Suchergebnisse

Is the community a purveyor of revolutionary change, a defender of the status quo, or a combination of both?

Throughout Islamic history, we observe enmity and conflicts between Sunnism and Shiism, nonetheless there has been also reconciliation between these sects. This article examines the opportunities and challenges of Sunni-Shia convergence in Indonesia. Such a picture will reveal a better understanding of the features of Sunni-Shia convergence in the country and their relationship with the notion of 'Indonesian Islam'. The hostility between Shiism and Sunnism in Indonesia is triggered by misunderstandings between these sects, politicisation of Shiism, as well as geopolitical tensions in the Middle East. These constitute the challenges of Sunni-Shia convergence. One may also observe the ventures of Sunni-Shia convergence which have been undertaken by the scholars of the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah, and other Islamic civil society organisations. Grounding on these enterprises and the enduring elaboration of 'Indonesian Islam', the opportunities of and the prospects for Sunni-Shia rapprochement in the country are envisaged.

Shiism: The Key to Regional Realignment -- 1. The Clergy: A Key Element -- The training and organisation of the clergy -- Najaf and Qom: Shiism's twin cradles -- The clergy and politics: Permanent revolution? -- Shia Political Islam at the heart of the clerical institution in Iraq -- Factional quarrels -- The Iranian clergy and the state -- Clergy and laity: A "structuring cleavage" -- 2. Transnational Networks -- Al-Da'wa on the national and transnational plane -- The Najaf connection in Lebanon and Bahrain -- The marja'iyya and the merchant notability of the Gulf -- Suppression and exile -- The Shirazists: The other transnational network -- Musa al-Sadr in Lebanon: A family story -- 3. The Islamic Republic of Iran: A Disputed Model -- The export of the revolution by the Shirazists -- Iran's policy in Lebanon: The birth of Hezbollah -- Hezbollah as a transnational network -- Iranian foreign policy and the Shia movements -- The Shia movements and quarrels within the marja'iyya -- Iran: The pros and the antis -- 4. The Post Saddam Era -- The Iraqi Shia movements and Iran from 2003: From ideology to tactics -- The reasons for conflict between Sunnis and Shias in Bahrain -- The Shias as supporters of the throne in Saudi Arabia -- Lebanon: The stumbling block for the dynamic of domestification? -- Conclusion: Towards The Secularisation of Shia Political Islam -- The gap widens between clerics and laymen -- The marja'iyya in politics -- The rise of millenarianism -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

The article sheds light on th increasing Shiite discontent with their subordinate position in the state during the last years of the monarchical regime in Iraq. Sunni fear of Shiite encroachment on ministries and positions of power inside the government ran high particularly under the premierships of Salih Jabr and Tawfiq as-Suwaydi in the last 40s and early 50s. The article includes a lengthy and hitherto unpublished despatch from the then British ambassador at Baghdad, Sir Henry Mack, in which what is considered to be an exception in British diplomacy full notice is taken of the above problem so central to Iraqi politics. (DÜI-Asd)

Toby Matthiesen traces the politics of the Shia in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia from the nineteenth century until the present day. This book outlines the difficult experiences of being Shia in a Wahhabi state, and casts new light on how the Shia have mobilised politically to change their position. Shia petitioned the rulers, joined secular opposition parties and founded Islamist movements. Most Saudi Shia opposition activists profited from an amnesty in 1993 and subsequently found a place in civil society and the public sphere. However, since 2011 a new Shia protest movement has again challenged the state. The Other Saudis shows how exclusionary state practices created an internal Other and how sectarian discrimination has strengthened Shia communal identities. The book is based on little-known Arabic sources, extensive fieldwork in Saudi Arabia and interviews with key activists. Of immense geopolitical importance, the oil-rich Eastern Province is a crucial but little known factor in regional politics and Gulf security

Moghadam, Assaf: Introduction. - S. 1-21 Part I: Historical, doctrinal and religious context 1. Rahimi, Babak: The rise of Shia ideology in pre-revolutionary Iran. - S. 25-48 2. Menashri, David: Ayatollah Khomeini and the Velayat-e Faqih. - S. 49-69 Part II: Trends and patterns in the Shii heartland and beyond 3. Vakil, Sanam: Iran. - S. 73-94 4. Visser, Reidar: Iraq. - S. 95-111 5. Berti, Benedetta: Lebanon. - S. 112-134 6. Jones, Toby: Saudi Arabia. - S. 135-154 7. Abbas, Hassan: Pakistan. - S. 155-180 8. Williams, Brian Glyn: Afghanistan.- S. 181-200 9. Rabi, Uzi: Kuwait and Bahrain. - S. 201-216 Moghadam, Assaf: Conclusion: trends, types and drivers of militancy among Shiis. - S. 217-236