Suchergebnisse

International investment agreements have provoked intense criticism in the policy debate during recent years. Particularly contentious has been their "ISDS" mechanisms, which enable investors to litigate against host countries. This paper examines whether host countries would be better off with state-state dispute settlement (SSDS), as often alleged, assuming that SSDS cause political/diplomatic litigation costs that are not present with ISDS. Two separate reasons why host countries might benefit from SSDS are identified, but neither provides a convincing argument for host countries to move to SSDS. The paper concludes that host countries should reduce the stringency of their agreements, rather than introduce imperfections in the dispute settlement systems to reduce their bite.

Transcript of annual speech given by Governor Mark Sanford to both houses of the state legislature in joint opening session to report on the condition of the state of South Carolina.

Institutions have become the hallmark of development economics (e.g. Sokoloff and Engerman 2000, Acemoglu et al. 2002, Brunnschweiler 2008, Nunn 2008, Galor and Moav 2012, Voth and Voigtlander 2015). The state constitutes a crucial institution driving the development process. This can be seen by the strong parallels in human history between the emergence of mighty states on the one hand and economic, scientific and cultural progress on the other hand (e.g. Ancient Egypt, Classic Greece, Rome). Yet while a powerful state appears as a sine qua non condition of development broadly defined, it is not necessarily tantamount to economic progress and prosperity as exemplified by the numerous mighty autocracies that have undermined their countries' development in contemporary Sub-Saharan Africa. State power is therefore defined as the state's ability to broadcast power (military, police), and state capacity captures the capacity of the state to collect taxes and enforce property rights (e.g. Besley and Persson 2010). State power is necessary for a government to develop state capacity, yet it is not necessarily conducive to development-friendly institutions. This short note constitutes a first attempt to clarify the distinction between the two notions, and to hint at the drivers of state power, with a particular emphasis on geography.

For decades, the Democrats have been viewed as the party of the poor, with the Republicans representing the rich. Recent presidential elections, however, have shown a reverse pattern, with Democrats performing well in the richer blue states in the northeast and coasts, and Republicans dominating in the red states in the middle of the country and the south. Through multilevel modeling of individual-level survey data and county- and state-level demographic and electoral data, we reconcile these patterns. Furthermore, we find that income matters more in red America than in blue America. In poor states, rich people are much more likely than poor people to vote for the Republican presidential candidate, but in rich states (such as Connecticut), income has a very low correlation with vote preference.

Transcript of annual speech given by Governor Nikki R. Haley to both houses of the state legislature in joint opening session to report on the condition of the state of South Carolina.

Transcript of annual speech given by Governor Mark Sanford to both houses of the state legislature in joint opening session to report on the condition of the state of South Carolina.

Transcript of annual speech given by Governor Henry McMaster to both houses of the state legislature in joint opening session to report on the condition of the state of South Carolina.

Transcript of annual speech given by Governor Nikki R. Haley to both houses of the state legislature in joint opening session to report on the condition of the state of South Carolina.

Transcript of annual speech given by Governor Nikki R. Haley to both houses of the state legislature in joint opening session to report on the condition of the state of South Carolina.

Transcript of annual speech given by Governor Mark Sanford to both houses of the state legislature in joint opening session to report on the condition of the state of South Carolina.

The essence of a state is the expression of a society's political organization. There are many approaches to the essence of a state: the elite theory, the technocratic theory, the pluralism theory and others. These are distinguished by their correlation between state and society as well as by their view on the origin of the state. Each of the essential attributes of a state is of great importance: sovereignty, territory, enforcement of monopolies, taxes and levies, law-making, structural organization and others. The functions of a state express the main constant areas of activity, and are internal and external, permanent and temporary, economic and social. The form of a state includes the form of the government, the state structure and the political regime.

In this episode of Stray Landings FM, we are joined by Dr Monique Charles & Hence Therefore as we discuss the relationship between music and the state: how music can resist the state, the impact of state laws and borders on music culture, and the meaning of 'piracy'.

International audience ; Definition of what is a State Startup and 2012–2017 history of the French government digital transformation.

Although in recent years the international community has focused on how to fix fragile states, none of its standard remedies – more aid, economic reform and larger peacekeeping forces – has really addressed the fundamental problems troubling these places. In this article, it is argued that fractured societies require a new approach, one that is more firmly rooted in indigenous capacities and institutions.

Senior Project submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College