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The article focuses on the role of contemporary agrarian history in Spanish historiography. A new epistemological frame opened up after Franco's Dictatorship. The importance of the agrarian sector until the 1960s in Spanish economy, society and culture served as a basis for new historical research from the 1980s. The new historical trends as well as regional and local history had a significant impact on agrarian history. Moreover, new studies in the 1990s succeeded in incorporating Spanish agrarian history into the discussions in other European countries. In relation to the agrarian reforms of the nineteenth century, the regional diversity and the variety of economic activities of agents emerged as new subjects of research. Furthermore, the old political history was transformed into the social and economic study of persistent clientelism in agrarian society. Recently, political mobilization and social protest (as a form of political participation outside the political institutions) from the point of view of individual experiences belong to the most important items of historical studies. Additionally, research on the rural family or the role of women in agrarian society is a recent contribution of Spanish agrarian historiography. During the last years, environmental history emerged as a new field for rural historians. In this respect, the use of water as a scarce resource in agrarian society and the consequences of the destruction of the common land are studied from an environmental perspective. ; The article focuses on the role of contemporary agrarian history in Spanish historiography. A new epistemological frame opened up after Franco's Dictatorship. The importance of the agrarian sector until the 1960s in Spanish economy, society and culture served as a basis for new historical research from the 1980s. The new historical trends as well as regional and local history had a significant impact on agrarian history. Moreover, new studies in the 1990s succeeded in incorporating Spanish agrarian history into the discussions in other European countries. In relation to the agrarian reforms of the nineteenth century, the regional diversity and the variety of economic activities of agents emerged as new subjects of research. Furthermore, the old political history was transformed into the social and economic study of persistent clientelism in agrarian society. Recently, political mobilization and social protest (as a form of political participation outside the political institutions) from the point of view of individual experiences belong to the most important items of historical studies. Additionally, research on the rural family or the role of women in agrarian society is a recent contribution of Spanish agrarian historiography. During the last years, environmental history emerged as a new field for rural historians. In this respect, the use of water as a scarce resource in agrarian society and the consequences of the destruction of the common land are studied from an environmental perspective.

The article discusses the Spanish experiences of 15 years of EU membership focusing on political & social issues as well as psychological attitudes. The author describes problems such as the relationship of the Spanish regions with European issues, the political attitudes toward the EU structural funds & the European Court of Justice, public opinion & the mass media concerning Europe, & Spanish priorities in the EU-negotiations. Overall, "Europe" is part of the daily life causing neither refusal nor enthusiasm. Adapted from the source document.

Since May 15th, 2011, major transformations have been taking place in the Spanish public sphere, especially because of the celebration of political debate with major affluence on public squares. The Spanish "15-M movement" presents three key characteristics: First, it demands a renovation of modern democracy; second, it opposes to the implemented programmes of structural adjustment, public budget consolidation and, in broader terms, neoliberal policy application and third, it develops formerly unknown or only among left-wing activists known forms of collective decision making and re-appropriation of public space. The following article will discuss the first two aspects. After a chronologic description of collective action applied by the 15-M movement, the text will develop analytical insights into questions regarding concepts such as democracy, citizenship and political identities. Adapted from the source document.

The Spanish government has called in recent months for an open dialogue with the Catalan government. According to information provided is Prime Minister Rajoy open-ended negotiations positively towards. But solutions must move within the meaning of the rule of law principle within the constitutional framework. In the reasoning of Madrid therefore the Spanish Constitution plays a central role. The reference to Art. 1 of the Constitution, 'National sovereignty lies with the whole Spanish people', of course, the Spanish Government, representing the entirety of the Spaniards. In this sense, the debate about a possible independence of Catalonia concerns all Spaniards. Furthermore enshrined Art. 2, both the principle of the 'indissoluble (n) unity of the Spanish nation, the common and indivisible country of all Spaniards' as well as the right to autonomy and the principle of solidarity between all Spaniards. This formulation is a clear picture of the existing after Franco's death contrasts and ideas on the future of the young democratic state. Nevertheless clarifies also this article, that there is only one citizen, from which all state authority. The principle of unity is thus upstream of the principle of autonomy. Adapted from the source document.

The debate about the disappeared of the Spanish Civil War is ongoing. Even after the country's transition many questions remain unanswered & the state does little to investigate. The author deals expansively with Spanish local recollection culture. She analyzes its reference to international norms & processing experiences in Latin America. Adapted from the source document.

"The Eurozone crisis has deepened the structural and organisational weaknesses of the Spanish trade union movement. At the same time, unions were challenged by new social movements in a cycle of protests following the indignados of 15M. In consequence, a hesitant strategic reorientation and regeneration of the trade unions took place as they struggled to include social forms applied by the new movements such as grassroots democracy and civil disobedience into their strategic repertoire." (author's abstract)

Seit einiger Zeit sind humanitäre Militäreinsätze verstärkt im Fokus der Geschichtswissenschaft. Die Frage nach den frühneuzeitlichen Wurzeln der humanitären Intervention ist dabei lange am Rande behandelt worden. Neuere Forschungen zeigen aber, dass militärische Gewalt zwischen 1500 und 1800 nicht selten mit dem Schutz fremder Untertanen legitimiert wurde. Hier setzt die Studie von Julian Katz an und untersucht mit dem anglo-spanischen Krieg (1585-1604) ein Fallbeispiel, bei dem beide Parteien ihre Kriegsführung als Schutzintervention zugunsten der Untertanen des Gegners rechtfertigten. Die Begründung der Intervention erfolgte anhand drei wesentlicher argumentativer Kategorien: Sicherheit, Recht und Religion/Konfession. Möglich wurde dies durch grenzübergreifende Dynamiken der nachreformatorischen Glaubenskonflikte, die neue Allianzen zwischen Herrschenden und konfessionsverwandten Untertanen anderer Souveräne hervorbrachten. Die Analyse der Entwicklung und Anwendung dieser Rechtfertigungskategorien wirft ein Schlaglicht auf zentrale Normen der politischen Kultur und Mächtebeziehungen im frühneuzeitlichen Europa und liefert einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Verständnis internationaler Politik während des konfessionellen Zeitalters

"Prior to the debacle of 2008, Spain's economy was an object of particular admiration for Western commentators. In the context of the global crisis, however, Spain has been hovering on the brink of classification as a case for Eurozone bail-out, following Greece, Ireland and Portugal. We borrow from Robert Brenner's concept of 'asset-price Keynesianism' in order to analyse the recent crash of the Spanish economy as well as its social and political consequences. The bursting of the Spanish bubble has torn the veil from a highly polarized social order, with a large proportion of the population deep in debt, many out of work and dependent on public services doubly hit by spending cuts and privatization." (author's abstract)

Abstract: The author analyses current processes of migration/flight from Syria to the European Union based on a biographical and figurational research approach. The study is based on biographical case reconstructions of people who have migrated in the context of the Syrian war since March 2011 via the Spanish exclaves Ceuta and Melilla. The author introduces the concept of a "condensed present" ("verdichtete Gegenwart") to capture peoples experience of the violent conflict in Syria and the resulting conditions of 'illegalized' migration as well as its effects on the migrants' views and experiences. These processes are connected to changes of biographical patterns of interpretation, constructions of belonging and the position of the actor within complex power relations (figurations). The case of a young Palestinian man from Damascus shows how a "condensed present" is experienced in the dynamics of migration/flight against the background of his biography, family history and the collective history. Finally, the author highlights the necessity of a socio-historical and transnational perspective for a better understanding of processes of 'illegalized' migration from war. ; Abstract: The author analyses current processes of migration/flight from Syria to the European Union based on a biographical and figurational research approach. The study is based on biographical case reconstructions of people who have migrated in the context of the Syrian war since March 2011 via the Spanish exclaves Ceuta and Melilla. The author introduces the concept of a "condensed present" ("verdichtete Gegenwart") to capture peoples experience of the violent conflict in Syria and the resulting conditions of 'illegalized' migration as well as its effects on the migrants' views and experiences. These processes are connected to changes of biographical patterns of interpretation, constructions of belonging and the position of the actor within complex power relations (figurations). The case of a young Palestinian man from Damascus shows how a "condensed present" is experienced in the dynamics of migration/flight against the background of his biography, family history and the collective history. Finally, the author highlights the necessity of a socio-historical and transnational perspective for a better understanding of processes of 'illegalized' migration from war.

Der erste Kriminalfall der Neuen Welt, der die Maschinerie kolonialen Schreibens in Gang setzte: Philipp von Hutten, ein Mitglied des berühmten fränkischen Rittergeschlechts, wird im Jahr 1546 in der Provinz Venezuela von seinem Rivalen Juan de Carvajal enthauptet. Susanne Andrea Gujer-Bertschingers Studie stellt erstmals alle Dokumente im Zusammenhang mit dem »Fall Hutten« in einen Kontext: Briefe des Opfers - sie gelten als die ältesten Briefe in deutscher Sprache, die aus Amerika geschrieben wurden -, Prozessakten und Reiseberichte. Die Analyse der deutschen, spanischen und italienischen Texte liefert einen genuinen Beitrag zur Forschungsdebatte über (post-)koloniale Studien.

Krisenszenarien prägen das 21. Jahrhundert und stellen die betroffenen Gesellschaften vor drängende Herausforderungen. Ihre Omnipräsenz zeigt sich auch in zahlreichen Erzähltexten, die diesen Topos zum Thema haben. Rebecca Kaewert widmet sich den Spezifika des literarischen Krisendiskurses ab der Jahrtausendwende anhand von vier zeitgenössischen spanischen und hispanoamerikanischen Erzähltexten. Sie entwickelt einen multiperspektivischen Ansatz zur Analyse und Interpretation literarischer Krisenaneignungen: Auf Grundlage politikwissenschaftlicher, soziologischer und psychologisch motivierter Krisenkonzeptionen werden narrative Strategien, Funktionen und ihre Wirkungen berücksichtigt.

Investigates ethnic, national, and post-national characteristics of Zapatista guerrilla, based on the fictional narratives of "sub-commandante Marcos" of the Zapatista movement Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN). Translated from Spanish. Summary in English p. 189.

Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Thema des Europäischen Sprachenportfolio (ESP) an Hamburger Gymnasien, dabei werden kritische Meinungen zu seinem Gebrauch im Spanischunterricht der Sekundarstufe I durch qualitativen Interviews überprüft. Das Sprachenportfolio wurde 2001 in Europa eingeführt und stellt in Deutschland einen Teil in den Diskussionen um das Bildungssystem dar. In diesen Diskussionen kristallisierten sich in den vergangenen neun Jahren insbesondere zwei Entwicklungslinien heraus: Zum einen wurde bildungspolitisch ein Schwerpunkt auf eine bundesweite Normierung von Bildungszielen gesetzt, zum anderen rückten Didaktiker die Individualisierung von Lehrinhalten in den Fokus ihrer Studien. Die beiden Schwerpunkte des aktuellen Fremdsprachenunterrichts und somit auch des Spanischunterrichts erscheinen widersprüchlich: Einerseits stehen vergleichbare Leistungen im Vordergrund, andererseits soll der Unterricht verstärkt auf den einzelnen Schüler zugeschnitten sein. Im Bereich der Fremdsprachendidaktik bietet sich der gemeinsame Einsatz von Referenzrahmen und Sprachenportfolio an, denn die Kombination der beiden Instrumente ermöglicht sowohl die Festlegung von Leistungsstandards mittels des GER als auch eine lernerzentrierte Komponente durch das ESP. Das entscheidene Ziel der Untersuchung ist es, die augenblickliche Situation des ESP im gymnasialen Spanischunterricht zu beschreiben. Es werden Perspektiven entwickelt, wie die Lehrkräfte das ESP an den Schulen sinnvoll nutzen könnten. Die Untersuchung erhebt keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit und ist auf das ESP im Spanischunterricht der Mittelstufe von Hamburger Gymnasien fokussiert. Beispielhaft wurden fünf halbstandardisierte Leitfadeninterviews mit Spanischlehrkräften geführt, die keinen Gebrauch von dem ESP machen. (Autorin)