Suchergebnisse

The article analyzes the processes by which Spanish anarchists, active in the 1930s, worked in hundreds of villages to establish anarchist education, with the goal of raising a generation that would bring about radical changes in society. This period was especially favorable for anarchism in Spain, with the flourishing of communes where anarchist education could take shape. These activists, motivated by their dedication to social revolution, were well aware of the relationship between new paradigms in education & the desired political transformation. The educational model they created was fraternal, cooperative, & free. The educational ideals of the Spanish anarchists were matched by their cultural ideals, which they were intent on passing on to future generations. The article argues that the Spanish anarchist movement, when compared to other sociopolitical movements of the era, was virtually unique in its efforts in the field of education.

• Washington – Officials fear Spanish Influenza has been brought to Atlantic Coast cities by American transports• "There is little means of combating the disease except by absolute quarantine and that obviously is impossible"• Government may issue country-wide warnings and general instructions on how to avoid infection ; Newspaper article ; 7

International audience ; In recent years, it has been a common complaint among scholars to acknowledge the lack of research on Spanish nationalism. This article addresses the gap by giving an historical overview of 'ethnic' and 'civic' Spanish nationalist discourses during the last two centuries. It is argued here that Spanish nationalism is not a unified ideology but it has, at least, two varieties. During the 19th-century, both a 'liberal' and a 'conservative-traditionalist' nationalist discourse were formulated and these competed against each other for hegemony within the Spanish market of ideas. In the 20th-century, these two discourses continued to be present and became backbones of different political regimes. However, after the emergence of the Basque and Catalan nationalist movements, Spanish nationalists unified as a counter-force to these regional sources of identity. In fact, one can see 20th-century Spanish nationalism as a dialectical struggle between the centre and the periphery.

In recent years, it has been a common complaint among scholars to acknowledge the lack of research on Spanish nationalism. This article addresses the gap by giving an historical overview of 'ethnic' and 'civic' Spanish nationalist discourses during the last two centuries. It is argued here that Spanish nationalism is not a unified ideology but it has, at least, two varieties. During the 19th-century, both a 'liberal' and a 'conservative-traditionalist' nationalist discourse were formulated and these competed against each other for hegemony within the Spanish market of ideas. In the 20th-century, these two discourses continued to be present and became backbones of different political regimes. However, after the emergence of the Basque and Catalan nationalist movements, Spanish nationalists unified as a counter-force to these regional sources of identity. In fact, one can see 20th-century Spanish nationalism as a dialectical struggle between the centre and the periphery.

[EN]The Spanish government maintained a benevolent neutrality policy towards the Entente Powers during the First World War. Liberal and Conservative cabinets decided it was the only position consistent with their country's traditionally friendly relations with Great Britain and France. ; Peer reviewed