic producers and consumers in a manner that discriminates against foreign producers and consumers in either domestic or international markets. He further contends that this objective fundamentally does not conflict with protecting GATT members' domestic environment or the global environment. The GATT should explicitly recognize the objectives of environmental protection and natural resource consemation, either by an amendment to the GATT Articles or by resolution of the GATT Council. GATT members, in the interest of protecting their national and the global environment, should be free to impose restrictions on imports or exports so long as the interventions conform to the following conditions: (i) restrictions do not have the intent or signficant effect of discriminating against foreign producers or consumers in favor of domestic ones, (ii) restrictions are in the interest of protecting the global environment where the concerns are widely shared by other nations and do not simply reflect unique and parochial views of the individual member, and (iii) restrictions do not constitute an effort to force trading partners to adopt environmental standards of production that have no global or trans‐border pollution implications.

The Russian system of federalism is in the midst of a difficult transition from a highly centralized to a more decentralized regime. It is a reasonable proposition that the final solution will somehow be a kind of assignment system, but it is unclear what path will have to be followed to reach that stated goal. The present system of revenue sharing is based on shared taxes and subventions. It is a two-tiered system, with the federal government laying down the rules for central–oblast sharing, and each oblast making the rules for the local governments within its jurisdiction. This paper updates a World Bank analysis of the revenue-sharing system in the Russian Federation, using actual data for 1992 and the most current tax-sharing rules and adds some empirical evidence to what is known about the intra-oblast dimension of revenue sharing.

For hundreds of years, this continent's Indians shared a spiritual belief that they must respect and protect their Mother Earth above all else. Today, however, many tribes no longer view the environment as a bank of natural resources that they must shield and shelter at any cost. Instead, the economic pressures of the twentieth century-particularly underdevelopment, unemployment, and poverty -are forcing a growing number of Indian tribes to exchange the spiritual view of their once pristine environment for a commercial one. This shift from nurturing nature to exploiting the environment on a growing number of reservations results largely from a legal loophole that permits nonnatives to pollute inside Indian country in ways they could not elsewhere.

Racially patterned voting can be spurious (based on racially neutral criteria), racist (based solely on race), or racial (based on political, tactical, symbolic, or value-based deliberations in which race is an important consideration). In this article the author assesses the relationship between race and voting in the 140 precincts of the District of Columbia, focusing on competitive elections between 1978 and 1990. Race is an extremely potent and tenacious factor in structuring electoral patterns, but this reflects context-specific calculations mediated by strong group identity and shared assessments of the political environment.

Cultures are dynamic, shared mindsets that, in organizational settings, are usually believed to be nationally or organizationally based. In this paper, the existence of industry cultures is explored. Previous studies of industry-based cognitive constructs have narrowly focused on top managers' mental models for strategic decision making. Here, broad-based assumption sets comprising the cultural knowledge widely shared among organizational participants within two industries (fine arts museums and California wineries) are surfaced and compared. A cognitive definition of culture and a modified ethnographic methodology frame the inquiry. The research process balances the requirements of the inductive method with the logistics of doing research in settings as broad in scope as "industry" and into issues as amorphous as "culture in modern organizations." This process involves the selection and in-depth interviewing of 96 informants in 12 organizations, representing a cross-section of members of these two industries. The distinct assumption sets that surface for each industry demonstrate, among other things, substantial differences in conceptualizations of membership, competition, the origins of "truth," the purpose of work, and the nature of work relationships. The findings suggest that the current narrow focus in research on industry-based cognitive constructs can be productively broadened to include a fuller range of cultural elements and a wider set of industry participants. The surfacing of distinct industry mindsets reinforces the emerging belief that a multiplicity of dynamic, shared mindsets exist within an organization's environment. A new cognitive lens—that of industry—is offered, through which scholars and managers alike can view behavior in organizational settings.

AbstractThis article examines the role that building and using a system dynamics model plays in developing consensus within management teams facing key strategic decisions: A shared view emerges within the team as individual views of the company, its industry, and the socioeconomic climate are articulated and compared. Examples are given based on two actual consulting assignments in which differing views concerning the competitive environment and the general business outlook initially pointed to quite different strategies. The emergence of consensus was considered a major benefit in addition to the forecasts and quantitative evaluations the model provided. In its analysis and examples, this article emphasizes both the "hard" benefits of forecasts and an objective framework for quantitative evaluations and the "soft" benefits of building consensus within management teams.

In this paper, we look at how people working in a governmental labor inspection agency tailor their shared PC environment. Starting with standard off-the-shelf software, the tailors adapt that software to the particular workplace in which they are embedded, at the same time that they modify and extend the practices of that workplace. Over time, their adaptations and the tailoring processes themselves become structured and systematized within the organization. This tendency toward systematization is in part a response to the requirement that the results of tailoring be sharable across groups of users. Our study focuses on several dimensions of the work of tailoring: construction, organizational change, learning, and politics. We draw two kinds of lessons for system development: how better to support the work of tailors, and how system developers can learn from and cooperate with tailors.

Through the use of indepth interviews, this study examines the impact of migration, from one social-economic mitieu to another, on family dynamics among 20 immigrant Italian couples in Toronto. Specifically highlighting the effects of wives' wage employment on the division of family work and decision-making power, the authors question the argument that migration results in egalitarian gender dynamics within immigrant families. In doing so, they identify three distinct patterns of wife-husband relations among immigrant families: I) Sexsegregated division of family work and unequal power relations; 2) Sex-segregated division of labour and greater sharing of power; 3) Sex-transcendent division of labour and shared power under extenuating circumstances. Based on these findings, the authors argue that changes taking place as a result of migration are reflective of adaptation to new demands within the context of a new social and economic environment.

ABSTRACTGlobal information technology (i.e., computer hardware, software, and data communications shared across country boundaries) can support the multinational firm as it seeks to coordinate global operations, diffuse innovations worldwide, or provide integrated service to a global corporate customer. The current study uses information processing theory as the basis for examining alternative organizational designs for information technology in a globally competing firm. Mail survey data gathered from information technology managers in 109 multinationals provide evidence that multinational firms use different and distinct ways of organizing their global information technology activities. The survey data also reveal that in nearly half of the organizations, the way information technology activities are organized is inconsistent with the way the organization is reportedly structured. A follow‐up interview‐based study sought explanations for these misfits. Several contingency variables were identified that may shed some light to the misfits. These included factors from both the firm's internal and external environments.