Suchergebnisse

This paper show the main economic and military cooperation treaties between Colombia and United States governments, during the first years after World War II, when the Cold War began and the United States adopted a policy of economic liberalism. Within this framework a new commerce and friendship agreement took place between them, and the Colombian government opened his doors to foreign capitals. Furthermore, the military treaties between both countries strengthen in those years, due to the United States idea of a hemispheric defense against the international communism, and the Colombian intention to improved their armed forces formation and modernization. ; En este artículo se mostraran los principales acuerdos que en materia económica y de cooperación militar alcanzaron los gobiernos de Colombia y Estados Unidos en la primera etapa de la posguerra, momento en que se dio inicio a la guerra fría y el gobierno norteamericano impulsó una política de liberalismo económico. Es en este marco que se negoció un nuevo Tratado de Amistad y Comercio entre los dos países, mientras el gobierno colombiano pudo aumentar sus aranceles y abrió las puertas al capital extranjero. Además, en estos años se estrecharon los acuerdos militares bajo la idea estadounidense de garantizar la defensa hemisférica frente al comunismo internacional, y el interés colombiano por mejorar la formación y modernización de sus fuerzas armadas.

The existence of cooperative relations is inherent to the State of Autonomies, yet cooperation among the various regional authorities has been scarce in Spain, both qualitatively and quantitatively. For a long time, intergovernmental relations hinged on cooperative sectoral mechanisms. However, concurring with the last statutory reforms, new cooperation mechanisms of a general nature own federal states have been introduced in the Spanish political praxis: Conference of Presidents and the Conference of Autonomous-Community Governments. This paper focuses on the new instruments which have been institutionalized to comply with the principle of intergovernmental cooperation. It analyses the results obtained so far and identifies the problems which need to be addressed for said instruments to consolidate and contribute to a more coherent and efficient functioning of the State of Autonomies. ; La existencia de relaciones de cooperación es algo consustancial al Estado autonómico, aunque en España la cooperación entre los distintos poderes territoriales ha sido, cualitativa y cuantitativamente, escasa, pues durante largo tiempo pivotó, casi exclusivamente, sobre los mecanismos sectoriales de cooperación. Sin embargo, coincidiendo con el último proceso de reformas estatutarias, se han incorporado a la praxis política española dos nuevos mecanismos de cooperación de carácter general propios de los Estados federales: la Conferencia de Presidentes y la Conferencia de los Gobiernos de las Comunidades Autónomas. Este artículo se centra en el estudio de estos nuevos instrumentos, analizando los resultados obtenidos y determinando las dificultades a superar para consolidarse y contribuir a lograr un funcionamiento más coherente y eficaz del Estado autonómico.The existence of cooperative relations is inherent to the State of Autonomies, yet cooperation among the various regional authorities has been scarce in Spain, both qualitatively and quantitatively. For a long time, intergovernmental relations hinged on cooperative sectoral mechanisms. However, concurring with the last statutory reforms, new cooperation mechanisms of a general nature own federal states have been introduced in the Spanish political praxis: Conference of Presidents and the Conference of Autonomous-Community Governments. This paper focuses on the new instruments which have been institutionalized to comply with the principle of intergovernmental cooperation. It analyses the results obtained so far and identifies the problems which need to be addressed for said instruments to consolidate and contribute to a more coherent and efficient functioning of the State of Autonomies.

The purpose of the article is to focus on the need to strengthen the interaction of the law enforcement agencies of various states, highlighting the role of financial institutions in this process, to find optimal ways to improve international cooperation. The study is based on the methods of systemic and critical analysis, as well as a formal logical method. The article confirms that the need to strengthen international cooperation is explained by the existence of certain factors that determine the possibility of money laundering. It has been established that without adequate cooperation between law enforcement agencies and financial institutions at the national level, it is quite difficult to detect crime and prevent money laundering at the initial stage. As a conclusion of the investigation, it is proposed to develop a methodology for the interaction of the law enforcement agencies of several states to counteract money laundering. The results obtained can also become the basis for developing legislative proposals to improve international cooperation in law enforcement and, at the same time, they can be used to increase the efficiency of their anti-money laundering activities.

National governments are keenly aware of the need for investment in space. Canada, as a formal cooperating state in the European Space Agency (ESA), and Germany, as a leading member state of ESA, are interlinked in Europe's space endeavours. Beyond ESA, Germany and Canada additionally have a strong history of bilateral cooperation on a range of space projects. This paper discusses the novel interdependencies between clear national and now supranational space policies, using the examples of the Canada-European Union (EU) Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA). The agreement covers most aspects of the EU-Canada bilateral economic relationship and includes space. The paper focuses on international space policies, strategic bilateral co-operation, and technical accomplishments. It takes a closer look at German-Canadian collaboration in space programs and offers some reflection on the effect of both the EU and ESA'S transatlantic involvement in space.

The purpose of the research is to highlight international cooperation in investigation of economic crimes of a transnational nature. The main content. It is emphasized that the concept of "international cooperation in fight against crimes" is in the sphere of action of various legal systems of both international public law and domestic law of states (countries) taking part in cooperation.". It is established that it is necessary to clearly delineate the subject of international legal regulation of this type of interaction between states and international organizations. Methodology. Review of materials and methods based on analyzing documentary materials of international cooperation in investigating economic crimes of transnational nature. Conclusions. Due to objective reasons and circumstances modern international relations are characterized by expansion of legal cooperation in investigating economic crimes of transnational nature. At the same time, certain entities can be clearly distinguished in the circle of participants of such cooperation. Considering their goals of creation, their range of powers and features of their implementation such entities operate only in the fight against crimes at the international level - these are international law enforcement organizations.

In the articleUzbekistan's accession to international documents developed and adopted within the framework of UNESCO contributes to the international legal protection of our cultural heritage by the world community, Uzbekistan's scientific potential, science, culture, historical programs, unique archeological and architectural complexes, national and spiritual masterpieces. Along with the wide range of opportunities to promote and increase the effectiveness of their work in this area, the further development of our legislation in this area, as well as the further development of education, science, culture, information and communication technologies in Uzbekistan. and focuses on opportunities to help it stay strong in its place among influential states. The reason is that the state independence of Uzbekistan is a legitimate result of the hard and arduous struggle of our people for many years. Now the fate of our people is in their hands, they are working hard to strengthen the independence of their country. As an independent state, Uzbekistan has become a party to international conventions and influential world organizations such as the UN, OSCE and ILO. Since gaining its independence, Uzbekistan has taken the path of establishing and developing interstate relations with influential countries around the world, defining the main directions of foreign policy and finally joining UNESCO, one of the 15 specialized organizations of the United Nations. The results of the cooperation since its accession in October to the present are described in the article. The article also covers the relations of our country with UNESCO and its history during the period of national independence. Finally, Uzbekistan's integration into the world community, mutually beneficial political, diplomatic, economic and cultural ties with the world's largest, developed countries are widely covered. The most important thing is that in a short historical period, Uzbekistan has taken a worthy place in the world community, rising to the level of a state with its own independent voice on global issues.

In the articleUzbekistan's accession to international documents developed and adopted within the framework of UNESCO contributes to the international legal protection of our cultural heritage by the world community, Uzbekistan's scientific potential, science, culture, historical programs, unique archeological and architectural complexes, national and spiritual masterpieces. Along with the wide range of opportunities to promote and increase the effectiveness of their work in this area, the further development of our legislation in this area, as well as the further development of education, science, culture, information and communication technologies in Uzbekistan. and focuses on opportunities to help it stay strong in its place among influential states. The reason is that the state independence of Uzbekistan is a legitimate result of the hard and arduous struggle of our people for many years. Now the fate of our people is in their hands, they are working hard to strengthen the independence of their country. As an independent state, Uzbekistan has become a party to international conventions and influential world organizations such as the UN, OSCE and ILO. Since gaining its independence, Uzbekistan has taken the path of establishing and developing interstate relations with influential countries around the world, defining the main directions of foreign policy and finally joining UNESCO, one of the 15 specialized organizations of the United Nations. The results of the cooperation since its accession in October to the present are described in the article. The article also covers the relations of our country with UNESCO and its history during the period of national independence. Finally, Uzbekistan's integration into the world community, mutually beneficial political, diplomatic, economic and cultural ties with the world's largest, developed countries are widely covered. The most important thing is that in a short historical period, Uzbekistan has taken a worthy place in the world community, rising to the level of a state with its own independent voice on global issues.

This article explores the legal frameworks of citizenship and naturalization of the six states of the Gulf Cooperation Council, and analyzes how they have been used since the creation of modern states to the present, with special attention to events after the Arab Spring. Within this context, it discusses to what extent the rentier character of the Gulf states has affected the design of policies of citizenship and naturalization; which are the main aspects of the legislation of each country; what are the differences between the use of legal frameworks before and after the Arab Spring; what legal reforms have been carried out since the Arab Spring; and with what objectives has citizenship been granted or revoked. The article concludes that the citizenship policies of the GCC states have been a fundamental aspect of the nation-state building process and the establishment of state-society relations, as well as of a very elaborate strategy to ensure political regime stability, survival and legitimization, especially visible in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. ; Este artículo explora los marcos legales de ciudadanía y naturalización de los seis estados del Consejo de Cooperación del Golfo, y analiza cómo han sido utilizados desde el establecimiento de los estados modernos hasta la actualidad, con especial atención a los acontecimientos posteriores a la Primavera Árabe. En este contexto, se investiga en qué medida ha afectado el carácter rentista de los estados del Golfo al diseño de sus políticas de ciudadanía y naturalización; cuáles son los principales aspectos de dicha legislación en cada país; qué diferencias hay entre la utilización de los marcos legales antes y después de la Primavera Árabe; qué reformas legales se han llevado a cabo tras de la Primavera Árabe; y con qué objetivos se ha concedido o revocado la ciudadanía. El artículo concluye que las políticas de ciudadanía de los estados del CCG han sido un aspecto fundamental de la construcción del Estado-nación y del establecimiento de la relación Estado-sociedad, así como parte esencial de una muy elaborada estrategia para garantizar la estabilidad, supervivencia y legitimación de los regímenes políticos, con mayor énfasis desde la Primavera Árabe.

Este artículo explora los marcos legales de ciudadanía y naturalización de los seis estados del Consejo de Cooperación del Golfo, y analiza cómo han sido utilizados desde el establecimiento de los estados modernos hasta la actualidad, con especial atención a los acontecimientos posteriores a la Primavera Árabe. En este contexto, se investiga en qué medida ha afectado el carácter rentista de los estados del Golfo al diseño de sus políticas de ciudadanía y naturalización; cuáles son los principales aspectos de dicha legislación en cada país; qué diferencias hay entre la utilización de los marcos legales antes y después de la Primavera Árabe; qué reformas legales se han llevado a cabo tras de la Primavera Árabe; y con qué objetivos se ha concedido o revocado la ciudadanía. El artículo concluye que las políticas de ciudadanía de los estados del CCG han sido un aspecto fundamental de la construcción del Estado-nación y del establecimiento de la relación Estado-sociedad, así como parte esencial de una muy elaborada estrategia para garantizar la estabilidad, supervivencia y legitimación de los regímenes políticos, con mayor énfasis desde la Primavera Árabe ; This article explores the legal frameworks of citizenship and naturalization of the six states of the Gulf Cooperation Council, and analyzes how they have been used since the creation of modern states to the present, with special attention to events after the Arab Spring. Within this context, it discusses to what extent the rentier character of the Gulf states has affected the design of policies of citizenship and naturalization; which are the main aspects of the legislation of each country; what are the differences between the use of legal frameworks before and after the Arab Spring; what legal reforms have been carried out since the Arab Spring; and with what objectives has citizenship been granted or revoked. The article concludes that the citizenship policies of the GCC states have been a fundamental aspect of the nation-state building process and the establishment of state-society relations, as well as of a very elaborate strategy to ensure political regime stability, survival and legitimization, especially visible in the aftermath of the Arab Spring ; Esta publicación fue posible gracias a la subvención PDRA # 2-1117-14120 del Qatar National Research Fund (miembro de Qatar Foundation)

En el régimen de Cooperación Internacional al Desarrollo se extienden los debates sobre la naturaleza y el alcance de la Cooperación Sur-Sur y su vinculación con la Ayuda Ofi cial al Desarrollo en un marco de replanteos sobre la efi cacia y la efi ciencia de la cooperación. La Cooperación Sur-Sur ha sido incorporada en el sistema de organismos de Naciones Unidas y a la Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos, pero es posible observar diferentes posturas adoptadas por los países latinoamericanos en torno a cuál debe ser el camino a seguir por la Cooperación Sur-Sur en su institucionalización. ; In a context of discussions about effi ciency and eff ectiveness, the nature and extend of the South-South Cooperation and its relation with the Offi cial Assistance Development is one of the main debates inside the regime of International Cooperation for Development. South-South Cooperation has been incorporated in the United Nations System and in the Organization of Ibero-American States, but it is possible observe diff erent positions adopted by the Latin-American governments about the way that should follow the institutionalization of South- South Cooperation. ; 93-108 ; carlamorasso@yahoo.com.ar ; Semestral

The role and place of public diplomacy in international relations, peace and stability, and the strengthening of mutual relations among nations are constantly increasing in the context of globalization. People's diplomacy plays an important role in shaping friendly relations between Uzbekistan and the international community with political, diplomatic and economic ties. In the development of public diplomacy, scientists, science and culture representatives, educational institutions, public and religious organizations, as well as public associations founded by fellow citizens, play a key role in the development of public diplomacy. The article aims to provide a systematic illustration of the history of cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan with Germany within the framework of public diplomacy. It follows from the following tasks: The Role of Public Diplomacy in Foreign Policy of Uzbekistan; Opening of the main directions of the German cooperation in the field of public diplomacy; The role of societies in the cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan with public diplomacy with Germany. The research has been used in the analysis, synthesis, history, logic research ways. The external mining partnership, formed in connection with public diplomacy, has given its results in the short run. In 1992, the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan received 36 representatives from 9 countries (England, Germany, Israel, India, Malaysia, Turkey, USA, France and JAR). In 1993, about 160 countries recognized the independence of Uzbekistan and established diplomatic relations with 60 countries. In 1993, The First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov visited Germany, France, England, the Netherlands, Japan and India. As a result of the visit, an agreement on cultural cooperation was signed with India, Turkey, Germany, France, Great Britain and China. The development of public diplomacy has played a significant role in the Uzbek Culture Days in Germany and the German Cultural Days in Uzbekistan. At the same time, the role of art and theater days in the countries in the development of cooperation between two countries in the sphere of culture was particularly significant. The role of friendship societies and cultural centers in the development of bilateral relations between two states in Eurasia – Germany and Uzbekistan is immense. The role of "Uzbekistan-Germany" Friendship Society and "Germany-Uzbekistan" societies, which unite representatives of two nations in the development of cooperation within the framework of people diplomacy are unique.

Libro de Investigación ; Este libro es el primer y único libro en ofrece un análisis completo y detallado del Paquete Anti-Elusión de la Unión Europea, junto con otras acciones europeas recientes y en marcha que se están sucediendo en materia de fiscalidad. Como consecuencia de la necesidad de los Estados Miembros de reconstruir una economía sólida y estable tras la crisis de 2007, la Unión Europea (UE) ha desarrollad un nuevo y robusto marco de transparencia con normas anti-abuso vinculantes e instrumentos más sólidos para lidiar con las amenazas externas a la erosión de las bases imponibles. Este libro deja claro que la fiscalidad se ha trasladado al centro del debate político de la Unión, y que la importancia otorgada a la armonización fiscal y la velocidad a la que está aconteciendo localiza las normas fiscales de la Unión Europea en el centro de todos los sistemas fiscales. ; Combating Tax Avoidance in the EU is the first and only book to provide a complete detailed analysis of the Anti-Tax Avoidance Package jointly with other recent and ongoing European actions taken in direct taxation. Following each Member State s need to rebuild a strong and stable economy after the 2007 financial crisis, the European Union (EU) has developed a robust new transparency framework with binding anti-abuse measures and stronger instruments to challenge external threats of base erosion. This book makes clear that taxation has come to the centre of the EU political debate, and that the importance given to tax harmonization and the speed at which it is taking place will put EU Tax rules at the very core of all tax systems. What s in this book: With contributions from both prominent tax academics and Spanish delegates to the European meetings where the EU tax rules are debated and promulgated, the book covers such issues and topics as the following: the development of the EU Strategy towards Aggressive Tax Planning; the recent tax-related jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice; the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive; tax treaties and non-tax treaties with tax consequences both between the Member States and between the Member States and third countries; code of conduct for business taxation; automatic exchange of information; country-by-country reporting; arbitration in tax matters; external strategy for effective taxation regarding non-EU countries; competition and state aid developments in direct taxation; the Common Consolidated Tax Base; and digital significant presence and permanent establishment. How this will help you: As the EU pursues its ambitious tax agenda, taxation s contribution to EU growth and competitiveness and its part in relations with the rest of the world will come into ever-clearer focus. In addition to its insights into these trends, the book s unparalleled practical information and analysis will be of great value to tax practitioners dealing with investment analysis, tax planning schemes and other features of the current international tax landscape. The internal and purposive view of the rules will help readers interpret and match the resulting rules and the directives preliminary approaches. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion