Suchergebnisse

Shanghai Cooperation Organization was founded in 2001 under a Declaration signed by the leaders of five independent states from the territory of former Soviet Union and the President of the People's Republic of China. The Charter, adopted by the organization's member states as their basic document, emphasizes their commitment to strengthen their mutual trust and good-neighborliness and friendly cooperation; to keep and maintain the peace, stability and security of the region; as well as to fight together against all forms of terrorism, separatism and extremism. Although there are significant differences between the member states in almost all matters of social and governmental organization, over its ten-year existence the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has proved its vitality and has become respectable entity not only of the regional but also of international cooperation on the whole. In recent years all main actors of contemporary international relations have tried to establish and develop the cooperation with this important intergovernmental association. What the further development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization will be like and where the organization will be positioned within the future world order is difficult to be definitely determined. Apart from the role of the two leading states of this organization - Russia and China, its eventual position will be greatly influenced by other major international factors as well, which, in the era of unstable energy and other forms of security, find the area of Central Asia ever more significant and attractive.

This paper show the main economic and military cooperation treaties between Colombia and United States governments, during the first years after World War II, when the Cold War began and the United States adopted a policy of economic liberalism. Within this framework a new commerce and friendship agreement took place between them, and the Colombian government opened his doors to foreign capitals. Furthermore, the military treaties between both countries strengthen in those years, due to the United States idea of a hemispheric defense against the international communism, and the Colombian intention to improved their armed forces formation and modernization. ; En este artículo se mostraran los principales acuerdos que en materia económica y de cooperación militar alcanzaron los gobiernos de Colombia y Estados Unidos en la primera etapa de la posguerra, momento en que se dio inicio a la guerra fría y el gobierno norteamericano impulsó una política de liberalismo económico. Es en este marco que se negoció un nuevo Tratado de Amistad y Comercio entre los dos países, mientras el gobierno colombiano pudo aumentar sus aranceles y abrió las puertas al capital extranjero. Además, en estos años se estrecharon los acuerdos militares bajo la idea estadounidense de garantizar la defensa hemisférica frente al comunismo internacional, y el interés colombiano por mejorar la formación y modernización de sus fuerzas armadas.

Statut der Einrichtung, die 1983 vom Gulf Cooperation Council gegründet wurde. (DÜI-Ftg)

Bericht über die dritte Sitzung des Kooperationsrates in Bahrain; Darstellung des Aufbaus des Rates, seiner Aufgaben und der politischen Bedingungen seiner Gründung. (DÜI-Ftg)

Bericht über die Gründung des Golfrates, seine verschiedenen Zusammenkünfte und Kongresse, Komitees und Fachkomitees. (DÜI-Ftg)

The existence of cooperative relations is inherent to the State of Autonomies, yet cooperation among the various regional authorities has been scarce in Spain, both qualitatively and quantitatively. For a long time, intergovernmental relations hinged on cooperative sectoral mechanisms. However, concurring with the last statutory reforms, new cooperation mechanisms of a general nature own federal states have been introduced in the Spanish political praxis: Conference of Presidents and the Conference of Autonomous-Community Governments. This paper focuses on the new instruments which have been institutionalized to comply with the principle of intergovernmental cooperation. It analyses the results obtained so far and identifies the problems which need to be addressed for said instruments to consolidate and contribute to a more coherent and efficient functioning of the State of Autonomies. ; La existencia de relaciones de cooperación es algo consustancial al Estado autonómico, aunque en España la cooperación entre los distintos poderes territoriales ha sido, cualitativa y cuantitativamente, escasa, pues durante largo tiempo pivotó, casi exclusivamente, sobre los mecanismos sectoriales de cooperación. Sin embargo, coincidiendo con el último proceso de reformas estatutarias, se han incorporado a la praxis política española dos nuevos mecanismos de cooperación de carácter general propios de los Estados federales: la Conferencia de Presidentes y la Conferencia de los Gobiernos de las Comunidades Autónomas. Este artículo se centra en el estudio de estos nuevos instrumentos, analizando los resultados obtenidos y determinando las dificultades a superar para consolidarse y contribuir a lograr un funcionamiento más coherente y eficaz del Estado autonómico.The existence of cooperative relations is inherent to the State of Autonomies, yet cooperation among the various regional authorities has been scarce in Spain, both qualitatively and quantitatively. For a long time, intergovernmental relations hinged on cooperative sectoral mechanisms. However, concurring with the last statutory reforms, new cooperation mechanisms of a general nature own federal states have been introduced in the Spanish political praxis: Conference of Presidents and the Conference of Autonomous-Community Governments. This paper focuses on the new instruments which have been institutionalized to comply with the principle of intergovernmental cooperation. It analyses the results obtained so far and identifies the problems which need to be addressed for said instruments to consolidate and contribute to a more coherent and efficient functioning of the State of Autonomies.

Das Buch bietet einen Überblick über die allgemeinen Bedingungen für die Landwirtschaft in den arabischen Golfstaaten (Wasser, Boden, Arbeitskräfte). Jeder einzelne der Staaten wird in seiner landwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung dargestellt, die Krankheiten, die den Viehbestand und die Nutzpflanzen bedrohen, werden geschildert sowie die Landwirtschaftspolitik der Staaten des Golfkooperationsrates. (DOI)

The purpose of the article is to focus on the need to strengthen the interaction of the law enforcement agencies of various states, highlighting the role of financial institutions in this process, to find optimal ways to improve international cooperation. The study is based on the methods of systemic and critical analysis, as well as a formal logical method. The article confirms that the need to strengthen international cooperation is explained by the existence of certain factors that determine the possibility of money laundering. It has been established that without adequate cooperation between law enforcement agencies and financial institutions at the national level, it is quite difficult to detect crime and prevent money laundering at the initial stage. As a conclusion of the investigation, it is proposed to develop a methodology for the interaction of the law enforcement agencies of several states to counteract money laundering. The results obtained can also become the basis for developing legislative proposals to improve international cooperation in law enforcement and, at the same time, they can be used to increase the efficiency of their anti-money laundering activities.

National governments are keenly aware of the need for investment in space. Canada, as a formal cooperating state in the European Space Agency (ESA), and Germany, as a leading member state of ESA, are interlinked in Europe's space endeavours. Beyond ESA, Germany and Canada additionally have a strong history of bilateral cooperation on a range of space projects. This paper discusses the novel interdependencies between clear national and now supranational space policies, using the examples of the Canada-European Union (EU) Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA). The agreement covers most aspects of the EU-Canada bilateral economic relationship and includes space. The paper focuses on international space policies, strategic bilateral co-operation, and technical accomplishments. It takes a closer look at German-Canadian collaboration in space programs and offers some reflection on the effect of both the EU and ESA'S transatlantic involvement in space.