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The Nigerian era sees the development of a set of original, corporatist professional organisations, framing professional groups defined by specialised competence and university level diploma, mobilised in support of the national development project. These 'professional unions' are sometimes seen as the heirs of Ottoman corporations. The purpose of this article is to question some theoretical interpretations that have been proposed, based on universal models, and to show the value of an approach inspired by socio-history and the work of Sewell, mindful of the persistence of idiomes through breaks in history. ; International audience The Nasser era saw the development of a number of professional organizations for occupational groups defined by specialized skills and university degrees, and mobilized for the national development project. A favorite object of study for political scientists, these "professional unions" are sometimes regarded as distant heirs of Ottoman guilds. The study focuses on the examination of theoretical interpretations, based on models with universalizing ambitions, and aims at demonstrating the value of an approach inspired by social history and Sewell's work, which takes into account the persistence of idioms through historical discontinuities. ; The Nigerian era sees the development of a set of original, corporatist professional organisations, framing professional groups defined by specialised competence and university level diploma, mobilised in support of the national development project. These 'professional unions' are sometimes seen as the heirs of Ottoman corporations. The purpose of this article is to question some theoretical interpretations that have been proposed, based on universal models, and to show the value of an approach inspired by socio-history and the work of Sewell, mindful of the persistence of idiomes through breaks in history. ; L'époque nassérienne voit le développement d'un ensemble d'organisations professionnelles originales, de type corporatiste, encadrant des ...