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本論文從兩個方面研究了1996年美國福利制度改革對單身母親的影響。首先,本文研究了在SSI和AFDC/TANF兩個政府福利計劃之間是否存在替代效應。其次,本文研究了福利制度改革是否令到更多的單身母親變得邊緣化(沒有參與工作亦沒有領取政府福利),以及研究她們的長期生活情況。利用美國三個具代表性的調查數據庫, difference-in-difference分析以及logistic回歸分析方法,本文有以下四點結論:(一)SSI和AFDC計劃之間並不存在替代效應;(二)對AFDC/TANF計劃實行五年的領取期限令到部分單身母親變得邊緣化;(三)在年福利改革之後,被邊緣化的單身母親在食物消費上並沒有發生太大的變化;(四)被邊緣化的單身母親傾向將她們多餘的時間分配在個人娛樂方面而不是在家務和照顧小孩上面。雖然年的福利改革成功地減少了領取/計劃的人數,但政策制定者仍需注意改革令到更多的單身母親變得邊緣化,同時應制定相關政策來幫助她們。 ; This paper studies the effect of the 1996 welfare reform on single mothers, focusing on two important aspects. First, it examines the existence of programme substitution between SSI and former AFDC/TANF recipients after the reform. Second, it examines the prevalence of single mothers who were disconnected from government assistance and the job market since the reform and evaluates their long-term well-being. Using three major nationally representative surveys, difference-in-difference analysis, and logistic regression models, I arrive at four main findings. First, I find no evidence of a programme substitution effect between AFDC/TANF and SSI. Second, the five-year time limit policy is suggested as being responsible for part of the increase in the disconnected rate among single mothers. Third, disconnected single mothers did not face a food insecurity problem after welfare reform. Fourth, disconnected single mothers allocate much more time to personal entertainment than to productive activities such as housework and child care. While the 1996 welfare reform has succeeded in reducing AFDC/TANF caseloads, policy makers should pay attention to its effects on the disconnectedness of single mothers and help such women leave their disconnected status. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Hoi, Kam Un. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-62). ; Abstracts also in Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.ii ; 摘要 --- p.iii ; Acknowledgements --- p.iv ; Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 2 --- The AFDC Programme and the 1996 Welfare ...

退貨産品在國民經濟中發揮重要作用,近些年來在工業界和學術界引起廣泛關注。由于受到退貨産品的巨大經濟潛能驅動以及迫于相關法律的強大壓力,企業開始積極整合現有供應鏈流程和産品退貨流程,但是在這個過程中生産計劃和庫存管理運營遇到了前所未有的挑戰。本論文分析了可修護單壹産品的多周期庫存系統管理問題,其中該庫存系統包含隨機的新産品需求和産品保修需求。所探討的系統還包含了以下特征: i. 産品供應源的完美替換。新訂購産品和維修後的退貨産品並無二異。ii. 需求優先級。在單個周期內,新産品需求優先級高于保修需求。iii. 新産品訂購和退貨産品維修特性。兩項流程交付時間都假設爲零。在每個周期中,維修退貨産品過程涉及且考慮維修損失。我們探尋到了所考察系統的最優庫存補貨和處理控制策略。 ; Product returns play an important role in the economy and have attracted more and more attention both from industry and academia in the past few years. Motivated by enormous economic potential of and dramatic legislation pressure on product returns, companies today actively integrate product-return processes with their existing forward supply-chain processes, but must confront the considerable challenge of production planning and inventory control problems compared to traditional problems without returns and repairs. ; This thesis analyzes a multi-period single-item repairable inventory system with stochastic new and warranty demands. The system investigated has the following features: i. perfect substitution of supply sources. Newly-procured items are indistinguishable from items repaired from repairable warranty returns. ii. demand priority. New demand has higher priority than warranty demand within a period and thus needs to be satisfied first. iii. properties on the processes of purchasing and repairing. We assume zero lead-time for both processes. Further we capture the "repair loss" in repairing returns in each period. We identify the optimal inventory replenishment and disposal policies for the investigated system. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Lin, Yizhong. ; Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-87). ; Abstracts also in Chinese.

The Natural Bounty of China is an important book series of 60 titles that comprehensively documents the vast diversity of China's natural resources. China recognizes more than 1,600 products unique to the country - known as geographical indication products. This series describes these products in detail, with each single volume focusing on a particular region of China and the unique products cultivated there, such as Changbaishan ginseng in northeast China to the bean paste of Pixian (the "soul of Sichuan cuisine") in the southwest. From the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang to history-steeped Shandong and gorgeously scenic Yunnan, almost every place in the country has produced something that is readily identifiable with it. This series not only makes a major contribution to our understanding of the geography and agriculture of China, but also gives us a greater appreciation of Chinese culture as a whole. This volume looks at the abundant resources and products of China's historic capital city, Beijing.

The Natural Bounty of China is an important book series of 60 titles that comprehensively documents the vast diversity of China's natural resources. China recognizes more than 1,600 products unique to the country - known as geographical indication products. This series describes these products in detail, with each single volume focusing on a particular region of China and the unique products cultivated there, such as Changbaishan ginseng in northeast China to the bean paste of Pixian (the "soul of Sichuan cuisine") in the southwest. From the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang to history-steeped Shandong and gorgeously scenic Yunnan, almost every place in the country has produced something that is readily identifiable with it. This series not only makes a major contribution to our understanding of the geography and agriculture of China, but also gives us a greater appreciation of Chinese culture as a whole. This volume looks at the abundant resources and products from the birthplace of Chinese civilization, Inner Mongolia.

The Natural Bounty of China is an important book series of 60 titles that comprehensively documents the vast diversity of China's natural resources. China recognizes more than 1,600 products unique to the country - known as geographical indication products. This series describes these products in detail, with each single volume focusing on a particular region of China and the unique products cultivated there, such as Changbaishan ginseng in northeast China to the bean paste of Pixian (the "soul of Sichuan cuisine") in the southwest. From the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang to history-steeped Shandong and gorgeously scenic Yunnan, almost every place in the country has produced something that is readily identifiable with it. This series not only makes a major contribution to our understanding of the geography and agriculture of China, but also gives us a greater appreciation of Chinese culture as a whole. This volume looks at the abundant resources and products of Shanghai, the 'Pearl of the Orient'.

The Natural Bounty of China is an important book series of 60 titles that comprehensively documents the vast diversity of China's natural resources. China recognizes more than 1,600 products unique to the country - known as geographical indication products. This series describes these products in detail, with each single volume focusing on a particular region of China and the unique products cultivated there, such as Changbaishan ginseng in northeast China to the bean paste of Pixian (the "soul of Sichuan cuisine") in the southwest. From the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang to history-steeped Shandong and gorgeously scenic Yunnan, almost every place in the country has produced something that is readily identifiable with it. This series not only makes a major contribution to our understanding of the geography and agriculture of China, but also gives us a greater appreciation of Chinese culture as a whole. This volume looks at the abundant resources and products of Tibet, the 'Roof of the World'.

The formidable task accomplished by the members of the (jing-jiao) or "luminous teaching" community during the Tang Dynasty in China (618-907 CE), chronologically constitutes the first documented engagement between Jesus' message and the Chinese people. The entire group of Jingjiao manuscripts can be designated as the Corpus Nestorianum Sinicum, and two documents, the "Thus have I heard: On the listening of the Messiah", and also the "Discourse on the One-God", represent the main goal of investigation throughout this dissertation. As a preparatory step, the writer deemed it necessary to elaborate an interlinear version, in which the manuscripts were transcribed in sequential order and numerically organized by columns. Then, he was able to single out the different stages of development and the background in their composition of the final product that has been transmitted to us in the "Takakusu and Tomioka manuscripts" respectively. The theological value of the study focused on the individuation, exposition, and explanation of the "Christian Godhead, Christological, and Soteriological Concepts" that were contextualized using Chinese Buddhist, Daoist, and Confucian technical terms within both documents. Moreover, based on modern Chinese transcriptions and different translations with a more specific philological and historical approach, the author has included his own theological translation underlining the core faith elements of the Jingjiao community. Finally, for a deeper understanding and interpretation, the writer also has integrated a "proposed reading structure" that is the principal hermeneutical tool-key to approach both manuscripts within a new theological outlook and in the viewpoint of a new redating and authorship.

Brian Chan Hok-shing. ; Thesis (M.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Abstract ; Acknowledgements ; Chapter 1. --- Introduction ; Chapter 1.1 --- "Defining ""Code´ؤmixing""" ; Chapter 1.2 --- Code-mixing in Hong Kong ; Chapter 1.3 --- Aims and Objectives ; Chapter 2. --- Syntactic Constraints on CM ; Chapter 2.1 --- Language-universal constraints ; Chapter 2.1.1 --- The Free Morpheme constraint ; Chapter 2.1.2 --- The Equivalence constraint ; Chapter 2.1.3 --- The Government constraint ; Chapter 2.1.4 --- The Matrix Code Principle ; Chapter 2.1.5 --- The Dual Structure Principle ; Chapter 2.2 --- Language´ؤspecific constraints ; Chapter 2.2.1 --- """Closed-Class"" word constraint" ; Chapter 2.2.2 --- "The ""fragment"" constraint" ; Chapter 2.2.3 --- "The ""innermost"" constituent constraint" ; Chapter 3. --- A Linguistic Description of Cantonese -English code- mixing ; Chapter 3.1 --- Data ; Chapter 3.2 --- The major patterns and the minor patterns ; Chapter 3.3 --- The major patterns: single word cases ; Chapter 3.3.1 --- Verb-mixing ; Chapter 3.3.2 --- Noun-mixing ; Chapter 3.3.3 --- Adjective or adverb-mixing ; Chapter 3.3.4 --- Preposition or conjunction-mixing ; Chapter 3.4 --- The minor patterns: fragments ; Chapter 3.4.1 --- Form and structure ; Chapter 3.4.2 --- Cantonese fragments under English phrase structure ; Chapter 4. --- Critique of the major constraints and principles ; Chapter 4.1 --- The Free Morpheme constraint ; Chapter 4.2 --- The Equivalence constraint ; Chapter 4.3 --- The Government constraint ; Chapter 4.4 --- The Matrix Code principle ; Chapter 4.5 --- The Dual Structure principle ; Chapter 5. --- Revised constraints ; Chapter 5.1 --- The Category Equivalence constraint ; Chapter 5.1.1 --- Generalizations from the patterns ; Chapter 5.1.2 --- Rationale of the Category Equivalence constraint ; Chapter 5.1.3 --- Categorical non-equivalence ; Chapter 5.1.4 --- Insufficiency ; Chapter 5.2 --- The Bound Morpheme constraint ; Chapter 5.3 --- ...

Yick, Man Kin. ; "August 2011." ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves [193]-212). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese; appendix includes Chinese. ; Abstract in English --- p.iii ; Abstract in Chinese --- p.v ; Acknowledgement --- p.vii ; Contents --- p.x ; Abbreviations --- p.xiii ; "Lists of Tables, figures and graph" --- p.xv ; Chapter Section 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Purpose of the study --- p.4 ; Chapter Section 2 --- Historical development of social welfare sector and YWCA --- p.5 ; Conceptualizing NGOs --- p.5 ; Early colonial period to WWII: Formation of charity organization under minimal welfare provision of the government --- p.7 ; Post-WWII to 1960s: Government in need of SSOs for relief work and against communism --- p.9 ; 1960s to 1990s: Expansion of social welfare and state incorporation of SSOs --- p.10 ; From the 1990s: Towards a contractual relationship between SSOs and government in uncertain times --- p.12 ; YWCA has followed the footsteps of social service sector --- p.16 ; Chapter Section 3 --- Conceptualizing legitimacy repair --- p.18 ; Why legitimacy? --- p.18 ; Conceptualizing and defining legitimacy --- p.20 ; Typology of legitimacy --- p.22 ; Measurements of legitimacy --- p.25 ; Legitimacy repair --- p.25 ; Stakeholder and stakeholder politics --- p.28 ; Chapter Section 4 --- Analytical framework --- p.32 ; Determinants of degree of consistency of legitimacy repair strategies --- p.32 ; Chapter Section 5 --- Methodology --- p.35 ; A longitudinal single case study --- p.35 ; A qualitative research --- p.36 ; Why TO YWCA? --- p.36 ; Research method --- p.37 ; Field roles and field relations --- p.39 ; Informant selection --- p.40 ; A note on the role of media --- p.41 ; Ethical issues in this study --- p.42 ; Chapter Section 6 --- The setting: Tai 0 --- p.43 ; The administrative-political setting --- p.48 ; Local associations in Tai O --- p.51 ; Chapter Section 7 --- Legitimacy challenge on YWCA during 1988 District ...

Wu, Ka Ming. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-163). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i-iii ; Table of Content --- p.iv-v ; Abbreviations --- p.vi ; Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction: Women and Poverty in Hong Kong --- p.1 ; Poor Women: Where and Who are They? ; Research Purpose and Questions ; Research Methodology ; Some Research Reflections ; Chapter Chapter Two --- "Engendering the Question of Poverty: Power in Economy, State and Discourse" --- p.14 ; Women and Development under Economic Globalization ; Working Daughters Getting Old: The Hong Kong Case ; Hong Kong in the International Political Economy ; Poor Women: The Opposition of Workers and Citizens ; Welfare Perspectives: Three Different Theoretical Streams ; The Political Economy of Welfare State ; Feminist Critique of Welfare State ; Poor Women and Welfare Services in Hong Kong ; The Genealogy of Modern Power: Foucault on Power and Discourse ; Discourse Analysis ; Ideology versus Truth ; The Power of Gaze ; The Welfare Cut: The Poor as Objects of State Intervention ; Power/ Knowledge ; Chapter Chapter Three --- poor Women as Product of Economic Development: Changing Role of Hong Kong in the Global Economy --- p.45 ; Changing Role of Hong Kong in the Global Economy ; Poor Women after Economic Restructuring ; Reproductive Work Positions: Sliding Ranks and Salaries ; No Jobs for Poor Mothers ; Working Poor Mothers: Reconciling Paid Work and Family Responsibility ; Familialism and the Incorporation of Women as Labor ; Capitalist Production of Familialism ; The Matron Workers in the 1970s vs the Disabled Women in the 1990s ; Entering the Information Age in the late 1990s: Poor Women and Development ; Conclusion ; Chapter Chapter Four --- "Women, Poverty and the Welfare System in Hong Kong " --- p.72 ; Concern of Hong Kong Social Policy ; The Myth of Lassie-faire in Social Welfare ; Productivity: Philosophy of Hong Kong Social Welfare ; Single Mothers as Study ...

這項研究的目的旨在探討香港15歲學生在科學素養上的性別差異及這些差異如何影響男女生在選擇以科學作為升學及職業的動機。 ; 本研究的數據取自2006年在本港舉行的香港學生能力國際評估計劃(Programme for International Student Assessment)。該計劃的4645學生樣本取自146所學校,包括:官立、資助及私立學校,以兩階段分層隨機抽樣的方法選取。 ; 學生能力國際評估計劃如其他大型國際評估一樣,其評估框架採用多維試題架構。本研究採用配合該試題架構及樣本結構的多維試題功能(MDIF)及多層中介變項(MLM)兩個研究方法,去了解15歲男女學生在科學素養(認知和情感)上的性別差異及這些差異如何影響男女生在選擇以科學作為升學及職業的動機。比較常用的均差t-檢定,MDIF具備提高各次級量尺的精確度特質,因而可以更有效和準確地計算出男女學生在科學素養上的性別差異。MLM則以Eccles (1983) 的成功期望價值理論為學理基礎去分析和了解這些性別差異如何影響男女生在選取與科學相關的升學途徑和擇業的動機。 ; 要完成MLM的研究,我們必須先使用單組驗證性因子分析(Single-Group CFA)驗證經濟合作與發展組織(OECD)所建構的六項情意因素,包括:「科學上的自我概念」、「科學的個人價值」、「科學的興趣」、「對科學的喜好」、「學習科學的工具性動機」和「將來工作而學習科學的動機」,以便了解使用這些源自西方社會的情意因素在本土研究的可行性及效度。接着使用本土數據去調整這六項情意因素結構。最後利用多組驗證性因子分析(Multiple-Group CFA)去確定這些因素結構對男女生是否都適用(即測量等同檢驗Measurement Invariance Test)。 ; 由單組驗證性因子分析結果得知,六項情意因素,除了要對「科學的興趣」因素作較大幅度的修改外,其他五項因素都具有良好的心理測量特性。而多組驗證性因子分析的結果亦顯示,六項情意因素都能通過測量等同檢驗,亦即這六項因素結構對男女生都適用。 ; 研究結果顯示除了「鑑定形成科學議題」能力外,本港15歲的男生在「解釋科學現象」及「科學證」等科學認知層面上優於女生。在科學情意發展上,男生比女生亦有更好的發展,其效應值(effect size)更高於認知層面。 ; MLM的研究結果與Eccles的成功期望價值理論預測結果吻合,也就是說,男女生在面向未來升學選科和擇業動機上呈現明顯的性別差異,而這些差異主要是透過情意因素(中介變項)間接影響男女生的選擇意向。就這些因素而言,女生在選取科學作為未來升學途徑和職業動機明顯地較男生為弱。 ; 整體而言,驗證性因子分析結果和MLM的研究結果支持源自西方社會的Eccles成功期望價值理論具備跨文化效度,在香港華人社會的研究結果與西方結果基本吻合。 ; 最後,本文作者將根據本研究的結果,向科學教育的工作者、教師、父母、課程發展人員、政策的制定者和考核機構提供一些可行的建議,希望藉此改善香港男女生在科學生涯規劃上的性別差異。 ; The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gender differences of 15-year-old students on scientific literacy and their impacts on students' motivation to pursue science education and careers (Future-oriented Science Motivation) in Hong Kong. ; The data for this study was collected from the Program for International Student Assessment in Hong Kong (HKPISA). It was carried out in 2006. A total of 4,645 students were randomly selected from 146 secondary schools including government, aided and private schools by two-stage stratified sampling method for the assessment. ; HKPISA 2006, like most of other large-scale international assessments, presents its assessment frameworks in multidimensional subscales. To fulfill the requirements of this ...