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Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: State Cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda

In Europe, the Schengen crisis, spurred off by the unexpected migration flow in 2015, led to a re-questioning of the functions of "borders" in European integration. Especially the ideal of a "Europe without borders" is crumbling and the re-introduction of border controls in several EU member states not only slows down the process of European Integration, but also represents an obstacle to cross-border cooperation. One of the main consequences of this crisis is also growing euroscepticism and a new fear of integration which might even lead to the disintegration of the EU. The present publication regroups the contributions to four "castle-talks on cross-border cooperation" organized at the château Pourtalès, in Strasbourg, between 2012 and 2016, in the framework of Birte Wassenberg's Erasmus and Jean Monnet activities supported by the European Commission. The different contributions deal with the theoretical link between borders, international relations and cross-border cooperation, by examining borders as places of cross-border governance, as gatekeepers of sovereignty and security, as "scars" of history and as places of reconciliation.

Durch technische und politische Veränderungen wird die Vernetzung verschiedenster gesellschaftlicher Gebiete immer leichter – so auch im Bibliotheksbereich. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, was dies für die "Bibliothekslandschaft" Europas bedeutet: Befinden die europäischen Bibliotheken sich in einer Phase intensiver Zusammenarbeit durch Vernetzung – oder ist bereits ein arbeitsteiliges System auf europäischer Ebene im Entstehen begriffen? Nach Beschreibung der verschiedenen Infrastrukturebenen wird das Zustandekommen zweier unterschiedlicher, EU-geförderter Projekte erläutert (IMPACT und EDLnet). Zum einen, um die Bedeutung von Vernetzung für typische Projektabläufe darzustellen, zum anderen, um zu zeigen, dass Projekte als "temporäre Systeme" funktionieren. Auf Basis der Analyse werden "Desiderate" für die Zusammenarbeit formuliert und abschließend die Frage nach "Systembildung" oder "Vernetzung" beantwortet. ; Networking, facilitated by technological progress and changing policies, is becoming increasingly easier today – an experience shared by librarianship. Thus the question arises what impact these phenomena have on the European library sector: Is it in a state of intense cooperation, using its different networks and is there a developing system with divided duties on a European level? Have new visions and forms of cooperation replaced the wound-up action plans for libraries and thus more coherent European policies? What parts do different institutions like the European Union, libraries of different functions, the political responsibilities in the member states play in the changing situation and what can be identified as the major challenges? Based on a comprehensive analysis, some desirable objectives for future cooperation are extrapolated. Finally, the question whether there is a "system" on the rise or whether "networking" will remain the preferred practice is answered.

European integration has turned the EU neither into a state, in which authority is fully centralized in Brussels, nor is the EU a classic international organization, in which member states remain fully sovereign. Instead, European integration is patchy. For some policies, decision-making authority still rests with the member states whereas, for others, policy-making authority was transferred to the EU. Why does the EU's authority vary across policies? Taking policies belonging to the EU's Area of Freedom, Security and Justice as a sample, Stefan Jagdhuber theorizes and empirically analyzes why integration proceeded on illegal immigration policy and judicial cooperation on civil law matters whereas it stagnated for legal immigration policy and judicial cooperation on criminal law matters. The findings show that uneven integration trajectories in the EU are likely when policy interdependence, supranational activism and domestic constraints differ across policies. Die Druckausgabe können Sie hier erwerben. ; European integration has turned the EU neither into a state, in which authority is fully centralized in Brussels, nor is the EU a classic international organization, in which member states remain fully sovereign. Instead, European integration is patchy. For some policies, decision-making authority still rests with the member states whereas, for others, policy-making authority was transferred to the EU. Why does the EU's authority vary across policies? Taking policies belonging to the EU's Area of Freedom, Security and Justice as a sample, Stefan Jagdhuber theorizes and empirically analyzes why integration proceeded on illegal immigration policy and judicial cooperation on civil law matters whereas it stagnated for legal immigration policy and judicial cooperation on criminal law matters. The findings show that uneven integration trajectories in the EU are likely when policy interdependence, supranational activism and domestic constraints differ across policies. Die Druckausgabe können Sie hier erwerben.

European integration has turned the EU neither into a state, in which authority is fully centralized in Brussels, nor is the EU a classic international organization, in which member states remain fully sovereign. Instead, European integration is patchy. For some policies, decision-making authority still rests with the member states whereas, for others, policy-making authority was transferred to the EU. Why does the EU's authority vary across policies? Taking policies belonging to the EU's Area of Freedom, Security and Justice as a sample, Stefan Jagdhuber theorizes and empirically analyzes why integration proceeded on illegal immigration policy and judicial cooperation on civil law matters whereas it stagnated for legal immigration policy and judicial cooperation on criminal law matters. The findings show that uneven integration trajectories in the EU are likely when policy interdependence, supranational activism and domestic constraints differ across policies. Die Druckausgabe können Sie hier erwerben. ; European integration has turned the EU neither into a state, in which authority is fully centralized in Brussels, nor is the EU a classic international organization, in which member states remain fully sovereign. Instead, European integration is patchy. For some policies, decision-making authority still rests with the member states whereas, for others, policy-making authority was transferred to the EU. Why does the EU's authority vary across policies? Taking policies belonging to the EU's Area of Freedom, Security and Justice as a sample, Stefan Jagdhuber theorizes and empirically analyzes why integration proceeded on illegal immigration policy and judicial cooperation on civil law matters whereas it stagnated for legal immigration policy and judicial cooperation on criminal law matters. The findings show that uneven integration trajectories in the EU are likely when policy interdependence, supranational activism and domestic constraints differ across policies. Die Druckausgabe können Sie hier erwerben.

'Die demographische Krise Russlands kann dessen ökonomische, regionale und militärische Sicherheit, aber auch die Attraktivität des Wirtschafts- und Investitionsstandortes Russland langfristig gefährden. In den kommenden Jahren werden der russischen Volkswirtschaft deutlich weniger Arbeitskräfte zur Verfügung stehen; die Zahl der für die russischen Streitkräfte verfügbaren Rekruten wird bereits 2008 unter die Bedarfsgrenze sinken. Regionale Differenzierung und Abwanderung tragen dazu bei, dass der Anspruch Russlands als zurückkehrende Großmacht erheblichen Einschränkungen unterliegt. Trotz Ressourcenreichtums und des vorläufig hohen Ölpreises befürchtet der Kreml, dass Russland in der eigenen Region an strategischer Bedeutung verliert, zumal angesichts des wachsenden chinesischen Bevölkerungs- und Wirtschaftspotentials. Schon jetzt kann die Zentralregierung Chancengleichheit und Wohlfahrt als Dimensionen stabiler Staatlichkeit nicht mehr für das gesamte russische Territorium gewährleisten. Welche Zukunftsrisiken erwachsen Russland aus der demographischen Krise? Wie reagieren die russische Führung und die Öffentlichkeit darauf? Welche Kooperationschancen mit der EU und einzelnen europäischen Staaten wie Deutschland ergeben sich?' (Autorenreferat)

As far as the new Laender of the Federal Republic of Germany are concerned, the Halle-Leipzig region is marked by an especially great development dynamics on the one hand but on the other, this old industrialized economic region suffers from serious structural problems. From these general conditions arise high demands on instruments of regional planning and management. When looking for regional political solutions administrative delimitations and beginnings of intercommunal cooperation are important factors of influence. Due to a strong increase in the establishment of shopping centres in particular in the urban regions of the two core cities of Halle and Leipzig there is a great need for action. A large number of failings caused by insufficient coordination amongst private investment activities and public planning are to be noted here. Among others, problems arise from the approval of a large number of trading estates and large-scale retail projects without considering the actual surface required and the consequences to be expected for hierarchy of urban centres. Already now it is obvious that for a long time both the lack of regional development concepts in the phase of strongest industrial location and the questionable reorganisation of the Laender and districts with its negative effects will have an influence on the development perspectives of the region. Thus, the drawing-up of the new border between Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt right through the agglomeration of Halle-Leipzig created an extremely unfavourable starting point for planning activities. In order not to spoil the region's prospects by further mistakes in regional development it is urgently necessary that the state and regional development plans come into effect as soon as possible and that political and economic decision-makers come together to work out solutions for the whole region. However, the administrative bodies necessary for an understanding of the participants and for the establishment of a regional network have still to be created. In Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt a division of labour between authorities of regional planning and town-hinterland associations to be established still is urgently necessary. As far Karin Wiest The Halle-Leipzig Region - Administrative organisation and beginnings of cooperation Europa Regional, 1(1993)2, pp. 1-11 as the cooperation of the two Laender is concerned, optimal concepts of action for the agglomeration of Halle-Leipzig are impeded by differing legal bases of planning and formalities. In this context, the possibility of establishing regional districts is being discussed in order to make political structures more efficient and to be closer to the problems. A union of the towns and districts to form a common planning region of Halle-Leipzig in the sense of a regional district, however, would involve another administrative reform which in the medium term is not possible to realise and is, therefore, no realistic alternative for the near future. In order to ensure a positive development of the region in the long run regional functions of cooperation an management bound to solid institutions cannot be renounced with. However, the scope of these institutions should not be limited to discussions and exchange of information but include concepts of action suited to realise all-regional interests.

"Das Heraufkommen des Informationszeitalters und das Endes des Kalten Krieges haben die westliche Welt in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten stark geprägt. Auch für die staatlichen Nachrichtendienste veränderten sich dadurch die Grundlage und der Inhalt ihrer Arbeit von Grund auf. Eine neue Entwicklung ist in diesem Zusammenhang die Tatsache, dass die Nachrichtendienste zunehmend Beziehungen zu Akteuren der Privatwirtschaft ausbilden, während sie zuvor praktisch autarke Organisationen waren. Insbesondere in den vier Bereichen Wirtschaftsspionage, private Aufklärungssatelliten, Information Warfare und Private Intelligence Services werden private Akteure für die staatlichen Dienste immer bedeutender. Im Folgenden werden diese Bereiche zunächst charakterisiert. Dies geht einher mit einer Bestandsaufnahme privater Intelligence-Institutionen, die zuvor ausschließlich dem Staat vorbehaltene nachrichtendienstliche Kernaufgaben übernehmen. Anschließend werden die Beziehungen zwischen staatlichen Nachrichtendiensten und privaten Akteuren analysiert und schließlich kategorisiert." (Autorenreferat)

Bilateralism looms large in International Economics in general and in East Asia specifically.
Here bilateral trade agreements and bilateral currency cooperation are both regional
manifestations of this global trend. Yet, is bilateralism a constant pattern of economic cooperation
in East Asia or just a transitional phenomenon? This paper argues that currently
East Asian states are still eager to conclude bilateral trade and currency agreements, but
only up to the point where multilateralism promises more gains than the ever growing
complexity of bilateral networks, especially in the issue area of trade. Since both trade and
currency cooperation show a drift towards multilateralism it is concluded that bilateralism
may be conceived as both transitional phenomenon and constant pattern in East Asian
Regionalism.

"Im asiatisch-pazifischen Raum hat seit den neunziger Jahren eine Aufrüstung wie nirgendwo sonst mit Ausnahme des Mittleren Ostens stattgefunden. Besonders China und Japan haben sich militärisch neu orientiert. Gleichzeitig suchen die Staaten der Region nach neuen Formen der Sicherheitskooperation, wie Frank Umbach schildert. Besonderes Gewicht fällt informellen Initiativen wie der 'Proliferation Security Initiative' zu." (Autorenreferat)