СВОБОДНЫЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ЗОНЫ: ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БЕЛАРУСЬ ; FREE ECONOMIC ZONES: LEGAL REGULATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS ; NEMOKAMOS EKONOMINĖS ZONOS: BALTARUSIJOS RESPUBLIKOS TEISINIS REGLAMENTAS IR PLĖTROS PERSPEKTYVOS
In: http://oai.elaba.lt/documents/38041816.pdf
In many countries of the world free economic zones have become an important tool for the development of national economies and foreign economic relations. The creation of free economic zones is usually aimed at the liberalization of various types of foreign economic activity. The economy of the current free economic zones has a high degree of openness to the world market, and the customs and tax regimes create favorable conditions for domestic and foreign investments. In this regard, the study of the features of free economic zones, their legal regulation and development prospects in the Republic of Belarus is relevant and has a high theoretical and practical significance. The object of the master's work is the legal regulation of social relations that arise in connection with the functioning of free economic zones in the Republic of Belarus. The purpose of the master's work is to analyze the features of legal regulation and prospects for the development of free economic zones in the Republic of Belarus. Tasks of the master's work: 1) to give a concept, to analyze the legal nature and to consider the types of free economic zones; 2) to characterize the legal basis for the creation and functioning of free economic zones in the Republic of Belarus; 3) to consider the features of the functioning of free economic zones in foreign countries; 4) to analyze the features of the legal status of business entities in free economic zones on the example of free economic zone «Brest»; 5) to determine the position of foreign investors in the free economic zones; 6) to identify problems and to analyze the effectiveness of free economic zones in the Republic of Belarus; 7) to suggest ways to improve the legal regulation of free economic zones. There were used the dialectical method, the methods of formal logic, the comparative historical method, the comparative legal method, the system method and other methods of cognition. The master's work is devoted to the study of the features of free economic zones, their legal regulation and development prospects in the Republic of Belarus It has been found out that all six free economic zones of the Republic of Belarus are complex from the point of view of the scientific principles of classification of free economic zones. It is manifested in the performance of production, export and customs functions. The experience of functioning of free economic zones in foreign countries is analyzed. In particular, it is proved that the success of free economic zones in China is explained by their theoretical soundness and systematicness according to the «point-line-surface» model. The creation of China's free economic zones began with the development of eastern coastal regions with an economy and trade extremely favorable for their development, continued with the creation of free economic zones in the central regions and, finally, in western China. The legal status of business entities in free economic zones on the example of the residents of the FEZ «Brest» is analyzed. The tax, customs and administrative preferences provided for residents of the FEZ «Brest» are indicated. The position of foreign investors in the free economic zone has been determined. The disadvantages and problems of the current investment legislation in the Republic of Belarus are revealed. It is proposed that investments should be understood as any contributions in the object of entrepreneurship. Legal protection should be provided to all investments made for economic purposes. The importance of reforming the law and the need to provide more guarantees and measures for the protection of a foreign investor under the national legal regime are noted. The problems and effectiveness of free economic zones in the Republic of Belarus are analyzed. The advantages for investing in the business of Belarus from the perspective of foreign entrepreneurs are revealed. The ways of improving the legal regulation of free economic zones are proposed. In particular, it is proposed to use the opportunity to establish different legal regimes in each free economic zone in the Republic of Belarus, since there is no point in creating the same special conditions for business activities in different places of such a small state. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that this is a complex scientific work, in which a theoretical study of the legal basis of the activity of free economic zones in the Republic of Belarus on the example of the FEZ «Brest», including the legal regime of foreign investments, is carried out. The master's work may be of interest to researchers, lecturers, lawyers and students.