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The aim of this article is to argue about the transition from the risk society to the uncertainty society. In view of the fact that the pandemic from Covid 19 has shown that vulnerability could potentially become a permanent condition, it is appropriate to try to configure uncertainty by choosing a different epistemological key, capable, both to question some of the paradigms on which the organization of the current economic and social systems in industrialized countries insists and to define meanings usefull to build new models of global behavior. Without incurring the error of associating uncertainty with indeterminacy, the challenge inherent in the proposal of a sociology of uncertainty consists in a proof of refutability towards any kind of functionalist logic. Both with respect to analyzes supported by causal relationships and with reference to forms of cognitive rationality focused on the automatic absolutism of numbers, the sociology of uncertainty represents the heuristic bet in opposition to the determinism of any "simple" typology of rational thinking. Through the critical review of the dialectic within which risk sociology has elaborated most of its key concepts and suggested them to other disciplines, the sociology of uncertainty acquires an interesting interdisciplinary value. In addition to providing a meaningful and dynamic interpretation of reality, its interdisciplinary value is essential for assigning a specialized role to social research. Especially with regard to applied sociology, the issue of uncertainty allows to broaden the heuristic horizon and to combine sociology and economy to adopt an approach capable of keeping together the analysis of forms and processes of socialization with that of environmental problems and territorial, and to address the issue of the reduction of inequalities through solutions that guarantee the widening of participation and the increasing of deliberative practices. Upon a methodological approach based on much more awareness, the goal is the promotion of social learnig. This last is foundamental to allows sociology of uncertianty is the management of vulnerabilities in the view either of understanding and interpretation of social phenomena and of defining of local and global policies ; L'intento di questo articolo è argomentare sull'opportunità di un passaggio dalla società del rischio alla società dell'incertezza. In considerazione del fatto che la pandemia da Covid 19 ha dimostrato che la vulnerabilità potrebbe potenzialmente diventare una condizione permanente, è opportuno provare a configurare l'incertezza tramite la scelta di una diversa chiave epistemologica, in grado, tanto di mettere in discussione alcuni dei paradigmi sui quali insiste l'organizzazione degli attuali sistemi economici e sociali nei paesi industrializzati, quanto di procedere all'individuazione di significati intorno ai quali costruire nuovi modelli di comportamento globale. Di conseguenza, la sfida insita nella proposta di una sociologia dell'incertezza, senza in alcun modo incorrere nell'errore di associare l'incertezza con l'indeterminatezza, consiste in una prova di confutabilità nei confronti di ogni genere di logica di matrice funzionalista. Cosicché, sia rispetto alle analisi supportate da relazioni causali sia in riferimento a forme di razionalità cognitiva incentrate sull'automatico assolutismo dei numeri, la sociologia dell'incertezza rappresenta una scommessa euristica in opposizione al determinismo di qualsiasi tipologia pensiero raziocinante e, per così dire, necessariamente spiegazionista. Attraverso una revisione critica degli ambiti dialettici entro i quali la sociologia del rischio ha elaborato gran parte dei suoi concetti - chiave e li ha suggeriti ad altre discipline, la sociologia dell'incertezza acquista un valore interdisciplinare. Oltre che per fornire una interpretazione significativa e dinamica della realtà, il valore interdisciplinare è essenziale per assegnare alla ricerca sociale un ruolo specialistico. Soprattutto per quanto riguarda la sociologia applicata, il tema dell'incertezza permette di allargare l'orizzonte euristico e di combinare sociologia ed economia per adottare un approccio capace di tenere insieme l'analisi delle forme e dei processi di socializzazione con quello dei problemi ambientali e territoriali, e di affrontare la questione della riduzione delle disuguaglianze attraverso soluzioni che garantiscano l'ampliamento della partecipazione a la diffusione delle pratiche deliberative nei contesti di vita. Tale approccio metodologico di fonda su un incremento di consapevolezza. Per meglio dire, esso promuove la consapevolezza come traguardo intorno al quale organizzare gli stili di vita e le condizioni di benessere sociale. Nell'auspicio che la consapevolezza possa permettere l'adozione di strumenti utili a mettere su un piano di verità i fatti così come sono e non come ci piacerebbe che fossero, la sociologia dell'incertezza, non solo confronta con la dimensione della vulnerabilità, ma trae da essa informazioni al fine di affrontare con maggiore solidità empirica e rigore metodologico la comprensione e interpretazione di fenomeni e processi sociali, ovvero anche per fornire contenuti a misure locali di governance cosi come per la definizione di strumenti per policies economiche e politiche a livello globali.

Il volume tratta del ruolo attribuito alla comunicazione in seno a tematiche connesse ad una condivisione quale viene elaborandosi in ambito francese sia sul piano socio-antropologico e comunicativo che sul piano politico. ; The work is interested to role of communication in main themes of a Sharing sociology that is in elaboration in France, in socioanthropological and communicative perspective, but over all in a political one.

In his early writings, dealing mainly with problems of agricultural policy, Max Weber at times differentiates between "class" and "estate", but in general he treats them as synonyms. Only after 1909, when he started to work on Economy and Society and Economic Ethic of the World Religions, he felt the necessity to use these concepts in a more clear-cut manner. "Classes" are only placed within the economic order, while "estates" belong to the social order and take shape through the partition of «social prestige» or «honor», which in turn derives from different sources, including the religious ones. This essay explores the forms of religious stratification which arise from the knowledge of rituals and precedents, from the knowledge of the Sacred Scriptures, or from a specific knowledge of the conditions of possibility of redemption. ; Nell'opera giovanile di Weber, che si occupa prevalentemente di problemi di politica agraria, i concetti di "classe" e "ceto" vengono talvolta distinti ma perlopiù utilizzati come sinonimi. Solo a partire dal 1909, nel corso del suo lavoro a Economia e società e all'Etica economica delle religioni universali, Weber ha avvertito l'esigenza di una maggiore differenziazione concettuale. Le "classi" hanno il loro posto esclusivamente nell'ordinamento economico, mentre i "ceti" sono collocati nell'ordinamento sociale, formandosi attraverso la suddivisione del «prestigio sociale» o «onore», che a sua volta deriva da diverse fonti, tra cui anche quelle di tipo religioso. Il saggio studia le forme della stratificazione religiosa, che nascono dalla conoscenza del rituale e dei precedenti, dalla competenza nella scrittura o da uno specifico sapere riguardante le condizioni di possibilità della redenzione.

The article proposes a brief enrichment of the vicende economiche e sociali negli anni di Sociologia del Trabajo. The first paragraph is a subject of economic change, elaborated from the point of view of economic sociology, it is worth saying with reference to the institutional assets that have regulated the interaction of interest in gioco in successivi moment; The second paragraph proves to render an account of how the company has changed in that process, showing the evolution of its structure with reference to its social distancing. The last part is a review of the type of sociology useful to practice now, in the change described above. With the knowledge of all the references available in a vast literature of research, close to segnavia or indizi, I propose a journey in the direction of a rational sociology, it is worth saying a sociology that has a sense of the measurement, is realistic, reformist, impegnant. In a moment when I am aware of the institutional withdrawal, I am responsible for sociology and will collaborate in the strengthening and innovation of the democratic institutions that have been built, and I will contribute, for the part, to the joint asset project for regulation in the change. ; El artículo propone una reconstrucción breve de los cambios económicos y sociales durante los años de Sociología del Trabajo. El primer apartado es un resumen del cambio econónimo, elaborado desde el punto de vista de la Sociología Económica, es decir con referencia a los medios institucionales que han regulado la interacción de los intereses en juego en momentos sucesivos. El apartado segundo intenta en cambio dar cuenta de como ha cambiado, en cambio, la sociedad y muestra la evolución de su estructura en relación con la investigación de la desigualdad social. La última parte es una reflexión sobre el tipo de sociología útil para la práctica hoy, en medio del cambio mostrado anteriormente. Con la elección de algunas referencias disponibles, a partir de una vasta literatura de investigación, buscadas como ...

Otto Hintze was an excellent example of the cultural turmoil that hit historical and political studies in the great crisis between nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with respect to the destiny of the European tradition and its projection in a political world dominated by new universalistic perspectives. Hintze moved thus between a historiography which was for long time attentive to the Prussian case – which he considered almost a paradigm of the modern State – and political science, in constant tension with Weber's contemporary foundation of a comprehensive sociology. The essay attempts to investigate the foundational question of legitimacy as the deepest and most innovative character of Hintze's work. ; Otto Hintze fu esempio eccellente del turbamento culturale che colpì gli studi di storia e politica nella grande crisi sorta fra XIX e XX secolo, rispetto al destino della tradizione europea e la sua proiezione in un mondo politico dominato da nuove prospettive universalistiche. Hintze si mosse così fra una storiografia a lungo attenta al caso prussiano, da lui considerato quasi paradigma dello Stato moderno, ed un punto di vista a carattere politologico, in costante tensione con la contemporanea fondazione, da parte di Max Weber, di una sociologia comprendente. Il saggio cerca di cogliere nel tema fondante della legittimità il carattere più profondo e innovativo dell'opera di Hintze.

According to Crozier and Friedberg, organizations are not rational structures but arenas in which every actor is engaged in a struggle of power with other actors. The article adopts their approach in order to understand one of the most important features of film production, the relationship among directors and screenwriters. Most film critics and viewers tend to discuss films as if they are products of a single author (usually the director). The article challenges this view. It adopts a "multiple authorship" perspective and uses examples from the history of cinema to show how screenwriters have left their personal sign on films. In order to build a convincing theory of "multiple authorship", it is necessary to understand the relations of collaboration and conflict among the numerous actors involved in making a film. Therefore, the article focuses on the relationship between directors and screenwriters and outlines a typology that identifies five different ideal types of relationship between these two crucial roles. The article aims to provide a first conceptualization for a sociological study about the activity of screenwriters and about their contribution to the making of a film.

The article examines the Polish regional differences after 1990. It shows the evolutionary process of creation and re-creation of a regional identity (from administrative regions to regions of identity). The author characterizes types of political representation in the Polish regions and wonders if the regions are independent entities of the EU policies. The author also asks about the relationships beetwen regions and the center from the perspective of construction of regional development strategies and about the advantages and disadvantages of concentration of capacity building in Warsaw. ; Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu "Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia". Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00.

Sociology of work in Italy revived at the end of WWII, after thirty years of forced oblivion. This thesis examines the history of discipline by considering three paths that it followed from its revival up to its institutionalization: the influence of the productivity drive, the role of trade unions and the activity of early young researchers. European Productivity Agency's Italian office Comitato Nazionale per la Produttività propagandised studies on management and on the effects of the industrialization on work and society. Academicians, technicians, psychologists who worked for CNP started rethinking sociology of work, but the managerial use of sociology was unacceptable for both trade unions and young researchers. So "free union†CISL created a School in Florence with an eager attention to social sciences as a medium to become a new model union, while Marxist CGIL, despite its ideological aversion to sociology, finally accepted the social sciences lexicon in order to explain the work changes and to resist against the employers' association offensive. On the other hand, political and social engagement led a first generation of sociologists to study social phenomenon in the recently industrialized Italy by using the sociological analysis. Finally, the thesis investigate the cultural transfers from France, whose industrial sociology (sociologie du travail) was considered as a reference in continental Europe. Nearby the wide importance of French sociologie, financially aided by planning institutions in order to employ it in the industrial reconstruction, other minor experiences such as the social surveys accomplished by worker-priests in the suburbs of industrial cities and the heterodox Marxism of the review "Socialisme ou Barbarie†influenced Italian sociology of work.

"The text explores the phenomenon of violence, retracing the sociological theory from the classical paradigms to the frontier of interpretative readings outlined in the digital society age. The aim is to arrive at an interpretation on violence and the possible connections that go from traditional society, in the historiographic sense of action, to the challenges proposed by contemporary society. What is the form that violence takes today? Which are the indicators that allow you to recognize it? Following these reflections, this book raises the question about the social nature of violence in the many forms in which it manifests itself. The analysis that is proposed is therefore that of seeking the widespread dimensions within which the contemporary individual acts, as well as identifying the indicators that, through functional categories, can prevent and combat violence."