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Abstract:This essay asks what firms are, whether they are 'real' social actors, and whether their actions can be traced without remainder to the actions of living people or whether there is some irreducible aspect of their existence or operation that must be attributed to the organization itself. It describes firms as ongoing, multilateral relational contracts from whose operation – that is, from performance over time by specific individuals in the roles and relationships defined by the contract – emerge the firm's idiosyncratic routines and capabilities. It emphasizes the role of entrepreneurs in the creation of firms and the close dependence of organizational capabilities on human performance, and argues that this account is consistent with a reasonable individualism that allows for social outcomes to be determined by the actions and interaction of individuals. It then proposes that firms are nonethelessinstitutional factsand thus ontologically subjective but epistemically objective components of reality, and concludes with directions for future work.

This present study examined the representation of Social Actors in articles from an online newspaper centroone.com about the flood in Jakarta in 2013 by using van Leeuwen's social actor network (2008). This study employed qualitative method to describe the representation and its significance. The collected data were 9 articles from an online newspaper centroone.com. The data were analyzed in the unit of words and sentences to reveal the representation of the social actors. The study disclosed that in the articles, the social actors were represented through the use of 6 ways, namely proper names, pronouns, social titles, institutions, general groups, and nouns. The representations then indicated 3 significant actors related to the flood in Jakarta in 2013: Joko Widodo, BNPB, and the citizens. Joko Widodo was indicated as the work of the government of Jakarta, BNPB was indicated as the work performed by the institution, not the institution, and the citizens was indicated as the people related to the flood; as the citizens and the victims.Keywords: Social Actors, Critical Discourse Analysis, Representation

The growing challenge to the authority of IGOs is the backlash of the legitimacy crisis currently affecting states, which are increasingly perceived as being unable to deal with major economic, ecological, social, and cultural policy issues. This weakens the IGOs although in fact they offer a possible solution insofar as they are forums and instruments of regional and world governance. One essential condition, however, if this solution is to be realistic and democratic, is that actors representing civil society, not only NGOs but also private‐sector actors (enterprises), should participate. After the economic and ecological protest movements, cultural demands are now growing stronger and constitute a major challenge for UNESCO. Can that organisation, within a relatively short time, identify the cultural actors whose interaction is vital if cultural diversity and individual cultural rights are to be respected? Can it give them their rightful place in its bodies? It is by focusing on this institutional objective and on the communication of knowledge that it can move away from an overly state‐oriented approach.

The growing challenge to the authority of IGOs is the backlash of the legitimacy crisis currently affecting states, which are increasingly perceived as being unable to deal with major economic, ecological, social, & cultural policy issues. This weakens the IGOs, although in fact they offer a possible solution insofar as they are forums & instruments of regional & world governance. One essential condition, however, if this solution is to be realistic & democratic, is that actors representing civil society, not only NGOs but also private-sector actors (enterprises), should participate. After the economic & ecological protest movements, cultural demands are now growing stronger & constitute a major challenge for UNESCO. Can that organization, within a relatively short time, identify the cultural actors whose interaction is vital if cultural diversity & individual cultural rights are to be respected? Can it give them their rightful place in its bodies? It is by focusing on this institutional objective & on the communication of knowledge that it can move away from an overly state-oriented approach. 1 Picture, 12 References. Adapted from the source document.

So little agreement exists on what constitutes sociology that it seems impossible to de?ne its speci?c methods. We can however proceed through a series of eliminations. Light has been shed on many types of social behavior as economic studies have taken more interest in issues of social strati?cation and mobility or in consumer behavior, and as they increasingly incorporate elaborate quantitative analysis into this type of data. Correlations between social statuses and social behavior tell us about the logic of the system, yet not about that of the actors. Hence, we must imagine other methods in order to reach the actor as an autonomous being, as an agent of transformation of his environment and of his own situation, as a creator of imaginary worlds, as capable of referring to absolute values or of being involved in love relations.

Purpose
This paper aims to identify the aspects that social actors consider in constructing shared futures in communities. In their application in emerging countries, especially in the Global South, the socio-cultural particularities of communities and actors are often overlooked, generating friction or social conflicts. This paper presents two critical elements contributing to the debate: the importance of understanding Social Actors within a model of generating community futures in emerging countries; and the relevant factors that influence the actors in an exercise of building futures in communities.


Design/methodology/approach
From qualitative research, a case study of community foresight of the future was used: the future of Puerto Gaitán 2037 (Meta, Colombia). A method of information collection was applied from observation of the participants and analysis of documentation. The analysis method was the deductive qualitative analysis (DQA).


Findings
The participation of the social actors presents a model of five relevant elements that influence the actors for the successful construction of futures in communities. The first four factors, revealed from theory, are presented in real life. Likewise, a fifth factor is proven, Long-term thinking, which is evidenced by a model of application of futures studies for the specific context, applicable to the case of communities in countries of the Global South.


Originality/value
Although there are isolated examples of recommendations regarding studies to generate the future of communities, to the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first study that presents concrete factors that contribute to guiding the construction of community futures from social actors, especially in countries of the Global South such as Colombia. It is also one of the first studies to use the DQA as a method of analysis in a topic of futures studies.