The aim of this study was to identify common determinants of the shape of labour market institutions in the group of 25 post-socialist countries during the transition period. The exclusion of countries' fixed effects (with the use of least squares dummy variable — LSDV model) showed that conducted market reforms (especially the privatisation of state-owned companies and enterprise restructuring) have determined the shape of labour market institutions in post-socialist countries. However, the levels of political liberty, protection of property rights, international trade freedom and government expenditures did not occur to have influenced the labour market institutions in these economies.
Cover -- Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- Acknowledgements -- Notes on Contributors -- Introduction: My Name Is Legion. The Resilience and Endurance of Informality beyond, or in spite of, the State -- Part I: Thinking Informality and Development Writ Large and Small -- 1 Evaluating the Validity of the Contrasting Theoretical Perspectives towards the Informal Economy in Ukraine -- 2 Institutional Transformation and Informality in Azerbaijan and Georgia -- 3 Fighting the Shadows: Lithuania's Informal Workers and the Financial Crisis -- 4 Formal Crutches for Broken Sociality
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The use of the market mechanism against the background of socialist institutions is not inconsistent with the values that define a socialist economy. The market as an allocative device neither entails material incentives of a bourgeois sort nor need it result in a radically unequal distribution of wealth and power. And contrary to the theoretically inadequate and empirically mistaken thesis of technological determinism, the market emphasis on efficiency need not result in an authoritarian organization of the workplace, fragmentation of work, or any other manifestations of alienated labor. Market socialism captures the advantages of the market minus its capitalist shortcomings.
Institution and Inclination in the Post-Socialist Space: Genocide as "Memory Intervention"This article investigates memory discourses around communism in Ukraine and Romania and the manner in which accountability for the past has been mobilized to shape authoritative trauma based memorializations, public appropriations, and increasingly standardized manners of indexing the past. In the last decade, both countries have gone through successive attempts — through memory legislation, historical commissions and historiography — to include these negative historical narratives into an ideational redress in the postsocialist period. Alongside national connotations, I argue that trauma based political projects around memory have become an important site where the narrative of a "European" state is produced. In both national contexts, representations have appropriated and benefitted from more liberal-center representations of memory, which now match the pan-European paradigm of "totalitarianism" introduced by the Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism passed by European Council. This article focuses however on one of the consequences of this transnational dynamics of for representing a renewed, European political space, namely the usage of and appeal to legal notions of memory, such as "genocide", in both public discourse and historiography.Учреждение и склонность в постсоциалистическом пространстве: геноцид как «вмешательство в память»В этой статье исследуются дискурсы памяти, сформированные вокруг коммунизма в Украине и Румынии и способы мобилизации ответственности за прошлое для формирования авторитетных мемориализаций на основе травм, государственных ассигнований и все более стандартизированных способов индексирования прошлого. В последнее десятилетие обе страны прошли через последовательные попытки мемориальные законы, исторические комиссии и истори историографию включить эти негативные исторические повествования в идейные преобразования в постсоциалистический период. Я утверждаю, что наряду с национальными коннотациями, именно основанные на травме и сформированные вокруг памяти политические проекты стали важным местом, где создается повествование о «европейском» государстве. В обоих национальных контекстах представления были усвоены и подданы влиянию более либеральных представлений о памяти, которые теперь соответствуют панъевропейской парадигме «тоталитаризма», введенной Пражской декларацией о европейской совести и коммунизме, принятой Европейским советом. В этой статье, тем не менее, основное внимание уделяется одному из последствий этой транснациональной динамики для формирования представления возобновленного европейского политического пространства, а именно: использование и обращение к правовым понятиям памяти, таким как «геноцид», как в публичном дискурсе, так и в историографии.
