Suchergebnisse

The objective of this study was to explore the experience of the municipalities of the state of Minas Gerais that implemented local environmental licensing. For this purpose, representatives of the state administration were interviewed, and an electronic questionnaire was sent to analysts of 121 municipalities that took up environmental licensing, from which 39 responses were obtained. The key drivers of local environmental licensing were concerns over licensing procedural delays by the state government and the need for administrative efficiency. Knowledge of local conditions and the proximity between the local government, communities and developers were identified as facilitators of licensing. Shortage of staff, precarious hiring processes, and lack of infrastructure were identified as the main barriers to local environmental licensing. The municipalities that have implemented local environmental licensing perceive planning, administrative capacity, competent technical and legal teams, and capacity-building as essential elements of an effective local environmental licensing system. The study concludes with suggestions of future research avenues. ; The objective of this study was to explore the experience of the municipalities of the state of Minas Gerais that implemented local environmental licensing. For this purpose, representatives of the state administration were interviewed, and an electronic questionnaire was sent to analysts of 121 municipalities that took up environmental licensing, from which 39 responses were obtained. The key drivers of local environmental licensing were concerns over licensing procedural delays by the state government and the need for administrative efficiency. Knowledge of local conditions and the proximity between the local government, communities and developers were identified as facilitators of licensing. Shortage of staff, precarious hiring processes, and lack of infrastructure were identified as the main barriers to local environmental licensing. The municipalities that have implemented local environmental licensing perceive planning, administrative capacity, competent technical and legal teams, and capacity-building as essential elements of an effective local environmental licensing system. The study concludes with suggestions of future research avenues. ; The objective of this study was to explore the experience of the municipalities of the state of Minas Gerais that implemented local environmental licensing. For this purpose, representatives of the state administration were interviewed, and an electronic questionnaire was sent to analysts of 121 municipalities that took up environmental licensing, from which 39 responses were obtained. The key drivers of local environmental licensing were concerns over licensing procedural delays by the state government and the need for administrative efficiency. Knowledge of local conditions and the proximity between the local government, communities and developers were identified as facilitators of licensing. Shortage of staff, precarious hiring processes, and lack of infrastructure were identified as the main barriers to local environmental licensing. The municipalities that have implemented local environmental licensing perceive planning, administrative capacity, competent technical and legal teams, and capacity-building as essential elements of an effective local environmental licensing system. The study concludes with suggestions of future research avenues. ; The objective of this study was to explore the experience of the municipalities of the state of Minas Gerais that implemented local environmental licensing. For this purpose, representatives of the state administration were interviewed, and an electronic questionnaire was sent to analysts of 121 municipalities that took up environmental licensing, from which 39 responses were obtained. The key drivers of local environmental licensing were concerns over licensing procedural delays by the state government and the need for administrative efficiency. Knowledge of local conditions and the proximity between the local government, communities and developers were identified as facilitators of licensing. Shortage of staff, precarious hiring processes, and lack of infrastructure were identified as the main barriers to local environmental licensing. The municipalities that have implemented local environmental licensing perceive planning, administrative capacity, competent technical and legal teams, and capacity-building as essential elements of an effective local environmental licensing system. The study concludes with suggestions of future research avenues.

Este artigo tem a preocupação de analisar uma das experiências de colonização vivenciadas por colonos maranhenses que migraram para o Pará nas décadas de 1970 e 1980. Diante de um conjunto de depoimentos expressos por colonos que atuaram neste processo, buscamos entender o fenômeno da migração e colonização das terras do Pará, marcado pelo desafio de ocupar terras em que a floresta se constituía como paisagem predominante. É também um exercício de compreender as ações de homens e mulheres que no exercício de lidar com a terra e floresta constroem experiências de vida, estabelecem relações e asseguram a sobrevivência. Os deslocamentos, as ações de solidariedades e companheirismo, os conflitos entre os colonos e a busca por novas terras são questões também reveladas pelas experiências de migrantes maranhenses.

As representações sociais (RS) sobre as situações do trabalho docente geradoras de desgaste mental são investigadas segundo as abordagens teóricas de Moscovici e Abric. As informações foram coletadas mediante questionário (N=128), solicitando a evocação de situações geradoras de desgaste mental e, posteriormente, em entrevista (N=38), procedeu-se à tiragem sucessiva das evocações mais frequentes. As informações censitárias foram analisadas com o auxílio do SPSS; as evocações, pelo EVOC e SIMI; e as justificativas à primeira evocação, pela análise de conteúdo. Em ordem crescente são evocadas situações relativas a sentimentos, apoio, ambiente de trabalho, materialidade e centralizando a recepti¬vidade da docência; são destacados os fatores da sindicalização, do estágio da carreira, da formação, do sexo e do vínculo empregatício na constituição da RS. A coleta e a análise das informações revelam uma RS centrada no reconhecimento da docência, sendo nomeados o desinteresse, o desrespeito, a indisciplina e as salas lotadas como as situações que mais desgastam os docentes em seu trabalho.

The main objective of this paper is to characterize poverty and indicators of socioeconomic development of the micro region of the Bico do Papagaio in the State of Tocantins, Brazil, as theoretical referential Capability Approach (CA), from Amartya Sen. The main indicators used were: the birth rate, crude rate infant mortality, the human development index, literacy rate, fertility rate, the Gross Domestic Product - (GDP) per capita. The data were collected in the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the State of Tocantins and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). The results suggest that the micro region of the Parrot's Beak have evidence of decline in extreme poverty and with a tendency to reduce income inequality. Despite the micro region indicators progress, it has a long way to go to achieve a satisfactory level of human, social and economic development.

The political emancipation of the state of Tocantins, Brazil, occurred 28 years ago, The state is characterized by linguistic varieties due to the intense migratory flow of people hailing mainly from neighboring states of Maranhão, Piauí, Bahia and Pará. Porto Nacional, Pedro Afonso and Natividade, founded on the former northern region of the state of Goiás, are the towns with the highest number of immigrants. In fact, they are relevant historical places formed by autochthonous people and immigrants. Since the above-mentioned towns present important variation aspects of the spoken Portuguese language in Tocantins, current study identifies and analyzes rhotic pronunciation, graphematically represented by /R/ as a syllabic coda, in the three mentioned towns. Survey was undertaken with 24 topodynamic and topostatic informants distributed by gender and age. A segment of the questionnaire with 25 questions collected from the project "Topodynamic and Topostatic Linguistic Atlas of the State of Tocantins (ALiTTETO)"is investigated.

Abstract: Positive obligations of States to protect and implement human rights are considered a part of various effects of human rights in legislations. In this article, it is argued that a crucial problem arises from the inconsistent practice of addressing violations of human rights committed by juristic persons together with a lack of underlying general theory of liability for human rights violations committed by private entities. Without a major change in the legal doctrine and case-law, we will need to remain focused on the role of the State as a guarantor of human rights, rather than on the imposition of human rights obligations on private-law entities. In this article, it is argued that the nature of the relationship between a juristic person and the State is not the only relevant aspect, as we should also examine the activity of the juristic person in question.Keywords: Positive obligations of States. Juristic persons. State-juristic person nexus. Fundamental rights. Horizontal effect.Resumo: Obrigações estatais positivas de proteger e de implementar direitos humanos são parte dos vários efeitos dos direitos humanos nas legislações nacionais. Neste artigo, argumenta-se que um problema crucial decorre da prática de abordar violações de direitos humanos cometidas por pessoas jurídicas sem uma teoria geral da responsabilidade por violações de direitos humanos cometidas por entidades privadas. Sem uma mudança importante na doutrina e na jurisprudência será preciso permanecer olhando apenas para o papel do Estado como garantidor de direitos humanos. Neste artigo argumenta-se que a natureza da relação entre uma pessoa jurídica e o Estado não é o único aspecto relevante. É preciso examinar também a atividade da pessoa jurídica em questão.Palavras-chave: Obrigações positivas dos Estados. Pessoas jurídicas.