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Abstract
Since the political upheavals in Mongolia in 1989, the traditional Tibetan-Mongolian protective deity Dorj-Shugden has been rediscovered. Today the Buddhist monasteries Delgeriin khiid, Amarbayasgalant Monastery and Tögsbayasgalant töv venerate him. This paper analyses the role of this deity with particular emphasis on Gungaachoilinig datsan in Gandandegchilin and the Amarbayasgalant Monastery in Mongolia, based on ethnographic fieldwork and semi-structured interviews with monks from six monasteries and visitors of Amarbayasgalant conducted in 2016, 2019 and 2020. The paper also outlines the current state of research, including recent Mongolian literature. Finally, it presents findings about him sourced from social media. By exploring pro- and anti-Shugden religious practices, this article sheds some light on the Shugden controversy in contemporary Mongolian Buddhism.

En 1997 asesinaron al director de la Escuela de Dialéctica Budista y otros dos monjes. La policía señaló a devotos del gyalpo Shugden, divinidad de aspecto demoniaco y símbolo actual de la asociación entre una secta tibetana y las autoridades de Pekín. Juntos intentan transformar el carácter del budismo y, a la muerte del Dalai Lama, remplazarlo con una fi gura políticamente maleable, devota de Shugden —como sucedió con la nominación china del Panchen Lama—. A pesar de la proliferación de numerosos templos dedicados a dicho espíritu, la población sigue siendo fi el a las antiguas tradiciones y al Dalai Lama. ; In 1997 the head of the School of Buddhist Dialectics and two monks were assassinated. Th e police pointed to devotees of gyalpo Shugden, divinity of demoniac aspect that is the present symbol of the unholy Alliance between a Tibetan sect and Peking authorities. Together they intend to transform the character of Buddhism and, upon the Dalai Lama's death, replace him with a politically malleable fi gure that is a Shugden devotee—as happened with the Chinese nomination of the Panchen lama. Despite the proliferation of temples devoted to Shugden, the people keep faithful to the ancient traditions and the Dalai Lama. ; 31-41 ; bultrini@gmail.com ; semestral

The vast majority of books on Buddhism describe the Buddha using the word enlightened, rather than awakened. This bias has resulted in Buddhism becoming generally perceived as the eponymous religion of enlightenment. Beyond Enlightenment is a sophisticated study of some of the underlying assumptions involved in the study of Buddhism (especially, but not exclusively, in the West). It investigates the tendency of most scholars to ground their study of Buddhism in these particular assumptions about the Buddha's enlightenment and a particular understanding of religion, which is traced back through Western orientalists to the Enlightenment and the Protestant Reformation. Placing a distinct emphasis on Indian Buddhism, Richard Cohen adeptly creates a work that will appeal to those with an interest in Buddhism and India and also scholars of religion and history.

Although generally considered a tolerant or even an ultra-pacifistic religion,
contemporary Buddhism is far from being free from internal political-religious tensions.
The present article sketches three conflicts: the first is located within the Kagyüpaline
where two sub-currents argue about the legitimacy of the spiritual leader of the
school; the second refers to the controversy over Dorje Shugden, a protective deity whose veneration was declared dangerous by the Dalai Lama and other leaders of the Guelugpa-school in opposition to the defenders of this religious practice; the third one is the dispute over Soka Gakkai whose status as a modern representative of Nichiren Buddhism is questioned by other Japanese Buddhist groups. After having laid out the basic characteristics of the three conflicts the article deals with their impact on contemporary Brazilian Buddhism.

Representing the common good: the limits of legal language / Kirsten Hastrup -- Two approaches to rights and religion in contemporary France / John R. Bowen -- This turbulent priest: contesting religious rights and the state in the Tibetan Shugden controversy / Martin A. Mills -- Legal/illegal counterpoints: subjecthood and subjectivity in an unrecognized state / Yael Navaro-Yashin -- Anthropologists as expert witnesses: political asylum cases involving Sri Lankan Tamils / Anthony Good -- Voices from the margins: knowledge and interpellation in Israeli human rights protests / Richard W.J. Clarke -- The uncertain political limits of cultural claims: minority rights politics in south-east Europe / Jane K. Cowan -- Using rights to measure wrongs: a case study of method and moral in the work of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission / Fiona C. Ross -- Reproduction, health, rights: connections and disconnections / Maya Unnithan-Kumar -- Rights and the poor / John Gledhill -- The rights of being human / Lisette Josephides.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of illustrations -- List of contributors -- 1. How do religious and other ideological minorities respond to uncertainties? -- 2. Certain beliefs and uncertain evidence: The case of Shugden -- 3. The Muslim Brotherhood and uncertainty: Resistance, civil society, and politics -- 4. Failures and successes: A Japanese new religion's reactions to uncertainty -- 5. Extreme movements under extreme pressure: British fascists and uncertainty during World War Two -- 6. An uncertain future: The issue of succession in the International Society for Krishna Consciousness -- 7. The unknown creed: Punk and political uncertainty in Northern Ireland -- 8. Consequences of dramatic doctrinal change: The Worldwide Church of God -- 9. Distinguishing the conditions of violent reaction in esoteric minority religions -- 10. Scientology and times of uncertainty -- 11. (Un)certain responses to colonial dissonance: The Philadelphia bombing of MOVE and the Unitarian Universalist Association's Right Relationship Team -- 12. Conspiracy narratives as response to uncertainty in minority religions -- 13. Who can we dialogue with? Seeking effective interfaith development: the Inter Faith Network for the UK -- Index.