Suchergebnisse

Die Situation von Müttern in den Slums, die sich in den Großstädten Brasiliens entwickelt haben (Favelas), wird am Beispiel der Favela Lemos Torre in Recife erörtert. Sie hat etwa 900 Einwohner und gehört zu den kleineren der 420 Favelas, die es in Recife inzwischen gibt. Es werden die Realitätserfahrung und die Bewältigungsformen von Müttern untersucht, mit denen sie das Elend des Lebens in einer Favela zu meistern suchen. Wie kommen sie mit ihren vielen Kindern und ihren Männern zurecht, auf die wenig Verlass ist, wenn es um den Unterhalt und die Unterstützung der Familie geht? Das Beziehungsnetz der Familie, in dem die Mütter den dominanten Fokus bilden und das das ökonomische wie das psychologische Überleben mehr oder weniger sicherstellt, wird von brasilianischen Anthropologen und Familiensoziologen "Matrifokalität" genannt. Die sozialpsychologische Dimension des Konzepts der Matrifokalität wird herausgearbeitet. Dazu werden zwei qualitative Interviews, die mit Müttern in der Favela Lemos Torre geführt wurden, analysiert.

This book is a combined report of two research projects. The first report illustrates the squatter problem in Kenya from the colonial times to the present day, its political, economic and cultural factors. It presents a case study of the Majaoni squatter community in Mombasa, Coast Province, and looks at the successes and failures of the Majaoni people in their struggle for recognition and the problems they face. The second report looks at the problem of slums and slum dwellers in relation to land rights and security presenting a comparative review of three case studies: the Korogocho slums and the Kibera slums in Nairobi Province and the Nyalenda/Pandipieri slums in Kisumu. (DÜI-Hff)

Robert Darnton writes that one can read cities as one does texts. Few historians would disagree. After all, the doyen of British urban history, H.J. Dyos, had been 'reading' streetscapes since the 1950s. Moreover, his peers had long felt comfortable with the idea that cities were templates which could in a sense be read in order to extract the historical developments that were 'reflected' in them. A younger generation of urban historians had been enthralled by the release in 1973 of the remarkable two-volumeThe Victorian City, and by the unfolding patterns through which its contributors sought to read the nineteenth-century cityscape. But now, well into the second decade afterThe Victorian City'sfirst publication, it is timely to ask how have historians sought to read? My conclusion is unflattering. It seems to me that historians are awkwardly equipped to interpret the urban past because of their primitive approach to texting the past. Some of the most successful readings of the urban past have drawn less from history than from archaeology, architecture, geography, literary criticism, and cultural anthropology. Such analysis is more directly geared to address the essence of the text: its immediacy to a particular audience. The texts which historians think of familiarly as their own are in fact anchored in the local horizons of people other than ourselves. Their context is not our own. Moreover, their quality is profoundly dynamic. They were tools by which people addressed and sustained common-sense meanings and rhythms amidst the indeterminacies of daily living in ever-changing urban settings.