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PART 1- SOFT POWER ACTORS: A supreme court for history? UNESCO as battleground for the legitimacy of historiographical narratives -- Spatial disposition of UNESCO's Cultural Heritage and Soft Power: a survey on the possibility of reification of power discrepancies -- Polycam and the power of heritage registration in the palm of your hand: UNESCO's strategy to safeguard memory in ukraine war -- Peace and Hiroshima's Cultural Heritage: exploring the soft-power of paradiplomacy and international youth engagement for a Culture of Peace -- Cultural Mercosur: a regional vision of cultural heritage as Soft Power -- Heritage diplomacy matters? Brazil's foreign policy and South-South Cooperation in cultural heritage -- Intangible Cultural Heritage and the Brazilian Soft Power: exploring the relationship in international politics -- Brazil's Active and Loyal Politics with the African Continent on the Relationship of Soft Power and Heritage (2002-2008) -- The possible paths of power: soft power on the agenda -- PART 2 – SOFT POWER SPACES: Universalism and diversity: the 50th anniversary of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention -- Decolonizing the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. A question of rupturing the perpetuation of hierarchy of memories and knowledge -- The African soft power: the case of Republic Democratic of Congo -- Cultural experiences from Brazil and Africa: the management of intangible cultural heritage within the scope of soft power -- The Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage: an important soft power strategy -- Destruction of antiquities, museums and archaeological sites in Syria during the war: methods of protecting them -- Circulation of Sacred Art in the Internet Underworld -- "We're back": Background and outcomes of repatriation, return and restitution of cultural property -- African museums in the face of the debate around the decolonization of museums: cases of Senegal and Guinea-Bissau -- PART 3 - SOFT POWER BORDERS: Cultural heritage and international cooperation: Lusophone diplomatic strategies -- Between the power of the museum and the power of the community: case studies in Portugal and Brazil -- Museum Documentation as a weapon of Soft Power -- Energy transition: Chinese capital in the renewable energy production in Brazil -- Timorese Tais: Protection and preservation of a traditional weaving technique -- Soft Power and the diffusion of Brazilian music -- Collective memory of public space: a path for preservation through affective appropriation -- The decolonial study of cultural heritage in the school environment: Historical consciousness in development -- Soft Power, Heritage and Memory during Colonialism and Post Independence in Mozambique.

Does soft power positively influence international affairs? -- Overview: Public diplomacy is changing the nature of international relations / Jan Melissen -- Soft power strengthens emerging powers / Francesca Centracchio -- Soft power has real impact around the world / David Ensor -- Soft power benefits strong states more than others / Melissa Nisbett -- Soft power cannot counter hard power / Michael Cecire -- There is no evidence culture shapes international affairs / Deborah Bull -- Is diplomacy an effective way to engage with hostile states? -- Overview: Soft power is one of many ways to counter hostile states / Robert McMahon -- Power can transform how countries see one another / Mark Leonard -- Soft power creates stronger relationship than hard power / John Weinbrenner -- Hard power is necessary to become a leading state / Allison Fedirka -- Soft power cannot replace hard power / Colin S. Gray -- Has social media had a positive influence on diplomacy? -- Overview: Social media is a new frontier for public diplomacy / Clifton Martin and Laura Jagla -- Social media opens opportunities for US-Middle Eastern relations / William Rugh -- Social media is an important tool of public diplomacy / Constance Duncombe -- Social media undermines diplomacy / Luis Gomez Romero -- Social media can be too informal to be effective / Michelle Bovée -- Can diplomacy and hard power be used together? -- Overview: The use of power requires many tools / Aigerim Raimzhanova -- Hard and soft power both have a role to play / William Inboden -- Diplomacy is strengthened by military power / Sen. Rand Paul and Isaac Applbaum -- Diplomacy is more effective than military force / Phyllis Bennis -- Hard power can undermine diplomacy / Nathan Gardels.

"Faced with external competition, the Kremlin is preoccupied with reviving internal foundations for Russia's soft power appeal." Second in a series on soft power around the world.

When people are asked the question, what is the source of Saudi Arabia's power, who would cite factors other than oil? This equation of Saudi power exclusively with its oil wealth is mistaken. Historically, a principal and the most consistent source of Saudi power at the domestic, regional and global levels has not been revenues from oil, but the cultural power that inheres in a nation that is both the capital of the Muslim and Arab worlds. This soft power accounts for as much, if not more, of Saudi influence than even oil itself. To a large extent, this power explains why Saudi Arabia has remained stout in the face of the shock waves of the Arab Spring. Saudi soft power also accounts for much of the leverage that the Kingdom enjoys in its region and the world at large. This article assesses the principal sources of Saudi Arabia's soft power, discusses the modern day international, regional and domestic challenges facing Saudi Arabia, and finally analyzes how Saudi soft power can effectively deal with those challenges.

The soft power of war : legitimacy and community in Iraq war discourses / Lilie Chouliaraki -- The language of neofeudal corporatism and the war on Iraq / Phil Graham and Allan Luke -- Blair's contribution to elaborating a new "doctrine of international community" / Norman Fairclough -- War rhetoric of a little ally : political implicatures and Aznar's legitimatization of the war in Iraq / Teun A. van Dijk -- The Iraq war as curricular knowledge : from the political to the pedagogic divide / Bessie Mitsikopoulou and Dimitris Koutsogiannis -- Computer games as political discourse : the case of Black Hawk down / David Machin and Theo van Leeuwen -- Spectacular ethics : on the television footage of the Iraq war / Lilie Chouliaraki

This article explores how Kyrgyz labor migrants in Russia view their host country's government and its influence in Kyrgyzstan, including through the Eurasian Economic Union. Results suggest that migrants have nuanced, pragmatic pro-Russian views. They understand Kyrgyzstan's dependency on Russia and admire the efficiency of Russia's government. Yet, they also disapprove of its high levels of corruption and of its disregard for individual rights. Our work contributes to the literature on the diffusion of norms through migration; it also sheds light on Russia's soft power in Central Asia at a time when rivalry with China is growing in the region.