Suchergebnisse

Luis de Lucena (1465-1530) was a Spanish writer whose Repeticion de Amores y Arte de Ajedrez con 101 Juegos de Partidois the oldest surviving book on the game of chess. Jacob Ornstein provides an annotated introduction in two parts that gives a general overview of the text and its author, and discusses the work in relation to the Feminist debates

In this article Dr. García Hoz means, in a purely informative way, to answer the question: "how are those educators formed who are neither teachers nor parents considedered as such educators?" In order to facilitate the understanding of this problem he centers his study in three different aspects, politic, religious and undifferentiated one. The author poses the problem of the relationship between education and politics' and points out the politic concern on educational questions. He explains the service which education renders to politics and shows the inter-action of both of them in Spain. He studies the double aspect of the religious and educational problem to show its influence on pedagogical method and on the catechistical societies and on the National Catholic Action. After explaining the existing link betwen the above mentioned fields and the undifferentiated social one he gives a complete account of the Spanish societies whose specific aims and characteristics are social. He ends by stating the utility of these formative types and the convenience of increasing their contact with the professional educational institutions.

[EN] The work has been written both as background information for the D. S. Operations Mission to Spain and that, by highlighting some of the problems inherents in the coal mining industry, it will benefit the industry and the Spanish economy as a whole. After a short introduction outlining the main lines in which the Spanish coal production may became enough to meet full requirements from indigenous coals, thus eliminating the necessity for imports of coals, the author presents the actual situation of the coal market with the estimates for the years 1956, 1958 and 1960. The requirements for the major industry sectors, including the thermal electric, railways, steel, cement, fishing fleet, and a group that includes several industries, are given. In the evaluation of the programmed production estimates, the author points out a few bottle necks to the industry and the suggested procedures to assist in obtaining maximum production. Among these, the main points are: approach to the coal problem, finances, staffing pattern at the mines, spare parts, supplies, mechanization of mining operations, and shortage of skilled manpower in the Asturias Region. As obstacles to achieve requirements from indigenous production, the Government restrictions on deliveries and prices, the transportation and Port loading facilities, the lack of equipment and supplies, the miners housing, the lack of cleaning facilities, the fear of the operators of overproduction and the relations between the Engineers and labour, are put forward like the more importants. A number of operating suggestions to assist in increasing production or in decreasing cost, and the suggested peseta counterpart project, complete the article. Among the first, the following suggestions are treated in the paper: Concentration of working places, increase the production potentials of the shaft mines, improvements in the underground haulage, rock and coal gallery development, mechanization, washeries development, time studies, fabrication of a larger range of explosives, electric detonators) hand shovels for coal and rock, cap lamps, roof bolting, visits between mines by the supervisory personnel, technical assistance, minimum of time tied up in routine office work and reports for executives and engineers, and methods for dust suppression and explosion prevention. ; [ES] El articulo reproduce el informe redactado por el autor en julio de 1955 para la «D. S. Operations Mission to Spain». Escrito también con la intención de que pueda ser útil en relaci6n con algunos de los problemas que afectan a la minería del carbón en España, comienza con una breve introducción en la que se señalan unas líneas generales para llegar a una producción española de hullas suficiente para cubrir todo el consumo nacional, eliminando las importaciones de estos combustibles. Se examinan las necesidades para los principales sectores de la industria, presentando la situaci6n actual y las previsiones para los años 1956, 1958 y 1960. En la evaluaci6n del programa de producci6n para estos mismos años, se destacan algunas de las dificultades con que tropieza nuestra minería del carbón, y se sugieren medios para ayudar al logro de la producción máxima. Entre los principales puntos tratados a este respecto figuran: el enfoque del problema del carbón, el déficit de carbones coquizables, los aspectos financieros, los mandos de las minas, los repuestos y suministros, la mecanización, y la escasez de mineros en la región asturiana. Como obstáculos para alcanzar las necesidades de producción nacional se señalan: las restricciones oficiales sobre suministros y precios, la falta de medios de transporte y de carga en los puertos, la escasez de equipos y suministros, la insuficiencia de viviendas para mineros, la falta de medios de lavado, el miedo a la sobreproducción, y los fallos relativos a la preparación del personal de mandos y a sus relaciones con los obreros. Entre las sugerencias para aumentar la producción o disminuir los costos se indican: la concentración de los puntos de trabajo, el aumento de la producción potencial de los pozos mineros, mejoras en los transportes interiores, los estudios de tiempos, la fabricación de mas tipos de explosivos, el empleo de la pega eléctrica, mejoras en las palas de mano, el empleo de lámparas de cabeza, la utilización del sostenimiento con pernos de anclaje, el fomento de las visitas entre minas del personal supervisor, la asistencia técnica por personal ajeno a la mina, descargar a los ingenieros de trabajos de tipo administrativo, y el empleo de métodos contra las explosiones de polvo y grisú. Como final, se sugiere un proyecto para la contrapartida en pesetas originada bajo el programa de ayuda americana. ; Peer reviewed