Suchergebnisse

This work examines the current state of Russian education on the basis of data of the researches which were carried out in recent years in our educational institutions. The main attention is focused on an explanation of existing distinctions and identification of the factors influencing the training results rather than on ranging educational institutions by level of pupil preparation. Similar researches make it possible to reveal strong sides and weaknesses of Russian education and to trace a course of actions for more effective achievement of the scheduled purposes.

A number of political scientists believe that the 'deep state' originated simultaneously with the state itself. But in fact, the authors of the article prove that the first effective 'deep state' in modern history appeared in England during the time of Henry VIII. Then, having nationalized the church, the king added to his powers the right to create and interpret norms. In response, reacting to the imbalance of the political system created by the king, the English aristocracy set out to control the monarch. The newly created network of influence was based on corruption: belonging to it guaranteed, to an official in the king's service, additional benefits and career perspectives. The mean of internal control of the network was 'ritual compromising evidence', when other members witnessed the violating of generally accepted norms and rules. This guaranteed that in case of betrayal the reputation and future of any potential renegade would be destroyed. However, this triggered the processes of 'normalization of violations,' which culminated in the Cromwellian revolution and the Westminster Confession, which not only nullified out all compromising evidence, but also abolished the concept of sin in general. After recovering from the upheaval, England managed to summarize and theorize its experience. In the following century, it started to extrapolate it to France, which was its main geopolitical rival, mastering the techniques of cognitive programming. The same processes, that had spontaneously developed in England a century earlier, were launched in France, but in a controlled and guided form. England managed to create its own 'deep state' in France, which, in fact, inspired and supported the French Enlightenment by introducing into the public discourse concepts, which were in fact, cognitive operators: their implementation led to the natural conclusion of the backwardness of France compared to England. At the same time, the 'deep state' became a stable construct: thus, classical institutionalism assumes it as an integral part of the secular political system. In particular, this was realized, and promoted as a norm, by J.-J. Rousseau. The authors draw a number of conclusions on the construction of the deep state. It is always a network of influence, an alternative to power, which actively uses corruption as an instrument of stimulation and employs compromising evidence as an instrument of control.

Дистанционное обучение обладает высоким дидактическим потенциалом, в связи с чем его развитие в Федеральном законе «Об образовании в Российской Федерации» и в Национальной доктрине образования в Российской Федерации до 2025 г. отнесено к основным задачам образования. В работе представлено авторское понимание дистанционного обучения как прогрессивной формы организации учебного процесса, которая использует современные информационные технологии и создает благоприятные условия для онлайн-взаимодействия преподавателей и учащихся. Рассмотрены организационные формы и различные модели дистанционного обучения, его деятельностные функции,а также принципиальное отличие от заочной формы обучения. Обозначены дистанционные платформы, способы и средства, обеспечивающие процесс коммуникации. Выделены проблемы, возникающие в педагогической практике при реализации дистанционного обучения: слабая обеспеченность образовательных учреждений компьютерной техникой; недостаточная готовность педагогов к работе с применением цифровых технологий; низкая готовность учащихся к усвоению учебного материала в режиме самостоятельной работы и обусловленная этим неравномерность учебной нагрузки; трудности идентификации учащихся как субъектов образовательного процесса; отсутствие непосредственного регулярного взаимодействия преподавателя и учащегося, а также учащихся между собой и возникающие в связи с этим трудности организации оперативного контроля и коррекции процесса обучения и ограничение способов воспитательного воздействия виртуальной реальностью в виде текста и видеоматериалов. В качестве перспективного направления дальнейшего развития дистанционного обучения предлагается его интеграция с традиционной формой преподавания и реализация в виде смешанного обучения.
Distance learning has a high didactic potential. Therefore, its development in the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" and in the National Doctrine of Education in the Russian Federation until 2025 is one of the main purposes of education. The paper presents the authors' understanding of distance learning as a progressive form of education that uses modern information technology and creates favorable conditions for online interaction between teachers and students. The paper examines the organizational forms of distance learning, its activity functions, its fundamental difference from external study mode; provides various distance learning platforms, methods and means that ensure the communication process. The problems arising in pedagogical practice in the implementation of distance learning are the following: educational institutions are poorly equipped with computers; teachers are not really ready to work with the use of digital technology; students are hardly able to study independently and as a result they cannot properly handle their study load; difficulties in identifying students as subjects of the educational process; lack of regular direct interaction of the teacher and the student, as well as students among each other; difficulties in real time monitoring and making corrections of the learning process; and limiting the ways of educational impact of virtual reality in the form of text and video materials. As a promising direction for distance learning, the authors suggest that it should be integrated with traditional training and implemented as mixed learning.

The purpose of the article was to identify the activities that determined the formation of the state archives of Belarus. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to solve several problems: 1) identification of sources containing information on the collection of documentary complexes, the acquisition of documents from centralized state archives and the organization of the system of archival institutions; 2) identification of persons who participated in the creation of the Central Archive of the People's Commissariat of Education of BSSR (Central Archive of BSSR); 3) identification of regulatory documents that preceded the first law on the archives of the BSSR. The relevance of the study is determined by the lack of development of the problems identified in the Belarusian archival studies. The article for the first time introduces into the scientific circulation sources about the acquisition of the first state archives, provides information about the funds of institutions, saved thanks to the efforts of D. I. Dovgyallo, N. P. Shklyaev, A. A. Savich, M. A. Vakhayev. The mechanism of transfer of archival complexes to the Central Archive of BSSR structure is revealed. Information is provided on the organizational, methodological foundations of the organization of the archival industry in the BSSR. As the predecessor institutions of the Central Archive of BSSR, the activities of the subdivision of the protection of monuments of antiquity and art of the art department of the People's Commissariat of Education of the BSSR and the academic center of the People's Commissariat of Education of the BSSR are considered. It is concluded that the activities of the People's Commissariat of Education and the dedicated efforts of historians and archivists were also the basis for the creation of the National Archives of the Republic of Belarus, the National Historical Archives of Belarus. Based on the information revealed, it is proposed to clarify the history of archival institutions and revise the dates of their establishment. As a result of a comparative analysis of the normative acts on the archives of the RSFSR and the BSSR, a similarity of the wording of the original editions and theoretical guidelines of the first normative acts on the archives was revealed. It is concluded that the archives in the BSSR was determined under the influence of the regulations of the RSFSR. However, it is noted that the practical work on the preservation of archives, their unification into large complexes and the creation of a network of state archival institutions in the early 1920s in the BSSR was carried out exclusively by internal forces, on the basis of normative legal acts issued by republican government bodies.

The purpose of research work was the development of the scientific base of the tariff management in electric power industry efficiency increase. Author develops the methodical approach to an estimation of the electric power cost influence on dynamics of regional social and economic development on the basis of use structural and regression analysis. Рroduction function has been accepted аs a mathematical basis. The numerical estimation of the power tariff and a total regional product of Sverdlovsky area communication is investigated fs a result. Also the short-term forecast of regional economic dynamics according to scenarios of the tariff change is developed. The presented scientific results can be used for short-term forecasting of regional social and economic dynamics.

Предметом исследования является изучение мер государственной поддержки инновационного предпринимательства в Российской Федерации. Цель представленной статьи - исследование российской практики государственной поддержки инновационного предпринимательства. Методология заключается в анализе научных публикаций и актуальных данных, статистической информации. Основные результаты исследования. В Российской Федерации отсутствует законодательно закрепленная и научно обоснованная система оценки эффективности государственной поддержки инновационного предпринимательства. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для совершенствования действующих мер государственной поддержки, которые описаны в действующих нормативно-правовых актах Российской Федерации и субъектов Российской Федерации, а также могут являться предложениями для изменения действующего законодательства Российской Федерации и субъектов Российской Федерации. Необходимо разработать систему оценки эффективности поддержки инновационного предпринимательства. Под эффективностью поддержки инновационного предпринимательства мы понимаем качественную результативность деятельности государства, рассчитывающуюся как сумма мер государственной поддержки. Под оценкой эффективности поддержки инновационного предпринимательства понимается соотнесение мер государственной поддержки с конкретными показателями предприятий в сфере инновационной деятельности.

At the turn of the century, the rogue state concept has become an integral part of the theory of international relations. However, even contemporary approaches lack the appropriate academic tools to reach a comprehensive understanding of the international community's role in determining the normative frameworks of the proper behavior of the states as the main actors of international system, leaving the relations between global community and the rogues almost an uncharted territory on the international stage. The article considers the category of rogue states as "excluded" members of the international community through the sociological lens of "stigma" (E. Goffman) and "labelling theory" (H. Becker and E. Lemert). Engaging an empirical case of Iraqi foreign policy during and after the Gulf War 1991, the author demonstrates two thresholds of the labelling state as the rogue: public initiation of the offender and self-fulfilling prophecy. It is possible to define some specific features of the outsider's behavior on the international stage: the high level of cooperation among the representatives of the same category, "unsustainable bravado" as the set of fluid and inconsistent actions of the rogue state in foreign policy, finally, the tendency toward obtaining the "secondary gains". Contrariwise, global community tends to pay greater attention to rogue states and exercise some discrimination practices on the ground of their outcast position in the world normative structure with the category of "wise" actors, for example China, being an exception from the common mainstream and maintaining close cooperation ties with rogues.

Recent years have seen the possibility of introducing into scientific circulation declassified documents of the highest state and political bodies, public organizations, and the spiritual directorates of Muslims, which until now were unknown in wide circles. They allow us to examine the forms and methods of activity of the Soviet state in building relationships with Muslims and to identify the directions, principles, and features of the work of state and public organizations in this sphere. A characteristic feature of religious policy in the late 1960s, one of the main conductors of which was the Council for Religious Affairs under the USSR Council of Ministers, established in December 1965, was the creation of a picture of the harmony of religious life and prosperity of religious organizations in the country. The Soviet Union demonstrated to the world that Soviet Muslims, like their coreligionists from other states, could go on Hajj to Saudi Arabia. The quantity of Hajj travelers from the USSR was extremely small and there was a huge disproportion not only between them and the number of Muslims who wanted to perform Hajj but also between the number of applications received by the organizers of the Hajj and the authorities, including the Council for Religious Affairs. At the same time, the heads of Muslim spiritual administrations could travel to Hajj several times. Analysis of archival documents discovered in 2022 showed the attitude to Muslims who made the Hajj from several angles: from the Soviet state, ordinary Muslims of the USSR, the authorities and Muslims of the countries visited by Soviet pilgrims during their journey, such as Sudan and Egypt. Very revealing is the attitude towards the Soviet pilgrims from the inhabitants of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ranging from ordinary people to the authorities, including the king.

Introduction: The article represents the author's interpretation of the actor composition of implementing information policy in modern Russia. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the main conditions of interaction between state and non-state structures of the Russian Federation in the process of determining priorities and strategies for ensuring information security in Russia. The problem of this research is actualized by increasing dependence of the mass communication domestic system on modern global geopolitical threats and foreign policy challenges. Russia and Russian society need a set of effective tools and methods to ensure the security and stability of the mass communication system. Methodology and methods: The main methodology of this study is the principles of the communicative approach (N. Wiener, C. Deutsch). Besides, the ideas about the technological core of political communication find their scientific and practical application (S.V. Volodenkov, M. Castells, S.V. Schwarzenberg). The analysis of the combination of public political communication and the processes of administrative-state management is based on the conclusions, which are contained in the articles of G. Lassuela and O.F. Shabrov. The empirical basis of the research is the public opinion polls of "Levada Center". Analysis: The modern world is increasingly differentiated by the degree of information richness: the more the country is informationally open, the faster the production of new ideas, their inclusion in political decisions. The modern process of political communication has shifted to greater interactivity. Information policy, political regulation of the mass communication system becomes the leading sphere of management activities of state and non-state structures. Discussion: The indicative model development of politicalcommunicative interaction of information policy actors in the Russian Federation is hampered by a number of problems. Some of them are associated with established practices of political administration by state institutions of information processes. Other problems come from the unwillingness of civil structures to carry out the functions of public political management in the field of information security. The result is a decline in public confidence in political information and the Russian media. Results: The author proposes the main forms of coordinated interaction of state and non-state actors in the field of information regulation, ensuring the information security of the Russian Federation. The researcher substantiates the idea of the relationship of the mass communication system development with the formation of information and communication competencies of the Russian Federation population.

The article discusses the features of teaching municipal law at the Faculty of Law of Moscow University. This was in uenced by various factors, the central place among which is the dynamics of ideas about the essence of local self-government. The issues of teaching municipal law at Moscow University are traditionally included in the range of tasks of the department related to the organization of state power - the department of state law, Soviet construction, now - the department of constitutional and municipal law. The teachers of the department have made and continue to make to the formation of local self-government and Russian statehood. Devoting their work to the problems of the organization and activities of local authorities, the teachers of the department, on the one hand, maintained the continuity of scienti c views, strengthening the traditions of the national state-law school, and on the other hand, they created the foundation for future statelegal (constitutionallegal) transformations, sensitively responding to the requirements of the time, and sometimes ahead of them. Special attention is drawn to the fact that the issues of teaching municipal law at Moscow University are traditionally included in the range of tasks of the department related to the organization of state power - the department of state law and Soviet construction, now - the department of constitutional and municipal law. The paper points to the contribution that the teachers of the department have made and continue to make to the formation of local self-government and Russian statehood as a whole.

The Russian labor market is experiencing a shortage of highly skilled workers, and there is a consensus in Russian society that it is necessary to attract and utilize the labor of highly qualified foreign specialists. The key question of the article is: how much demand is there on the Russian labor market for the knowledge and experience of highly qualified migrants? What types of economic activities and occupations are typical for highly skilled migrants? What is their horizontal and vertical mobility on the Russian labor market? The article shows that highly skilled workers who come from post-Soviet states to Russia take jobs which are not in demand among Russian workers; the main types of their economic activities are trade, construction, utilities, social and personal services, and household assistance. Neither specific skills and knowledge nor qualifications of foreign workers are demanded on the Russian labor market: over 80% of highly skilled migrants work at jobs which do not require their education or qualification. Vertical labor mobility is predominantly downward, and upward mobility is quite rare (downward mobility is less typical for highly skilled migrants who have received education in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus). The empirical basis of the study was the results of sociological surveys of 1,450 highly qualified migrants from the CIS and Georgia in 2017 and 1,050 in 2011.

Nowadays IT sphere all over the world experiences rapid growth. This situation also refers to the State of Israel that is considered to be one of the leaders in IT-startups and IT sphere in all. The development of IT has a great influence on economy of Israel and its economic development. Application software is usually defined as a main unit in information technologies. Therefore, legal protection of software becomes one of the most important issues regarding IT sphere. Intellectual property law in Israel is mostly based on British intellectual property law. International legislation concerning intellectual property also influences Israeli IP law. As in the majority of countries, in Israel software is considered as an object of copyright law and it is protected in compliance with its provisions. Copyright law is regulated by the Copyright Act passed the Knesset in 2007. The term of protection granted by this Act shall be the life of the author and seventy years after his death. In accordance with the main principle of copyright law, software has been protected since the moment the software was created. That means that software in Israel does not subject to registration or any other procedure of its kind. It is also possible to register a logo and a unique name of software as a trademark, and this can become a substantial addition to the law protection.

Данная статья посвящена изучению коррупции как системного явления. В статье предложено авторское видение свойств коррупции как современного явления с учетом развития информационно-коммуникационных технологий. Уделено особое внимание исследованию неумышленного нарушения норм антикоррупционного законодательства государственными гражданскими служащими. Объяснены причины этого явления, которые кроятся как в несовершенстве действующего российского законодательства, так и в недостаточном уровне информационно-финансовой компетентности государственных гражданских служащих. На основе анализа российского антикоррупционного законодательства авторы сформулировали критерии, позволившие определить этапы развития сведений о доходах, расходах, об имуществе и обязательствах имущественного характера государственных гражданских служащих как важнейшего инструмента антикоррупционной политики. Разработаны авторские предложения, направленные на повышение эффективности борьбы с неумышленной коррупцией государственных гражданских служащих.