Este libro muestra aportaciones obtenidas en el Encuentro Europeo de Jóvenes Investigadores, organizado en abril del 2005 en la Universidad de Alicante, en el cual se reunió a investigadores de diferentes disciplinas y distintos paises del ámbito europeo alrededor del tema: transformaciones sociales en el actual contexto de integración y ampliación de la UE, con especial énfasis en los procesos de la identidad, socialización y migraciones. ; El presente libro ha sido posible gracias a la Ayuda de Grupos I+D+I: "Obets", Ref. GRUPOS03/209; y al proyecto I+D 2004: "Competencia intercultural e integración de los residentes extranjeros europeos en la Comunidad Valenciana. Un análisis diagnóstico y prospectivo de los estereotipos económicos, sociales y políticos y su efecto sobre la inmigración como pull factor" Ref. CV04B-621; ambos financiados por Consellería de Empresa, Universidad y Ciencia, Generalitat Valenciana.
Este libro muestra aportaciones obtenidas en el Encuentro Europeo de Jóvenes Investigadores, organizado en abril del 2005 en la Universidad de Alicante, en el cual se reunió a investigadores de diferentes disciplinas y distintos paises del ámbito europeo alrededor del tema: transformaciones sociales en el actual contexto de integración y ampliación de la UE, con especial énfasis en los procesos de la identidad, socialización y migraciones. ; El presente libro ha sido posible gracias a la Ayuda de Grupos I+D+I: "Obets", Ref. GRUPOS03/209 y al proyecto I+D 2004: "Competencia intercultural e integración de los residentes extranjeros europeos en la Comunidad Valenciana. Un análisis diagnóstico y prospectivo de los estereotipos económicos, sociales y políticos y su efecto sobre la inmigración como pull factor" Ref. CV04B-621 ambos financiados por Consellería de Empresa, Universidad y Ciencia, Generalitat Valenciana.
The purpose of the present work is to widen the debate and encourage future research about the contribution that companies can make to alleviate social problems that have never been as pressing as today. This is the essence of Creating Shared Value (CSV), a new and ground-breaking concept coined by Michael Porter and Mark Kramer (2011) who sparked a global movement to redefine the role of business in society around a simple but powerful idea: business success and social progress are interdependent. My research has been divided into three chapters. The first one is about a brief literature review about the long and diverse history of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), the primordial notion from which CSV started, going through the major contributors who have progressively drawn companies' attention to their moral duty to society. However, CSR falls foul of an intrinsic philanthropic motif that is conventionally at odds with the generation of profit or any financial gain. Therefore, in order to overcome this strong criticism, CSV is presented as a new and flawless approach overcoming all the various limitations of CSR, in which finally social issues represent new business opportunities, not as costly problems to solve. The second chapter is entirely dedicated to the Novartis case study to describe a practical application of the CSV model within a large corporation. Specifically, I analyse the project that Novartis embarked upon, called Arogya Parivar, a social program that offers effective, low-cost medications against infectious and chronic diseases that are prevalent in rural India. By the means of some strategic tools like the Pestle analysis, it might result quite arguable to embark upon an initiative like the one at consideration, as it targets a market that is going through a critical economic juncture and that is affected by political instability. However, it turns out to be a very strategic move when it comes to 'democratizing healthcare' at a profit, an objective that could significantly contribute to the prosperity of that social context and simultaneously lead the entire company to obtain a sustained competitive advantage. In the light of this, Novartis is presented as a starling example of a business implementing a CSV strategy that has been successfully co-creating sustainable financial and social value in India. In the end, I conclude with a forward-looking vision on the future of businesses, which to me is based on the democratization of commerce through an 'inclusive capitalism' that makes sure that globalization will benefit all. There is an incredible value lying right at 'the bottom of the pyramid', which requires though a paradigm shift in the thinking process of the private sector: the poor need no longer to be seen as an intractable problem of capitalism, but as a viable market, a source of innovation and significant market capitalization. In this view, Creating Shared Value represents the only opportunity to bring on the same track the success of a business and the welfare of the community. A company is a such a systemic entity in the context in which it takes action that pursuing adversarial objectives is something that does not benefit any of the parts involved. The business world does not only represent a source of labour supply or of provision of products and services, but also the fundamental engine for innovation and economic development that will unleash an enormous wave of growth for the entire planet.
The article proposes a brief enrichment of the vicende economiche e sociali negli anni di Sociologia del Trabajo. The first paragraph is a subject of economic change, elaborated from the point of view of economic sociology, it is worth saying with reference to the institutional assets that have regulated the interaction of interest in gioco in successivi moment; The second paragraph proves to render an account of how the company has changed in that process, showing the evolution of its structure with reference to its social distancing. The last part is a review of the type of sociology useful to practice now, in the change described above. With the knowledge of all the references available in a vast literature of research, close to segnavia or indizi, I propose a journey in the direction of a rational sociology, it is worth saying a sociology that has a sense of the measurement, is realistic, reformist, impegnant. In a moment when I am aware of the institutional withdrawal, I am responsible for sociology and will collaborate in the strengthening and innovation of the democratic institutions that have been built, and I will contribute, for the part, to the joint asset project for regulation in the change. ; El artículo propone una reconstrucción breve de los cambios económicos y sociales durante los años de Sociología del Trabajo. El primer apartado es un resumen del cambio econónimo, elaborado desde el punto de vista de la Sociología Económica, es decir con referencia a los medios institucionales que han regulado la interacción de los intereses en juego en momentos sucesivos. El apartado segundo intenta en cambio dar cuenta de como ha cambiado, en cambio, la sociedad y muestra la evolución de su estructura en relación con la investigación de la desigualdad social. La última parte es una reflexión sobre el tipo de sociología útil para la práctica hoy, en medio del cambio mostrado anteriormente. Con la elección de algunas referencias disponibles, a partir de una vasta literatura de investigación, buscadas como ...
Contemporary society is undergoing a set of changes and technological innovations. This is the topic of this book. The theoretical starting point of this book is that the complex transition we are witnessing seems to be alike to the rise of the industrial society in the 1800. The today transformations affect the social relationships, shape the social organization, create imbalances and difficulties in adaptation to the new world, meet cultural resistance, require new rules. The book is structured as follows. The first chapter is devoted to the classical theory of social change. The second one deals with the current global transformation trends. The third and fourth chapters focus on the digital processes and innovation technologies as factor of change. The aim is also reconstructing their origins and evolution. The last chapter is devoted to the impact of the digitalization process on the labor market and the organization of work.
Rapid changes are transforming the world and some of these represent the guiding thread of this volume. Unpredictable, dramatic consequences may occur if effective measures are not put in place. Measures that can reverse the destructive course that contemporary civilization is following and with which we are undermining the conditions of existence of that same civilization. By addressing various topics ranging from the cultural construction of modern Norway to the issue of ideological overheating up to young people, the challenge of this volume is to offer a profound reflection on our society.
Se le trasformazioni sociali in atto tendono a esasperare il senso di incertezza, sradicamento ed individualismo, sussistono pratiche che si contrappongono alle tendenze dominanti, finalizzate a ricucire i legami sociali su scala locale. La progettazione urbano-architettonica interiorizza il nuovo bisogno di comunità originando soluzioni abitative tese a favorire gli scambi informali fra vicini, facendo leva sul concetto di capitale sociale, attaccamento al quartiere, identità del luogo e partecipazione. La casa, simbolo di stabilità e sicurezza ma anche di privacy, privatismo familiare, diventa sempre più oggetto di studi, domanda sociale e intervento politico. Soprattutto è sempre più intesa come un nodo di relazioni familiari in una rete di relazioni sociali più ampie. Casa e quartiere incidono nella esperienza di benessere e socialità familiare? In che modo gli spazi urbani e architettonici influenzano la coesione sociale? Quale il ruolo degli abitanti nello sviluppare socialità e integrazione? Sono queste le domande che ci siamo posti per rilevare le dinamiche sociali e culturali dell'abitare attraverso uno studio di caso condotto in due quartieri simili. Dalla ricerca emerge come il significato della casa non sia univoco ma cambi rispetto al ciclo di vita familiare e a quello economico e ciò incide nella partecipazione alle attività di quartiere. Mostriamo inoltre come lo spazio fisico costruito crea importanti opportunità per gli scambi informali e per il benessere familiare e individuale dei bambini ma che, il contesto sociale sia una discriminate fondamentale. Nel quartiere dove è presente una organizzazione di abitanti il numero delle relazioni di vicinato aumenta, cambiano anche la qualità delle relazioni e le distanze fisiche fra i vicini. Emerge inoltre che la reciprocità è il principale strumento di costruzione della coesione comunitaria interna e crea un atteggiamento di apertura e fiducia che va al di là dei confini di quartiere. ; The current social changes enhance the uncertainty, displacement and individualism perception, but at the same time, some practices contrast with the dominant trend. These practices are aimed to create local social ties. For instance, the urban-architectural planning is embodying the growing need for community, developing housing solutions aimed to increase informal neighbors exchanges. So it relies on the terms of social capital, neighborhood attachment, place identity, participation. Home, the symbol of stability and safety, but also, privacy and familiar privatism, increasingly becomes the object of sociological studies, social question and policy action. It is increasingly understood as a node within widest networks of household relationships. In which extent home and neighbourhood community affect to the family well-being and sociability? In which extent the urban-architectural spaces impact on social cohesion levels? What is the role of inhabitants in developing sociability and integration? Starting from these research questions, we explore the social and cultural dynamics of inhabiting, using a case study in two similar planned neighbourhoods. The research findings highlight that the meaning of home is not unique but it changes in function of the family life cycle and economic status. So, the meanings of the home are linked with the neighborhood activities' participation. The findings show that the physic built space creates important chances for informal exchanges, family and children well-being but, also that, the social context is the determinant of the social benefits. Comparing the neighborhoods, the one in which a inhabitants association is present, the number of neighbor relations and the physic distances between them increase, as well as the quality of relations between neighbors improves. Furthermore, it seems that the reciprocity is the principal mean about the constitution of the internal community cohesion and it also creates an openness and trust attitude that goes beyond the neighbourhood boundaries.
This paper analyzes the political communication and the complex relational relationship between the topic and social media. Technological evolution has indeed led to rapid and global change, but this has not been accompanied by adequate forms of regulation. The goal should be to protect our democratic societies and the public institutions that represent them. ; Il presente contributo s'interroga sul tema della comunicazione politica e sul complesso rapporto relazionale che sussiste con i social media. L'evoluzione tecnologica ha difatti portato a un cambiamento rapido e globale che però non è stato accompagnato da forme adeguate di regolazione, il cui compito dovrebbe essere quello di tutelare le nostre società democratiche e le istituzioni pubbliche che le rappresentano.
The theme of sustainable development is an extremely interdisciplinary field of research where biological, engineering, political, economic and social studies are reconnected in a future-oriented cognitive proposal. The aim of this intellectual effort is to give proper attention to the link between peace economics and sustainable development. Although neglected for a long time, the link we highlight here represents such a central point that, if we want to investigate sustainable development from a sociological point of view, we cannot ignore its epistemological nexuses between sociology and peace economics. This means that the perspective from which to address the problem of the implementation of sustainable also changes.
As evinced by the different international analysis the attention to universities, has become an urgent need for the new emerging countries, for those countries that are struggling to overcome conflict and trying to freed from violence, from social and cultural poverty, but also, to a greater extent, for the more advanced countries that towards cultural competition, are facing transnational innovation difficulties. The ability to coagulate multiple resources, to activate processes of intercultural, cultural changes, social and economic transformations, process of mobilization of young people, of researchers by the innovating countries, is the basis of a new idea of democracy. A democracy of: human capital, of resources, of the role of peoples, of institutions and communities, a democracy from the standpoint of the quick changes, mutual and dependent relations that these changes entail. Overcoming the markets constraints of knowledge, the constraints of mobility, of culture, of training, places the universities under a double viewpoint aspect: on one side the ability to interact innovation in its territory and on the other the investment with strategic partnerships, border, network development, capable to build leadership and cooperation. This is an effort that universities must do in the present situation because of competition and innovation that puts them in comparison not only one with the other, but between universities and entreprise, universities and private companies, universities and research bodies and training, universities and the territor. It is in this contest that the different devices of the universities must be reinterpreted in the perspective of qualitative development, effective consultation and transformative impact of cultural and social territories, far and near.
- The area of the GCC is bigger than West Europe. They are one of the major poles of international economy, especially in finance and banking domains. They are the most determining factor in the oil market, not only because of mass production, but also for the reason of their rich resources. - They are newly established countries. Their social-tribal structure and their cultural behavior are not fitting the modern governance. This contrast made and makes a lot of problems that will continue. Their location is one of the most strategic. - Their developments have more external origin than internal, especially from the Arab world: Arab nationalism and Nasserism, the 67 and 73 wars, the 1960's and 70's religious and political developments in Egypt, the Islamic revolution in Iran, the military intervention of US in Afghanistan, the Iran-Iraq war, Kuwait occupation, 11/9, 2003 war, and Arab Spring. And also rise of oil prices, flowage of foreign manpower, vast presence of US military, and rapid modernization. - All these factors strongly affected their cultural and religious attitude. The most Islamic sacred places lie in this region. This reality along with desert and tribal culture caused different reactions since the late 70's. Al-Uteibi and al-Qaeda are good examples, but a large number of their population became extremists and they are now enjoying a great political and financial influence. Certainly, modern communications played a big role. This reality made a new situation in the Arab and Muslim world and even on the international scene. I tried to explain briefly all these developments, including the socio-political stability. It can be done through a clear comprehension of Islamic culture and civilization, Arab peculiarities and their experiences in the modern time, and history of the Arabian Peninsula.
The book addresses the theme of youth climate activism building on the experience of FridaysForFuture activists and analyzing both their social representations of climate change and their social media usage practices. It accounts for the results of a qualitative research carried out with(in) the Roman group of the movement, adopting a solidarity-based epistemic stance that invites reflections both on activism and research practices. Drawing upon social representations theory, the authors analyze how the "Fridays" perceive climate change: as a socio-ecological crisis that comes from afar and has repercussions on the future, as something that affects everything and everyone; but also, as a generational problem whose environmental, social, and economic costs will be paid mainly by young people. On the other hand, guided by the literature on digital activism, the authors explore the way in which the activists inhabit social media: as constitutive environments of activism, where political and media practices define each other; but also, as environments that belong to young people and are characterized by age-specific communication styles. The two experiences related to climate change and the political usages of social media influence each other, giving rise to an unprecedented youth movement for the climate that can tell us about the transformations currently undergoing digital, environmental, and youth activism.
Lisbon Expo 1998 sparked off deep changes, whose economic effects had both relevant local and national impact. The following essay frames the political dynamics that preceded the event, as well as the architectural execution process and development of the Expo ground later known as Parco dos Nações and, finally, its functional re-utilization according to the latest urban fulfillments. Aside, a digression on the importance of hospitality as tourist reception and welcome policy. ; L'autore mette in evidenza le profonde trasformazioni che l'Expo di Lisbona del 1998 ha innescato e quali siano state le principali ricadute economiche tanto a livello cittadino, quanto nazionale. Nella trattazione sono descritte le dinamiche politiche che ne hanno preceduto la realizzazione, il complesso iter architettonico inerente la realizzazione dell'Area Expo, denominata Parco delle Nazioni, e infine il riuso edilizio funzionale dello stesso, in linea con le moderne attuazioni urbane. Il lavoro in oggetto presenta una digressione sul valore che l'ospitalità cittadina rappresenta e quali potenzialità questa possa offrire se finalizzata in chiave turistica.
The article presents the complex and controversial concept of the European social model (Esm) through an analysis of not only its plurality of meanings. Even when the Esm was deeply challenged by the development of globalized competition and the economic crisis, the changes marking the various different European welfare models appeared to converge and push systems towards a hybridization. It is precisely the low level of rigidity with which the construction process of the Esm has been characterized that appears to provide added value as it provides national and local welfare systems with resilience.
The question about education, and about which model of education, belongs to society and moves from it, as well as the answer must go back to society again: education to complexity, critical thinking, responsibility for choices are all possible answers. In other words, we comprehend education as active citizenship, and by citizenship we mean a condition based on respect for oneself, respect for the others and the rules of any community. It is a cultural attitude built on values such as civil and political commitment, and an ethical dimension that implies the conviction that without choice and responsibility there can be no authentic social justice; it is a sense of belonging to democracy and democratic practice as well, where we believe democracy to be the result of opposition first, mediation later. This should be the task of the public School system, and to accomplish this task it is necessary to draw on the cultural richness that comes from its pluralism: this can be done by trained teachers, available to comparison, who know how to dismantle and reassemble disciplinary knowledge and soft skills in an epistemologically correct way, in order to meet the diversified learning needs, providing tools for interaction with reality. This kind of School, therefore, must be considered as an ethical place of education and citizenship, which guides change and transformative processes, inspired by new cultural, social, psycho-pedagogical and organizational models: a School which, as a public service, is already part of a pedagogical and political project. ; La domanda sull'educazione, e su quale modello di educazione, appartiene alla società, è mossa dalla società, così come ad essa deve tornare la risposta: educare alla complessità, al pensiero critico, alla responsabilità delle scelte sono le risposte possibili. In altre parole, consideriamo l'educazione come cittadinanza attiva, intendendo per cittadinanza una condizione definita, fondata sul rispetto di sé, degli altri e delle regole della comunità. Si tratta di un ...
