Suchergebnisse

This article touches upon the world-scale policy which is being carried on providing tolerance and tranquility, plus accomplishing international political-legal basis, as well as effective cooperation and international initiatives of Uzbekistan with UNESCO

In today's world, state cooperation is carried out in almost all aspects of political, social and economic life. The interaction of States on high technologies in medicine is not something new and is carried out in a wide range of clinical areas. The cooperation of States in the field of organ donation and transplantation is not limited to the exchange of clinical experience between specialists from different countries or the provision of medical care in a particular case. On the one hand, this direction affects many aspects of social life of man, and needs special legal regulation. On the other hand, it is an effective organizational mechanism, the use of which by States can contribute to saving the lives and health of their own citizens through the inter-state exchange of donor organs. The most important goal of inter-state cooperation is to unite the efforts of the relevant state institutions and services to combat the illegal organ donation and transplantation tourism. ; В современном мире сотрудничество государств осуществляется практически по всем аспектам политической и социально-экономической жизни. Взаимодействие государств по вопросам высоких технологий в медицине не является чем-то новым и осуществляется по широкому спектру клинических направлений. Сотрудничество государств в области донорства органов и трансплантации не ограничивается обменом клиническим опытом между специалистами из разных стран или оказанием медицинской помощи в конкретном случае. С одной стороны, данное направление затрагивает многочисленные стороны социальной жизни человека и нуждается в особом нормативно-правовом регулировании. С другой стороны, является эффективным организационным механизмом, использование которого государствами может способствовать спасению жизни и здоровья собственных граждан посредством межгосударственного обмена донорскими органами. Важнейшей целью межгосударственного сотрудничества является объединение усилий соответствующих государственных институтов и служб по противодействию незаконному изъятию донорских органов и трансплантационному туризму.

Until lately economic relations of Caspian littoral states were mainly developed on bilateral basis. Level of five-lateral cooperation evidently because of various reasons didn't matchthe intensity in political dialogue and dynamics of communication in different other segments.Focus on oil and gas sector and aspiration for separation were dominating. Still possible formatsof All-Caspian interaction have been discussed since the Second Caspian Summit 2007. Whileexperience of successful co-working and mutual trust were growing, with new priorities in economic development set (first of all - transport and infrastructure) the Caspian Littoral States started seeking for a suitable common platform. A new chapter for the "Caspian Five" in this segmentwas open with the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea signed at the highest levelin August 2018, as well as intergovermental Agreements on cooperation in trade, economic andtransport fields. Decision to organize the first Caspian Economic Forum in Turkmenistan on August, 12 this year under participation of governments' members and business delegations of thelittoral states is significant. Cooperation in this format can bring a good synergy. ; До недавнего времени экономические отношения прикаспийских государствразвивались преимущественно по двусторонней линии. Уровень пятистороннего сотрудничества по ряду причин явно не соответствовал интенсивности политического диалога,динамике связей в иных отраслях. Преобладала фокусировка на нефтегазовом секторе,стремление к обособленности. Вместе с тем со времени Второго каспийского саммитав 2007 г. всерьез обсуждался вопрос о возможных форматах общекаспийской кооперации.По мере накопления опыта успешного взаимодействия и роста взаимного доверия, а также определения новых приоритетных направлений экономического развития (в первуюочередь — транспортно-инфраструктурных проектов) прикаспийские страны приступилик поиску оптимальной совместной платформы. Подписание в августе 2018 г. на высшемуровне Конвенции о правовом статусе Каспийского моря, а также межправительственных соглашений о сотрудничестве в торгово-экономической и транспортной сферах вкупес решением о созыве 12 августа текущего года в Туркменистане первого Каспийского экономического форума с участием членов правительств и представителей бизнеса прибрежных стран открывают новую главу в данном сегменте сотрудничества «Каспийской пятерки». Сотрудничество в этом формате способно дать хороший синергетический эффект.

The paper deals with cross-border insolvency protocols as special source of insolvency law. Protocols are agreements between parties in insolvency procedure that deal with many significant questions in order to establish cooperation and coordination between participants. Protocols are used in cross-border insolvency proceedings in order to overcome differences between state legislation that can pose major obstacle for maximization of the value or efficient reorganization procedure. This instrument has special significance in cases of cross-border-group-insolvencies. Namely, in this case every subsidiary is a separate entity, but the preservation of economic value of the group as a whole calls for cooperation between insolvency practitioners and/or judges. The topic is especially interesting having in mind that European Insolvency regulation Recast explicitly mentions the use of protocols as means of cooperation (Recital 49). This will most definitely have broader implications on insolvency laws of civil law countries and it will contribute to wider use of protocols in these countries.

The article discusses the main problems and prospects for the development of BRICS as an organization that is important for fostering international cooperation of developing countries. For a detailed study of areas of cooperation, Starn examines the history and background of the organization, reviews existing international legal acts relating to the cooperation of the BRICS member countries, analyzes the current state of economic and political relations between states and the results achieved. In conclusion, it offers topical methods and measures to improve the cooperation of states within the framework of this organization in order to most effectively achieve common goals.

The subject of the study is the financial and economic activities of the subjects of domestic credit cooperation at the present stage. The purpose of the work is to determine the contradictions in the functioning of credit consumer cooperatives (at the micro and macro levels) and to develop practical measures to resolve them. The article singles out seven main groups of problems an unbalanced structure of the rights and obligations of the shareholders of credit cooperatives, low degree of state regulation of the credit cooperative market, instability in the subject composition of the credit cooperative market, low degree of security of the invested funds in credit cooperatives, ultra-low openness of financial statistics of credit cooperation, low transparency of the conditions for the provision of financial services by credit 83 cooperatives, insufficient attention to strategic planning and conducting scientific and practical consultations.

Ключевые слова: безопасность; военно-техническое сотрудничество; высокоточное оружие; оборонительные системы; развитие; специализация; этапы; эффективность. = International Military-Technical Cooperation of Belarus: Modern State and Perspectives ; В статье рассматриваются этапы развития (этап становления: 1991—2003 гг.; этап упорядочения и стабилизации: 2003—2018 гг.; этап инновационного прорыва: с 2018 г. по настоящее время) и актуальные проблемы совершенствования военно-технического сотрудничества Республики Беларусь с иностранными государствами. Особое внимание уделяется влиянию дипломатического обеспечения на эффективность указанного процесса, специфике данной формы межгосударственного взаимодействия в контексте актуальных тенденций на рынке вооружений, задач укрепления национальной и региональной безопасности. Делается вывод о том, что выпуск некоторых видов новой военной продукции сдерживается ограниченностью финансовых ресурсов и некоторыми техническими проблемами. Предлагается преодолеть упомянутые трудности за счет более активного поиска инвесторов, освоения новых организационно-управленческих и правовых возможностей сотрудничества с иностранными партнерами, интенсификации дипломатической поддержки взаимодействия. Данная позиция обусловлена пониманием необходимости укрепления национальной и региональной безопасности, закрепления условий устойчивого социально-экономического развития страны и ее научного потенциала с помощью не только политического инструментария, но и поставок партнерам Беларуси разрабатываемых и выпускаемых в республике современных высокоточных оборонительных систем. ; The article deals with the stages of development (the stage of formation: 1991—2003; the stage of regularisation and stabilisation: 2003—2018; the stage of the innovation breakthrough: from 2018 — present) and actual problems of improving military-technical cooperation of the Republic of Belarus with foreign countries. Special attention is paid to the infl uence of diplomatic support on the eff ectiveness of this process, the specifi cs of this form of interstate interaction in the context of current trends in the arms market, the tasks of strengthening national and regional security. It is concluded that the production of some types of new military products is constrained by limited fi nancial resources and some technical problems. It is proposed to overcome these diffi culties through a more active search for investors, the development of new organisational, managerial and legal opportunities for cooperation with foreign partners, the intensifi cation of diplomatic support for this interaction. This position is based on the understanding of the necessity to strengthen national and regional security, consolidate the conditions for sustainable socio-economic development of the country and its scientifi c potential with the help of not only political tools, but also with the supply of modern developed and produced in the country high-precision defense systems to the partners of Belarus.

International police and other cooperation is a necessity of the modern world and imperative for the survival of human civilization. The goal of cooperation is that states and the international community unite in opposing crime as the greatest peacetime evil in the world. This is particularly in relation to organized crime, terrorism, and corruption and other most serious forms of crime in contemporary society. Cooperation takes place at the bilateral, regional and multilateral levels. Bilateral cooperation mainly has a trans-border character of neighboring countries, while the regional cooperation between states within certain areas such as the SEE region (Western Balkan) or Europe (e.g. Europol). Multilateral cooperation is mainly on a broader level, e.g. in the field of combating terrorism or through universal organizations (e.g. Interpol). International police cooperation in Europe has a long tradition. One part takes place today in this area through the OSCE, with the caveat that this is a global organization that deals with security issues. The Council of Europe is the next organization through which co-operation began in the past and is partly carried out to this day, given that it brings all European countries together (except Belarus). Cooperation is more intensive still throughout the European Union, its forerunners, the current forms of the organization and present mechanisms (EAW- European surrender and arrest warrant).53 The cooperation in the EU, that takes place through Europol as a specialized agency of the Union is especially current, but with minimal operational competencies. In the SEE region, a significant cooperation between countries of the former Yugoslavia and countries in its neighborhood has been achieved. This cooperation is not only based on bilateral and multilateral acts, but primarily regional documents of which the most important are the International Convention on Police Cooperation in SEE and SELEC Convention. According to these and other acts, all the countries in the region have taken part in regional cooperation, since the fight against crime is the common interest of all. This applies in particular to organized crime, terrorism, corruption and other most serious forms of crime. Extremely important shapes, forms and mechanisms of international police cooperation are: exchange of information, joint investigation teams, joint operational actions, liaison officers, contact points, regional centers for police and customs cooperation, joint police stations and others. To recap, international police cooperation in the world today is an expression of anti-criminal solidarity between states and its prospects are clear, because the danger of crime is global and requires a harmonized response at the international level.

The European Union pursues an active foreign policy both in a form of bilateral ties with sovereign states and while interacting with regional associations. The article considers the strategic attractiveness of the Persian Gulf region for the European Union as well as EU's external regional policy (European interregionalism) towards the Gulf Cooperation Council. The paper analyzes the methodological basis of the European interregionalism, the goals and specific directions of the EU's policy in the region, the mechanisms for its implementation, strategic changes in the EU's policy while taking into account the Arab Spring. The authors conclude that the cooperation initially planned in Brussels on the basis of exporting the liberal values could not stand the test of the Arab Spring. In the Global Strategy of 2016 the EU introduced changes that envisage a differentiated approach in the policy of European interregionalism. In the final part, the authors draw the conclusion about the effectiveness of the new EU Global strategy towards the GCC. © 2019 Institute of Europe Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

The article discusses the participation of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the influence of the organization as the main factor of regional cooperation in today's context. Today Pakistan considers membership in the SCO as a cornerstone of its regional policy. Participation in the Shanghai organization allows Islamabad to strengthen its international position, facilitate the realization of geostrategic and geo-economic potential, develop relations with the Russian Federation, People's Republic of China, Central Asian countries, strengthen its positions in the field of regional security, and also "restrain" its traditional opponent – India. The effectiveness of the Shanghai organization in a new format is studied. The expansion of the SCO through the accession of Pakistan and India has turned the organization into one of the main instruments of multilateral cooperation. It began to be perceived as the Asian counterpart of the G7 group, which could become a new center of power of global importance. Pakistan and India have changed the balance of power within the organization, and the contradictions between Islamabad and Delhi, as well as between Delhi and Beijing, may reduce the effectiveness of the Shanghai organization in a new format. Finally, the article discusses promising areas of cooperation between Pakistan and the member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Islamabad is counting on strengthening cooperation with the countries of the Shanghai organization, enhancing the effectiveness of a regional approach to the problems of terrorism and extremism, making its contribution to regional development, security and stability, and informing about its point of view on regional issues. Islamabad is counting also on more active involvement of the Shanghai organization in resolving the problem in Afghanistan with the participation of Russia, China and the states of Central Asia. In economic terms, for Pakistan the Shanghai Organization is the main platform for promoting its interests in the energy and transport and communications sectors. Among its most important goals in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Islamabad considers gaining access to the energy resources of Central Asian countries for consumption and transit, as well as providing the Shanghai Organization with its territory for access to the World Ocean, the Middle East, and South and Southeast Asia.

In the paper contradictory development of Moldavian-Russian trade and economic cooperation, especially in conditions of the change of Moldova's geovector from strategic partnership with the RF to European integration is studied. One-sided vector of the RM in favour of European integration finally confirmed by the Moldavian leadership after the signing of the Association agreement with the EU and enforcement of the Free trade zone with the EU (2014) was the principal cause of considerable loss of traditional Russian market. Just cooperation with Russia for many years took the key position in the system of external economic ties of Moldova. In the part "Pro-European transformation of external economic ties and its consequences" the causes of the crash of mutual foreign trade turnover of two countries are analysed. Emphasis is laid on the principal cause of the challenge for trade of the RF with Moldova which stipulated forced policy of the RF aimed at protection of its internal market from re-export of production from Europe. Russia adopted a number of restrictive measures against the RM including actual abolition of the free trade zone, introduction of duties on export of the Moldavian production as well as embargo on import of wines and agricultural production. Besides toughening of the customs regime, the position of the RF on import substitution was extended to Moldova after the West imposed sanctions against Russia. In the part "Priority directions of cooperation of the RM with the RF" special role of partnership with Russia in such important fields for the Moldavian economy as power engineering and wine-making production, in investment cooperation, in the sphere of labour migration is shown. In the concluding part of the article initiatives of publicly elected President of the RM I. Dodon (November 2016) aimed at restoration of former foreign trade ties with Russia and other EAEU countries are considered. In this connection attention is paid to the fact that by agreement of I. Dodon with the Russian President V. Putin (January 2017) the first progress in solution of some problems has appeared. In particular, the RF is ready to cancel restrictions by fito-sanitary norms, in the sphere of labour migration amnesty for the part of Moldavian workers in the RF is proposed. At the same time attention is paid to existing opposition to the initiative of I. Dodon to restore strategic partnership with Russia in conditions of diarchy turned out in the country: president — pro-European parliamentary majority and government. ; В статье речь идет о неоднозначном развитии молдавско-российского торгово-экономического сотрудничества, особенно в условиях изменения геоэвектора Молдовы (РМ) со стратегического партнерства с РФ на европейскую интеграцию. Односторонний вектор РМ в пользу европейской интеграции, подтвержденный окончательно молдавским руководством, после подписания Соглашения об ассоциации с ЕС и вступления в силу действия Зоны свободной торговли с ЕС (2014 г.) явился основной причиной значительной утраты традиционного российского рынка. Именно сотрудничество с Россией на протяжении многих лет занимало ключевую позицию во всей системе внешнеэкономических связей РМ. В разделе «Проевропейская трансформация внешнеэкономических связей и ее последствия» анализируются причины, приведшие к спаду взаимного внешнеторгового оборота стран. Упор сделан на основную причину вызова для торговли РФ с Молдовой, которая обусловила вынужденную политику РФ по защите своего внутреннего рынка от реэкспорта продукции из Европы. Россия приняла ряд ограничительных мер для РМ: фактически отмену зоны свободной торговли, введение пошлин на экспорт молдавской продукции, а также эмбарго на ввоз вин и агропродовольственной продукции. Кроме ужесточения таможенного режима, на Молдову была распространена также и позиция РФ по импортозамещению после того, как Запад ввел против нее санкции. В разделе «Приоритетные направления сотрудничества РМ с РФ» показана особая роль партнерства с Россией в значимых для молдавской экономики областях, как энергетика и винодельческое производство, в инвестиционном сотрудничестве, в сфере трудовой миграции. В итоговой части статьи говорится об инициативах всенародно избранного Президента РМ И. Додона (ноябрь 2016 г.), направленных на восстановление прежних внешнеторговых отношений с Россией и с другими странами ЕАЭС. В этой связи обращено внимание на то, что по согласованию И. Додона с российским Президентом В. Путиным (январь 2017 г.), уже начались первые подвижки в решении некоторых проблем. В частности, РФ во внешней торговле готова отменить ограничения по фитосанитарным нормам, а в сфере трудовой миграции предполагается амнистия для части молдавских гастарбайтеров, работающих в РФ. В то же время обращено внимание на существующее противодействие инициативе И. Додона по восстановлению стратегического партнерства с Россией в условиях сложившегося в стране двоевластия: президент — проевропейское парламентское большинство и правительство.

Кризисные явления в мировой политике и экономике существенно отражаются на социально-политической ситуации постсоветских стран. В этот период обостряются внутренние конфликты, наиболее сложные из которых для разрешения – межконфессиональные. В статье рассмотрены особенности взаимодействия конфессий, а также потенциальные «точки притяжения», которые могут стать основой для межрелигиозного диалога. ; The crisis in the world politics and economy significantly affects the socio-political situation in the post-Soviet countries. During this period, internal conflicts use to exacerbate, and the most difficult among them for time-solutions – are confessional. The article describes the features of interactions between denominations, as well as potential "points of attraction" that could become a basis for inter-religious dialogue.

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for monitoring the cooperation between the business community and the system of higher education on the regional level and spotting active participants of such cooperation. The received data are to be used for developing the support policy of the effective partnership models by state government and entrepreneurs associations. Methodology/approach. The monitoring was carried out with respect to the Voronezh region companies and universities in May-June 2015 (the data was collected for the year 2014). The research method involves surveying regional universities and building composite ratings of companies based on their involvement in higher education and considering the range of cooperation forms and their value. The research data analysis included pre-verification and allowed for measurement error. The final ranking used integral binary criteria. Findings. The research results provide statistics with regard to the abundance of specified forms of cooperation between universities and companies. It also points out groups of companies exercising significant influence over the region's system of education. The ranking of companies is used by the Voronezh region government and the Chamber of Commerce and Industry and was used as a basis for similar research in other regions as well as a prototype for a methodology of monitoring the cooperation between companies and institutions of secondary professional education. Originality/value. For the first time, an assessment of the scale of and factual abundance of specified forms of cooperation between the Russian business community and the system of higher education has been performed. The results obtained can be of interest to those researching functioning of the Triple Helix model (partnership between government, companies and education) in Russia as well as to authors of higher educational institution rankings. ; Целью настоящей статьи является представление методики мониторинга взаимодействия бизнес-сообщества ...

The contemporary system of international relations is known for the variety of its factors, as well as forms of their interaction. Globalized economy helps regions get increasingly involved in international cooperation as its subjects. At the same time, this brings about a number of contradictions. The current state and development of regional cooperation between the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan — its main partner in Eurasia — proves a good example in this respect.тTwo principal types of international relations between regions — cross-border and inter-territorial cooperation — have arisen so far. Cross-border cooperation mainly focuses on such factors as infrastructure, communications, industrial, agricultural and logistical cooperation, environmental protection, cross-border tourism, police and security affairs, etc. The particular forms cross-border cooperation takes depend on specific relations between the two states. All in all, there are 3 models of cross-border cooperation: the preferential model (granting preferences to border regions, including special customs and tax regimes); partnership (based on economic and political decentralization, it thus presupposes a more advanced stage of regional autonomy); and the traditional model (limitation of external economic relations and trade).Cross-border cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan takes the traditional form. Inter-territorial collaboration between regions which do not have common borders) develops within the framework of twin cities.The Customs Union and the Common Economic Space set up between Russia, Belorussia and Kazakhstan predetermines a new approach to cross-border cooperation issues. The border regions 'veer' towards the perimeter of the Eurasian Economic Space. Alongside with potential positive economic effect, it can lead to various abuses. Tax regimes in EEU member states require urgent harmonization.Thus we can conclude that inter-regional cooperation is determined both by socio-economic fundamentals of neighbor states and by the existing level of their interaction. ; Характерной особенностью системы международных отношений современных государств является многообразие ее факторов, а также форм их взаимодействия. Регионы все активнее становятся субъектами международной деятельности в условиях глобализации мирового хозяйства. Вместе с тем этот процесс не свободен от противоречий. Очень показательны современное состояние и перспективы развития регионального сотрудничества Российской Федерации и Республики Казахстан — нашего главного партнера в Евразии.К настоящему времени сложились два типа международных связей регионов: приграничное и межтерриториальное сотрудничество. Основными отраслями приграничного сотрудничества являются инфраструктура, связь, промышленная, сельскохозяйственная и логистическая кооперация, охрана окружающей среды, приграничный туризм, борьба с преступностью и т. п. Формы приграничного сотрудничества различаются в зависимости от отношений между странами. Существует три модели приграничного сотрудничества: преференциальная (предоставление преференций приграничным регионам, в том числе особый налоговой и таможенный приграничный режим), партнерская (основана на принципах экономической и политической децентрализации, т. е. более высокая степень самостоятельности регионов), традиционная (ограничивается обслуживание внешнеэкономических связей и внешней торговли).Приграничное сотрудничество России и Казахстана осуществляется в рамках традиционной модели. Межтерриториальное сотрудничество (между территориями, не имеющими общих границ) развивается в рамках побратимских связей городов России и Казахстана.Создание Таможенного союза и ЕЭП России, Казахстана и Белоруссии заставляет по-новому взглянуть на вопросы приграничного сотрудничества. Приграничные регионы как бы сдвигаются к периметру Единого экономического пространства. Наряду с потенциальным позитивным экономическим эффектом это открывает возможности для различных злоупотреблений, а также требует оперативной гармонизации налоговых режимов стран-участниц.Таким образом, межрегиональные отношения являются производными как от типа и характера социально-экономических режимов соседних стран, так и от уровня их взаимодействия.

The article outlines the theoretical approaches to the study of the transformation of the forms of interaction between government and firms under the influence of the evolution of the productive forces and relations of production, depending on the mechanism for the coordination of economic activity, the level of competition and the dominant form of ownership. Substantiated, that partnerships between government and firms are a natural result of the transformation of these relations in the post-industrial economy. ; В статье изложены теоретические подходы к исследованию трансформации форм взаимодействия государства и фирм под воздействием эволюции производительных сил и производственных отношений в зависимости от механизма координации хозяйственной деятельности, уровня конкурентной среды и господствующей формы собственности. Обосновано, что партнёрские отношения между государством и фирмами являются закономерным результатом трансформации этих отношений в условиях постиндустриальной экономики.