Suchergebnisse

Il va en quelque sorte s'agir, dans ce texte, de montrer comment, parce qu'elle donne à voir le mouvement d'une pensée tant pratique (les dessins) que théorique (les textes) qui s'interroge à la fois sur le monde social, sur le phénomène politique et sur le phénomène artistique, la complexité de la bande dessinée peut se laisser décanter par la philosophie. C'est donc en fin de compte bel et bien à son rôle originaire de techné (de « technique » selon Aristote), d'outil, que sera renvoyé la philosophie dans ce court article consacré aux albums de Manu Larcenet : le combat ordinaire ; Peer reviewed

The Flesh of Institution. Sociable Conversations and Organisational Structuration in a Trade Union
Gildas Renou
This article explores the variety of internai sociabilities and its influence on the structuration process of political organisations. It is based on an ethnographie study of a French trade union of workers: Sud-PTT. First, the main moments of institutionnal sociability are identified and described (especially the times of congresses). Then we present two styles of sociability characterizing these moments : « remotivation » and « political initiation ». These styles help us to correlate the intensities of implication with the various bounds of groups and cultural subuniverses inside the organisation. Finally we defend the interest of direct observation in the study of activist sociability : it seems to be a relevent method to distinguish efficient mechanisms that empirically determine reactivations and adaptations of internai organisational rifts.

The Earth, My Flesh (Australia)

For Australian Aborigines, the claim to traditional attachments has become the symbol of a sense of individual, community and national identity. Ancestral territorial rights were governed by complex systems, wherein the social organization was linked to itineraries and sacred sites associated with the travels of mythical beings. Today, heated debate is taking place about the legitimacy of lines of descent (matri-, patri- or bilateral). It is hypothesized that this conflict is part of the construction of an identity wherein heterogeneous memberships in local groups, with their linguistic differences, constitute the very condition of Aboriginality. A single place still serves as the pretext for parallel discourses, which differ depending on the context and on the speaker' s place of reference and gender. Changes imposed by colonists or administrators, like variations in population and climate during the past, may be expressed through innovations in ceremonies or myths that have territorial applications. These innovations lie at the very center of the traditional process for updating local identities, wherein body and spirit are intricately related through a sort of image, trace or mark. These signs of the past are a virtual memory of the cosmos, wherein the earth is, like the flesh, a form of inscription.

After referring to the accepted views of totemism, this article outlines the basic differences between the « guilt civilization », represented by Christianity with its linear time, and the « shame civilization », represented by totemism with its mythical time.
The classification system of totemism may not organize its hierarchy with man at the top, but initiation will emphasize man's dual relationship with his ancestors (who are present in the paintings, singing, and dancing, and the final banquet, the ancestor's flesh) and with nature in which he must find his place : through rhythm (the initiated person participates in the time cycle), through dancing (he occupies his place in space), and through ornaments and dancing (he becomes a part of the rhythm and space of nature).
Recalling the importance of the major feasts (pilou, etc.) in these societies who have a display economy rather than a survival one, the A. uses an aesthetic approach to initiation ceremonies to stress the importance of the « double » (in other words, the same). This « double » has the same appearance as the initiated person who with his festive costume (body paintings, ornaments, etc.) becomes « the same », that is, a real man, and through his decorations a creature of beauty. This festive costume and the way it is worn govern the ethics of the totemized person. The A. suggests the neologism « calliontique » (from χαλλος = beautiful, and ών, οντος = creature) to express the particular situation of the totemized person and to help counter the general tendency to limit totemism by associating it exclusively with religious systems.

Diffusion du document : INRA Station d'Economie et Sociologie rurales 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc 35042 Rennes Cedex (FRA) ; Since the beginning of 2000s, in order to let poor people accede to meat consumption, several developingcountries have opened their domestic chicken market to foreign imports, by reducing import tariffs. Thus local chicken meat competes with frozen pieces of chicken imported from the European Union or America, causing the loss of many jobs in the Iocal chicken food chain. In order to highlight the determinants of urban consumer's choice relative to chicken types, and assess the opportunity for local chicken to restore its market share, investigations have been done in 2005 and 2006, in Yaoundé (Cameroon) and at Port-au-Prince (Haiti) applied to 180 urban households in each country. While imported frozen pieces of chicken have almost entirely substituted forthe local chicken which has already quite disappeared in Port-au-Prince, Yaoundé consumers still prefer the local flesh chicken to the imported ones, at least for particular uses.

Diffusion du document : INRA Station d'Economie et Sociologie rurales 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc 35042 Rennes Cedex (FRA) ; Since the beginning of 2000s, in order to let poor people accede to meat consumption, several developingcountries have opened their domestic chicken market to foreign imports, by reducing import tariffs. Thus local chicken meat competes with frozen pieces of chicken imported from the European Union or America, causing the loss of many jobs in the Iocal chicken food chain. In order to highlight the determinants of urban consumer's choice relative to chicken types, and assess the opportunity for local chicken to restore its market share, investigations have been done in 2005 and 2006, in Yaoundé (Cameroon) and at Port-au-Prince (Haiti) applied to 180 urban households in each country. While imported frozen pieces of chicken have almost entirely substituted forthe local chicken which has already quite disappeared in Port-au-Prince, Yaoundé consumers still prefer the local flesh chicken to the imported ones, at least for particular uses.

Hegemony and coercion in Sub-Saharan Africa - Since the colonial era, in certain regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, a distinctive hegemonic process has been afoot. Coercion, intimately linked to practices of subjectivation, is one of this process's key vectors. It is tightly linked to hegemony, particularly where bodies – flesh, bone, blood – are concerned. In social and political interactions, flagellation has functioned as a recurrent form of hegemonic transaction ; it has acted to set the limits of and to citizenship and has played an active role in the administration of labour. This coercion is a composite entity and stems, in part, from the violence of the colonial moment and in part from the economic and political sphere of the slave trade. The whip must be understood as a tool of governmentality, and a very particular governmentality at that : one of the « belly ». It is positioned at a crossroads, where techniques deployed to dominate human beings meet techniques of the self. As such, it bears intimate links both to state formation and to the elaboration of economic worth in contexts of labor production. ; Un processus hégémonique est à l'œuvre, dans certains territoires d'Afrique subsaharienne, depuis le moment colonial. La coercition en est l'un des vecteurs par les effets de subjectivation qu'elle induit. Elle entretient avec l'hégémonie un rapport d'immédiation, notamment corporelle. La pratique de la flagellation dans les rapports sociaux et politiques a fourni un mode récurrent de transaction hégémonique, de délimitation de la citoyenneté, d'administration de la force de travail. De provenance composite, elle s'imbrique à la fois dans la violence du moment colonial et dans l'économie morale et politique de la traite esclavagiste. La « chicotte », en tant que dispositif de la gouvernementalité du « ventre », au point de rencontre entre techniques de domination sur les autres et techniques de soi, renvoie aussi bien à la formation de l'État qu'à celle de la valeur économique du travail.

Hegemony and coercion in Sub-Saharan Africa - Since the colonial era, in certain regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, a distinctive hegemonic process has been afoot. Coercion, intimately linked to practices of subjectivation, is one of this process's key vectors. It is tightly linked to hegemony, particularly where bodies – flesh, bone, blood – are concerned. In social and political interactions, flagellation has functioned as a recurrent form of hegemonic transaction ; it has acted to set the limits of and to citizenship and has played an active role in the administration of labour. This coercion is a composite entity and stems, in part, from the violence of the colonial moment and in part from the economic and political sphere of the slave trade. The whip must be understood as a tool of governmentality, and a very particular governmentality at that : one of the « belly ». It is positioned at a crossroads, where techniques deployed to dominate human beings meet techniques of the self. As such, it bears intimate links both to state formation and to the elaboration of economic worth in contexts of labor production. ; Un processus hégémonique est à l'œuvre, dans certains territoires d'Afrique subsaharienne, depuis le moment colonial. La coercition en est l'un des vecteurs par les effets de subjectivation qu'elle induit. Elle entretient avec l'hégémonie un rapport d'immédiation, notamment corporelle. La pratique de la flagellation dans les rapports sociaux et politiques a fourni un mode récurrent de transaction hégémonique, de délimitation de la citoyenneté, d'administration de la force de travail. De provenance composite, elle s'imbrique à la fois dans la violence du moment colonial et dans l'économie morale et politique de la traite esclavagiste. La « chicotte », en tant que dispositif de la gouvernementalité du « ventre », au point de rencontre entre techniques de domination sur les autres et techniques de soi, renvoie aussi bien à la formation de l'État qu'à celle de la valeur économique du travail.

Developed on the basis of semi-directive interviews and ethnographic observations conducted at Marguerite Yourcenar multimedia library, set in the 15th arrondissement of Paris – that field of inquiry being occasionally expanded to the city's public library network as a whole –, this dissertation deals with authors' interviews in public libraries as a "dispositif", combining approaches from audience, reception and uses studies. As Michel Foucault's concept of "dispositif" (variously translated as "apparatus", "construction" or "deployment") firstly involves a strategic purpose, the first part of the demonstration is devoted to analyzing the librarians' representations, speeches and practices about authors' interviews. Through this kind of cultural activities, these literary mediators tend to place great emphasis on gaining the loyalty of their confirmed readers, thus revealing the limits of their role in democratizing culture. The second part seeks to show how this target audience of the author's speech (as well as of the public policies) is incited to mobilize his "literary capital", thus thrusting a whole public of "uninitiated" readers into the periphery of the mediation process. These culturally dominated people nevertheless equally, albeit differently – their devious, discreet and silent appropriations being the object of the third part –, take their part in reformulating the meaning and the purpose of authors' interviews as a "dispositif". Eventually, the challenge of this dissertation is to consider a phenomenon of "publicization of readership" – namely, the co-construction of the meaning of literary works between readership turned into a physical audience, and the very writer "in flesh and bone" – as it happens in the public space of the library, and beyond. ; À partir d'entretiens semi-directifs et d'observations ethnographiques menés à la médiathèque Marguerite Yourcenar, implantée dans le 15e arrondissement de Paris, en élargissant parfois ce terrain d'enquête au réseau de lecture publique de la ville, ...

"To the Police" is to first protect persons and ensure the public peace, so there is in the mission and the workings of the police something that touches the flesh and the sacred. Beyond the theme, politician or journalist, insecurity, springs specific management policy are subject to a small number of research. However, the French police order is a model of stability and efficiency. Bailiffs and seneschals yesterday, the CRS and gendarmes mobiles today, the police has sovereignty over the centuries in a state to exist as such, not only to exercise its most crucial tasks but also to ensure its own survival. The dissertation aims to highlight the main determinants of the functioning of the virtuous and stainless Police sovereignty. This management structure is based on a powerful symbolic and part of a trilogy myth-ritual-tribe, with the state as a myth. This mechanism could identity, first, to school in other fields of management and public shows, on the other hand, if the limits of the dangers of a tackle on the services invested with particular tasks (for whose objective of protecting the citizen and the nation, which borders sovereign mission to the sacred), managerial ideologies of the mainstream such as management by objectives. The specific factors of the police management of the order have some advantages in terms of mobilization of personnel, supervision of their activities, preservation of an ethical but are in fact not soluble LOLF the management by objectives and ideologies derived managers. Ideologies current managers who assume that all government services can and should enter the ranks of managerial virtuous company, our work meets with an alternative hypothesis: the management of public force "French", based on a myth and a strong sense of manufactures, is a powerful lever managerial, likely to school for public management but also private. ; « Faire la police », c'est d'abord protéger les personnes et garantir la paix publique ; il y a donc dans la mission et le fonctionnement même de la force ...

From July 1915 onwards, leave granted to the front fighters allowed them to spend a few days in the rear. From 6 days in 1915, these leaves increased to 7 days in 1916, then to 10 days in October 1917. Approached from a global perspective, this research seeks to link the social and cultural history of war through the methods of cultural anthropology of social facts, without neglecting the political or military dimensions. The plan followed articulates three levels of analysis, the real, the symbolic and the imaginary, using a very varied corpus of sources. The research is based in particular on the analysis of 200 directories of police station reports in Paris (known as "mains courantes"), which have made it possible to build up a database of some 6,000 pass-holders and 6,000 deserters. Analyses of the social and cultural phenomena linked to permission in the capital use the quantitative study of this abundant source, which provides information on many aspects of the lives of individuals and Parisian neighbourhoods, and is not limited to delinquency. This source thus makes it possible to place the reflection in the perspective of social changes over time. The database has also made it possible to map certain phenomena, such as prostitution, desertion or the relations of soldiers on leave with civilians, women or allied soldiers. Finally, the police reports, which are often consistent, give flesh to an individualised social micro-history.The first part retraces the military, political and administrative construction of the permissions, as well as the logistical stakes of their transport by train, which is also studied from an anthropological perspective. It uses mainly classical military and political sources, but integrates testimonies and representations. The permissions regime set up in 1915 in France was marked throughout the war by permanent improvisation, but evolved and underwent a major reform in October 1916 when the French HQG made permissions a statutory allowance of seven days granted three times a ...

Several films produced after the death of the dictator Franco and Spain's entry into postmodernity show an undeniable penchant among some Spanish film-makers for excess and the extreme. Names like Pedro Almodóvar, Bigas Luna, Álex de la Iglesia, Santiago Segura and Juanma Bajo Ulloa, among others, spring to mind when we wonder about the impression of excess that emanates from part of the cinematographical production of democracy. This work aims to explore the mechanisms and stakes of excess through a collection of full-length films by these five directors. It will contemplate this notion, the keystone of a cinema that deforms and dissolves all limits which at first is elusive, based on the principles of distortion and the extreme. Because it is constantly manipulated, deformed, and even dissected, the body occupies a central place in the aesthetic of excess: the textual migrations and re-elaborations that take place within the filmic body respond to both the outpourings of the bodies of flesh and blood and the excesses of the social body in the different fictional universes. These operations of referential metamorphosis pertain to an eminently postmodern process of recycling, which involves the hybridisation of materials that come from Spanish tradition, on the one hand, with those from contemporary globalised culture on the other. Means of expression of a "Spanishness" that is subjected to the logical transformations of postmodernity, excess constitutes an aesthetic that tends to blur limits, to such a point that it crosses the boundaries of the film to contaminate the extra-cinematographical periphery. ; Un certain nombre de films réalisés après la mort du dictateur Franco et l'entrée de l'Espagne dans la postmodernité témoignent d'une indéniable prédilection de certains cinéastes espagnols pour l'excès et le débordement. Des noms tels que Pedro Almodóvar, Bigas Luna, Álex de la Iglesia, Santiago Segura ou Juanma Bajo Ulloa, entre autres, s'imposent à l'esprit lorsqu'on s'interroge sur l'impression d'outrance ...

International audience ; Islands were studied for a long time as simple peripheral territories, territories which flesh out the seamless continuation of continental logic, meaningless territories without the prism and perspective of metropolitan power. Through the field of the island studies, critical questions cross various island experiences and their context of development and their configurations; or otherwise study specific temporalities, connectivities and materialities, in the context of globalization. To study islands requires taking the measure of these territories, far from any monolithic vision, to analyze their space with regard to their social and political realities, to identify their economic clout and their context of development and the legacies of the history, in consideration of their geographical neighbourhood. It is a question of considering the exogenous logics which make the island and interrogate its internal dynamics.The subject of study is the island, "island" as object, the island in the management of its space, the definition of its territorial project, the positioning of the island in its environmental perspective and the opportunities it enjoys and the strategies it deploys in the globalized economy. The wealth of scholarship of and about islands and island societies extends beyond the simple spatial frame of the island; 'the Island' can be understood as a synecdoche, a convenient, manageable and reasonable microcosm of the continent. ; Les îles ont longtemps été étudiées comme de simples lieux périphériques, inscrits dans le prolongement de logiques continentales ; des espaces dépourvus de sens en dehors du prisme des puissances métropolitaines. A travers le champ des études insulaires, il s'agit désormais de croiser les différentes expériences insulaires, de poser les contextes de développement et d'étudier les configurations et les temporalités spécifiques des îles. Étudier les îles nécessite de prendre la mesure de ces territoires -loin de toute vision monolithique-, d'analyser ...

This article presents them by criticising the thesis of Virginie TOURNAY's book, think about institutional change. Paris evolutionary logic test, PUF, 2014. Virginie TOURNAY is a biologist and researcher in politics at the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) at the CEVIPOF laboratory in Sciences Po Paris, where she teaches pragmatic approaches to public action and sociology of scientific controversy. His latest work, Performing institutional change, is an original, complex but well-argued plea for institutional studies including the individual and ordinary perception of institutional change in the intellectual reconstruction of the institution. This book advocates a plurality of ontology, that is to say, it grants each of those perceptions, whether scientific or daily, the same ontological dignity because the diversity of those perceptions makes it possible to 'do' the institution and give it a consistency. However, if their combined use strengthens the substance of the subject matter, at the same time it causes a disorder in the sense that it leads the actors to interpret the change differently according to the type of perception that the actor will adopt. I personally appreciate this open approach to ontological pluralism as it respects the multifaceted wealth of real life. The book analyses different faces of the institution, but fails to analyse the emotions that go through it. It fails to analyse its shadow share. However, it is common perceptions that define the institution as "a cold monster, a routine and inefficient machine, a world closed on itself, etc.". Finally, Virginie TOURNAY's book speaks of sensitivity, sensations but 'the verb is not flesh'. What is the main cause of this Naples posture? It consists of the use of Philippe Descola's schedule of ontologies. Everything happens as if it apologised the different ontologies so that they could be brought before the court for the western reason. They are implicitly criticised by another ethnologist, of Brazilian nationality, Viveiros de ...

In the issue, now classic, striving to understand the religious situation of France in modern times, the question of church personnel mentalities seems essential. Indeed, members of the parish clergy weld the relationship of the faithful with the Church and God and are obliged to respect an ideal of perfection. Nevertheless, many men of God are above all men and then do not hesitate to renounce their vows of chastity and celibacy, to take mate and act as mere laymen. These behaviors deemed scandalous by the ecclesiastical authorities reflect that reality departs from the synodal legislation, but also the expectation of parishioners; so it is essential to decipher these acts against the attitude defined by religious authorities but also comparisons to reflect various sprains committed to chastity. Observe the clergy in terms of its conformity to legal and judicial standards of his time, consider the ecclesiastical foremost as human, men capable of impulses and feelings toward beings of flesh from the perspective of both diachronic and comparative such is the subject of this thesis. ; Dans la problématique, désormais classique, s'efforçant de comprendre la situation religieuse de la France à l'époque moderne, la question des mentalités du personnel ecclésiastique apparaît comme essentielle. En effet, les membres du clergé paroissial soudent la relation des fidèles avec l'Église et Dieu et sont astreints à respecter un idéal de perfection. Néanmoins, de nombreux hommes de Dieu sont avant tout des hommes et n'hésitent pas alors à renier leurs vœux de chasteté et de célibat, à prendre compagne et à se comporter comme de simples laïcs. Ces comportements jugés scandaleux, par les autorités ecclésiastiques, reflètent combien la réalité s'éloigne de la législation synodale, mais aussi de l'attente des paroissiens ; il est donc essentiel de déchiffrer ces actes par rapport à l'attitude définie par les autorités religieuses mais aussi d'établir des comparaisons afin de rendre compte des diverses entorses à la chasteté ...