Suchergebnisse

Numerous studies highlight the fact that men and women coming from similar social backgrounds tend to have similar religious attitudes and behavior. This fact puts into question the claim that women have a priviledged relationship - usually described with negative overtones - with religion. However, a thorough study of available data raises questions about the linear nature of the homogeneization of religious attitudes according to gender. Indeed, among existing religious measures there are small but recurrent discrepencies, in particular in the fields of the transmission of a religious tradition and of the individual recomposition of religion. Men and women have varying attitudes that illustrate the persistence of a difference linked to gender. It is therefore necessary to study closely the process of socialization according to gender and its effects on the construction of a feminine identity. In these fields, comparative studies higlight a contrasted evolution according to gender, which influences the very concept of equality. They allow us to illustrate two processes of adaptation to modernity which are part of social and cultural changes. Religion thus seems ambivalent. On the one hand by reinforcing the traditional woman/mother model, it proves to be resilient to modernity; on the other hand, as an available ressource it may favor the search for original solutions to confront/manage modernity, in particular for women.

The hypothesis that rational choice theory cannot account for individual voting behavior, unless the act of voting is taken as asserting an individual identification with some collective entity, is examined through an analysis of two surveys of voters (N = 1,000) in the French-speaking Walloon region of Belgium. Strengths of associations between six categories of collective identity (as European, Belgian, francophone, Walloon, subregional, & individual) & four categories of voting pattern by party (Ecological, Socialist, Christian Socialist, & Liberal) are examined in a loglinear analysis. Results show that all but two indicators of collective identity (European & francophone) are significant predictors of voting behavior by party. Ecological Party voters show the weakest collective identity, & robust associations are present between: Belgian identity & Liberal Party; Walloon & subregional identities & Socialist Party; & individualist identity & Christian Socialist Party. Some bipolar effects are also in evidence. 6 Tables. A. Levine

The recent emergence of identity claims in modern politics has transformed the conventional understanding of social justice. While the pursuit of social justice was long perceived as a function of economic redistribution, identity politics now predicates social justice on the political recognition of identity claims. Both visions are often opposed in current theoretical discourse. This conceptual polarization is politically useless & does not correspond to reality: injustice manifests itself simultaneously on both the economic & cultural fronts. Proposed here is a theoretical & normative model that integrates both dimensions of justice in a unified framework. Adapted from the source document.

Nathalie Moine, Passportization, migration statistics and social identity controls. This paper analyzes, firstly, the way in which a planned migration of the rural populations is conceived and implemented. Secondly, it will look into how the statistical data-gathering machinery provides a measurement of the migratory population movements. And, finally, the paper will study how the reasoning that lies behind the introduction of an internal passport (in December 1932) and which is further developed throughout the 1930's, relegates to a position of secondary importance concerns related to the planning and counting of population movements. It may be asked whether "passportization" does not in fact denote a will to reinforce the efficiency of the social identity control of individuals. This would therefore be first and foremost a police measure destined to establish individual files on the population without necessarily being related to the census and the population count, and even less to the regulation of its flux.

For the past twenty years, studies of music have used more and more frequently the notion of identity. Yet the meanings given to "identity" in these studies, and the functions ascribed to it, have not always been precisely defined. This paper tries to clarify the relationship between music and identity configurations. Based on studies dealing with the theory of identity and with musical identities, it suggests that the social significations of music -- identitarian significations included -- must be understood as resulting from the intertwining of production, reception and the musical object itself. Music is not a language, but a symbolical system whose interpretants are infinite, it can consequently generate many diverse interpretations, which vary according to situations and stakes, and it needs to be specifically fashioned to be put to political uses. Adapted from the source document.

Much scholarship on postwar Bosnia uses the Dayton Accords as a yardstick by which to measure the social & political transformations that have occurred over the past ten years. In so doing, such research remains trapped by the political vocabulary & agenda of the "international community," leaving outside the field of analysis such significant phenomena as the changes in social identities that grew out of the war or new clientelistic modes of allocating resources. Only by taking into account these complex factors can we understand the state of contemporary Bosnian society & the true impact of international action, & hence examine the conditions in which a shared political community in Bosnia-Herzegovina is emerging today. Adapted from the source document.

The social sciences are not the "usual" sciences of childhood, compared with clinical, or medical sciences. But they can be very fruitful in the study of children, particularly for their invitation to regard childhood as an historical identity, as a critical moment of socialization, and as a differentiated social reality. We insist here on the last perspective, knowing that it is fully compatible with the two others -- a differentiated historicization and socialization of childhood may be considered. According to us, the social differentiation of children can be analyzed in at least three directions: the "concrete" differentiation of childhoods, the differential identification of children, the childish perception of social differences. We also point out several methodological problems especially linked with the research on children. Adapted from the source document.

An investigation of holistic phenomena (collective or social identities), informed by the social identity theory work of H. Tajfel & J. C. Turner, draws on 6 population surveys conducted 1988-1991 of Ss (N = 6,000) in the Belgian region of Walloon. Wallobarometer surveys are based on a specific operationalization of processual collective identity, ie, a complex concept measured at the individual level -- but part of the projects of social actors, & understood independent of outward appearances. A sociopolitically sensitive method for analyzing variation in groups & classes in one society, survey research can also be applied to macrosocial studies of historical issues. Further implications for survey research are explored, focusing on the greater realism provided by microsocial behavior theories. 5 Tables. Adapted from the source document.