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AbstractThis article examines the phenomenon of interface governance. It uses two interface technologies—Universal Credit's digital account (United Kingdom) and ArriveCAN (Canada)—to explore how interfaces and their predictable glitches govern relations between state officials and members of the public. Drawing on tools of government literature, it argues that interfaces do not achieve their stated goals evenly (improved efficiency, digital literacy). Instead, they generate several unintended effects, including heightened bureaucratic intensity, diffused responsibility, and even eroded public trust in state agencies. It urges socio-legal and administrative justice scholars to take interfaces seriously and calls on scholars to adopt socio-legal-technical methods to better conceptualize the effects of infrastructure governance and to imagine other possibilities for public administration.

PurposeThis study aims to investigate whether threshold effects exist in the relationship between board gender diversity and firm performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study applies the panel smooth threshold regression model (PSTR) to a sample of 284 non-financial French firms listed on Euronext Paris over the period 2009–2017. Firm performance proxies are Tobin's Q and return on assets (ROA). The board gender diversity is measured by the percentage of women participation in board.FindingsThreshold effects in the relationships between board gender diversity and firm performance measures are found. For Tobin's Q, the model has one threshold at the 34.17% of women directors' appointment on boards. Similarly, for ROA, the model has one threshold at the 38.28% of women presence in the board. The results show that above the estimated threshold, women directorship has a positive impact on firm performance. However, below the threshold, there is a neutral relationship. The findings support the critical mass view that a minimum of one third women representation in board is compulsory to achieve the desired effect of gender diversity.Practical implicationsThis study's finding provides useful insights to managers, investors and policymakers. Managers and investors can identify the adequate board gender diversity levels that enhance firm performance. Policymakers are divided on whether mandatory or voluntary board gender quota should be adopted. This study suggests that a quota of one third can be used in policy implementation.Originality/valueUnlike prior studies that consider the relationship between firm performance and board gender diversity as linear, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the threshold effects in this relationship using a new econometric approach.

With a focus on the energy nexus around a nuclear power plant in peninsular south India that has been under construction since 2002, this chapter revisits Dominic Boyer proposals for how 'electropolitics infuse governance' (2015: 534) with reference to his term, 'energopower'. In the postcolonial context, we have a case of modern governmentality entwined with more direct and authoritarian government that follows on from colonial regimes. With the nuclear power plant, the state has intensified its presence in the region through extra policing, paramilitary presence, and attendant development projects. Such recent phenomena have met with an ambivalent if not outright hostile reception among local communities. The politics of electricity apply differentially to varied constituencies marked by local, national and transnational power relations, provisions and sites through, along and against the grid. Accordingly, Boyer's 'energopower' need be further qualified: from Foucauldian notions of modern governmentality that corresponds most closely with Boyer's energy politics to forms of more direct government in what I have called the raw politics of energy: in an adaptation of both Boyer and Achille Mbembe, necro-energopower.

Purpose
This study aims to test the asymmetric impact of institutional ownership on firm performance. This study does it through an examination of the hypotheses of efficient monitoring and convergence of interests from the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE).


Design/methodology/approach
Using a panel smooth transition regression model, as a new econometric technique, this paper examined the data to explore the asymmetric impact of institutional ownership on firm performance. With regard to 177 firms for the period 2009 to 2018 from TSE. Performance proxies are returned on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and Tobins' Q.


Findings
The empirical for three performance proxies results strongly rejected the null hypothesis of linearity and the test for no remaining nonlinearity indicated a model with one transition function and one threshold parameters. The first regime (levels of institutional ownership below 28.5% and 43.5% for ROA and Tobins' Q) showed that performance increases with institutional ownership while the trend was reversed in the second regime (levels of institutional ownership above 28.5% and 43.5% for ROA and Tobins' Q percent). Also, institutional shareholders percent between 4.2 and 14.1 explain the positive relationship between institutional shareholders and ROE.


Originality/value
Furthermore, the findings of this study suggest that the application of institutional ownership theories calls for more inquiry.

This report provides an analysis of the digital transformation of the public sector as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular the transition towards i-voting. The aim was to analyse how the tools and practises used in the Information Management discipline can be of help in this transition. The insights derived and discussed in this paper from the IT Governance, Business Process Integration, and Cybersecurity perspective are the need for trust, integrity but also transparency. The paper will provide suggestions on how the transition should be approached, and how several practices from these three perspectives can be used to implement solutions to the existing obstacles. The goal of this paper is to provide suggestions for further action or research on this topic, and to make sure that the transition to i-voting will happen as smoothly as possible when the time comes.

There is evidence for mixed effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on corporate financial performance. In particular, evidence is reported to be positive, negative, and insignificant. These controversies are generally explained by two opposing schools of thought, which are the social impact hypothesis and the shift of focus hypothesis. This paper attempts to contribute to the ongoing debate by investigating whether the relationship between CSR and firm financial results is nonlinear. Therefore, this research relies on a panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model in order to calculate the value transition threshold of CSR in 70 Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) firms from 2015 to 2020, using the CSR composite index and various CSR dimensions, which include environmental, social, and governance transition dimensions. Empirical findings indicate that investment in CSR does not help to boost corporate value until it exceeds the value transition threshold. However, when the marginal benefit exceeds the cost, CSR investment becomes a positive contributor to corporate performance. Furthermore, results indicate that the nonlinear relationship persists when using the individual CSR dimensions, i.e., governmental, social, and environmental CSR measurements. Finally, an interesting finding shows that the social CSR dimension is associated with the highest threshold level. Hence, firms should invest more in the social aspects of CSR in order to see their profitability increase.

Purposes - In general, this study aims to analyze the e-financial philosophy towards good governance. In particular, this study analyzes the concept of e-financial terminology; methods of the invention concept of e-finance; and the development of research on the concept of e-finance. Methods - The method used in this study is a qualitative approach. The main source for analyzing and evaluating the concept of e-Finance towards Good governance is the journals published on Google Scholar. Findings - The implementation of e-finance systems in the government must be supported by adequate Human Resources and public trust in the process. It can run well and smoothly related to hardware device support that helps smooth the e-finance system. Keywords - E-finance system, good governance. ; Purposes - In general, this study aims to analyze the e-financial philosophy towards good governance. In particular, this study analyzes the concept of e-financial terminology; methods of the invention concept of e-finance; and the development of research on the concept of e-finance. Methods - The method used in this study is a qualitative approach. The main source for analyzing and evaluating the concept of e-Finance towards Good governance is the journals published on Google Scholar. Findings - The implementation of e-finance systems in the government must be supported by adequate Human Resources and public trust in the process. It can run well and smoothly related to hardware device support that helps smooth the e-finance system. Keywords - E-finance system, good governance.

E-governance has become a well-celebrated trend in developed countries for the last three decades. It is considered an effective instrument to ensure good governance practices in any state. According to the digital state survey, the USA ranked highly in e-governance delivery, Europe ranked second, and Asia ranked third in e-governance among all other regional entities. However, this survey ranked countries on social measures such as e-democracy, e-commerce, e-revenue, e-taxation, etc. Information and communication technology (ICT) has brought a revolutionary change in the performance of governments all over the world. Governments are using ICT for multiple purposes, i.e., they use Government to Employee technology (G2E) to make their communication and correspondence efficient with their employees; they use Government to Government technology (G2G) to make their record-keeping procedures smooth and efficient; and they use Government to Business (G2B) and Business to Government (B2G) technology to create ease in doing business and attract local and foreign investors for economic development. Governments use government-to-citizen technology (G2C) to make service delivery more efficient, responsive, and end-user-friendly. However, for a long time, governments remained reactive to e-governance strategies, but this trend has changed. Now, they are proactive in adopting the e-governance model to ensure better social indicators and a corruption-free society. This study used the descriptive approach to describe the various initiatives undertaken by the current government to enhance the service delivery of the public sector. Therefore, this study has several implications for policymakers wishing to analyze the output of technological initiatives undertaken for good governance.

Good governance is a real drive behind a country's development. It protects the human rights, ensures the justice, maintains law an order and provides equal opportunities to the masses. It provides the fruits of progress and development to all and sundry. Participation, transparency and rule of law, are some essentials of good governance. It is a vital aspect at all levels of society and state. It makes the system of the state effective and efficient. Good governance is not well rooted in Bangladesh due to some challenges. Civil society is trying to focus the concept for smooth development and stability of a country. Because, people of the country enjoy equal rights where there is good governance. Minorities live freely and exercise their religion. Therefore, a welfare state can only exist if there is good governance. JEL Classification Code: K1

China has adopted a proactive and strategic approach to embrace the age of artificial intelligence (AI). This article argues that China's bold AI practices are part of its broad and incoherent adaptation strategy to governance by digital means. AI is part of a digital technology package that the Chinese authoritarian regime has actively employed not only to improve public service, but also to strengthen its authoritarian governance. China's digital progress benefits from its huge internet market, strong state power and weak civil awareness, making it more competitive than western democratic societies where privacy concern restricts their AI development. However, China's ambitious AI plan contains considerable risks; its overall impact depends on how AI affects major sources of political legitimacy including economic growth, social stability and ideology. China's approach is gambling on its success in (a) delivering a booming AI economy, (b) ensuring a smooth social transformation towards the age of AI and (c) proving ideological superiority of its authoritarian and communist values.

China has adopted a proactive and strategic approach to embrace the age of artificial intelligence (AI). This article argues that China's bold AI practices are part of its broad and incoherent adaptation strategy to governance by digital means. AI is part of a digital technology package that the Chinese authoritarian regime has actively employed not only to improve public service, but also to strengthen its authoritarian governance. China's digital progress benefits from its huge internet market, strong state power and weak civil awareness, making it more competitive than western democratic societies where privacy concern restricts their AI development. However, China's ambitious AI plan contains considerable risks; its overall impact depends on how AI affects major sources of political legitimacy including economic growth, social stability and ideology. China's approach is gambling on its success in (a) delivering a booming AI economy, (b) ensuring a smooth social transformation towards the age of AI and (c) proving ideological superiority of its authoritarian and communist values.