Suchergebnisse

In the beginning of 2017 our colleagues and authors of Project Baikal received several state awards. Andrei Kaftanov received the Russian Federation Presidential Certificate of Honour for his active international and scientific work. Andrei introduced to PB the Swiss journalist Guy Mettan, who later became president of the Geneva Parliament. His valuable article on the Geneva-Lausanne agglomeration was published in PB 9. Guy Mettan was awarded the Order of Friendship. Andrei Bokov, who has also greatly contributed to PB (PB 5, PB 26, PB 50 and PB 51), was awarded the honorary title National Architect of the RF. ; Начало 2017 года ознаменовалось вручением сразу нескольких государственных наград нашим коллегам и авторам ПБ. Наш друг Андрей Кафтанов не раз посещал Иркутск, был гостем III межрегионального фестиваля ЗВС-2003, известен читателям ПБ как видный деятель Международного союза архитекторов, организатор многих международных выставок и конкурсов. Почетная грамота Президента Российской Федерации – достойная награда за активную международную и научную деятельность. Андрей в свое время познакомил нас с Ги Меттаном, журналистом, а впоследствии парламентарием из Швейцарии. Его рассказ об агломерации Женева – Лозанна был весомым вкладом специальный выпуск ПБ, посвященный агломерации (ПБ9). Высочайшего звания «Народный архитектор России» удостоен Андрей Боков, неоднократный автор и ньюсмейкер ПБ, гость главной темы этого номера (ПБ5, ПБ26, ПБ50, ПБ51).

В статье рассматривается проблема самоограничения государственной власти в правовом государстве. Авторы приводят характерные (имманентные) свойства государственной власти, делают выводы о ее политико-правовой природе, раскрывают основные проблемы, вытекающие из ее стремления к абсолютизации. Анализируются аспекты, касающиеся необходимости ограничения государственной власти в правом государстве, исследуются необходимость, возможность и способы ее самоограничения.В частности, авторы рассматривают политическое сознание граждан и правящего истеблишмента как один из наиболее важных инструментов, без которого невозможно достичь самоограничения государственной власти. Делается вывод о том, что государственная власть должна опираться как на универсальные потребности граждан, так и на общедемократические свойства политического устройства, ограничивая свои стремления к абсолютизации ради общественного блага, поддерживая законность и правопорядок.В качестве одной из наиболее распространенных моделей самоограничения государственной власти в современном политико-правовом поле авторы выделяют федерализм. В статье анализируются проблемы, возникающие на пути воплощения такой модели самоограничения как реально действующей и результативной, высказываются предложения по их устранению. Делается вывод о том, что федерализм, подкрепленный действенным механизмом местного самоуправления, является реальной основой действенного ограничения властного произвола, о чем свидетельствует опыт стран Запада. ; The article is devoted to the problem of self-restraint of state power in a legal state. The authors display distinctive (immanent) properties of a state power, analyze its political and legal nature and reveal major challenges stemming from the urge towards absolute authority.The aspects analyzed are related to the necessity to limit state power in the legal state. The necessity, possibility, and ways of self-restraint of state power are explored in the research.In particular, the authors consider political consciousness of citizens and ruling class as one of the major tools that are vital for self-restraint of state power. The conclusion is drawn that state power must be built on universal needs of citizens as well as on democratic principles of political systems, while limiting its aspiration to absolute power for the sake of social prosperity, supporting the legitimacy and public order.The authors dwell upon federalism as one of the most widespread models of self-restraint of state power in contemporary law and politics. The analysis is provided concerning the problems arising in the course of realization of this truly efficient and productive model of self-restraint, and some solutions to mitigate these problems are also offered. The conclusion is reached that federalism being supported by an effective mechanism of local self-government is a really effective limitation basis for state arbitrariness, which is proved by experience of Western countries.

In connection with the transition of Russia to market relations, a radical change was needed in the system of state regulation of procurement activities. The planned, strictly regulated procurement processes were replaced by the purchase of products on competitive terms when the customer has the opportunity to choose from a large number of suppliers' offers. Government procurement is a large segment of budget spending. The public procurement system is constantly being upgraded, its legislation, information and technical components are changing. This article discusses issues of control of activities in the field of public procurement, investigating the main provisions of the legislative framework for the regulation of procurement in the Russian Federation. Analyzed the mechanism of regulation of procurement activities by the state.

The phenomenon of emergence of shadow power structures – "deep state"is considered. It appears as a result of the interception of power functions by private structures, isolated fragments of the existing state, criminal or transnational structures. It is emphasized that the newly independent states are particularly vulnerable to the pressure of alternative centers of power. ; Рассматривается феномен возникновения теневых властных структур «глубинного государства». Оно появляется в результате перехвата властных функций частными структурами, обособляющимися фрагментами существующего государства, криминальными или транснациональными структурами. Подчеркивается, что новые независимые государства особенно уязвимы перед напором альтернативных центров власти.

In the article the question of state service evolution is presented; the author was concentrated on the foreign aspects of this problem. It is very important for the study of contemporary situation connected with civil service of Eastern and Western states. Also system of public administration of Russia was discussed. ; В статье представлен вопрос об эволюции государственной службы; автор сконцентрировался на зарубежных сторонах указанной проблемы. Она является очень важной для изучения современной ситуации, связанной с гражданской службой государств Востока и Запада. Также обсуждалась система государственного управления в России.

данная статья определяет механизм управления государственной собственностью ; раскрывает способ образования и основные виды законодательных норм государственной собственности как объекта управления ; рассматривает правовые свойства понятия «государственная собственность» ; а также сущность и значимость управления государственными активами ; подтверждает систематичность управления государственной собственностью ; предоставляет анализ правового режима механизма администрации в области применения прав государственной собственности ; исследует проблему повышения эффективности правовой поддержки динамики административных отношений ; воспринимая государственные активы как объект. ; this article determines the mechanism state property management ; presents a study of formation and the main trends of legislative regulation of state property as an object of management ; examines the legal characteristics of the phenomenon of state property ; as well as the nature and significance of the state assets management ; substantiates the systemic nature of state property management ; presents an analysis of the legal framework of the mechanism of administration in the sphere of exercising state property right ; investigates the problem of increasing the efficiency of legal support of the dynamics of administrative relations ; the latter having state assets as their object.

In this article, we prove a dependent character of the Russophobic narrative coming from the Baltic elites. This narrative is a form of political submission to the elites of the United States. The deterioration of relations with Russia is extremely disadvantageous for the Baltic states, but their dependence on the will of Washington does not allow them to face Russia. Russophobic accusations have no evidence base, and often act as an indicator of the hypocrisy of the accusing party. The following issues are considered: the risk of Russian aggression against Eastern Europe, claims to the Soviet Union for the occupation of the Baltic states, the sympathy of the Baltic elites to Nazism. ; В статье доказывается несамостоятельный характер русофобского нарратива, исходящего от прибалтийских элит. Этот нарратив — одна из форм проявления политической покорности элитам США. Ухудшение отношений с Россией крайне невыгодны для стран Балтии, однако их зависимость от воли Вашингтона не позволяет им обратиться лицом к России. Русофобские обвинения не имеют доказательной базы, а нередко выступают показателем лицемерия обвиняющей стороны. Затронуты такие проблемы, как: риск российской агрессии по отношению к Восточной Европе, претензии к Советскому Союзу за оккупацию Прибалтики, симпатии балтийских элит к нацизму.

In the middle of the 18th century in Germany was the unique religious situation when within the limits of the state many different religions coexisted. It gave an impulse for German philosophers to concern the questions of religion politic and the conditions under which the harmonic coexistence of adherents of different religions within the limits of one state might be possible. The article considers two such projects - the project of Kant (presented above all in a later work "Religion within the Limits of Reason Alone" and in an earlier article "An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?") and the project of Mendelssohn (in the work "Jerusalem or on Religious Power and Judaism"). The positions of both philosophers have very many common features, what allows us to assume a certain influence of Mendelssohn if not on the origin of the ethic-religious views of Kant then at least on the direction Kant's views developed and on the form they were expressed.

This article describes the current procedure for accounting for three types of state aid: subventions, subsidies and budget loans, as well as the promising directions of development of this object of accounting. The aim of the work was to illustrate the method of reflection in the accounting of the facts of economic life associated with the receipt of state aid for business entities applying the chart of accounts of commercial organizations. The study was conducted using General scientific methods: analysis of legal norms, analogy, comparison, extrapolation, etc. Considered in this paper principles for an accounting of funds to Finance current and capital expenditure and their depreciation in full conformity with the applicable accounting legislation, and will generate accurate reports to business entities. The paper reveals the conceptual apparatus, the emphasis is on the options of accounting for budgetary funds: the method of accrual and the method of actual receipt of resources. The technique of accounting of means of target financing, the income of future periods and their write-off on the current income are considered. Possible cases of reflection in the accounting of need of return of earlier received budgetary funds are opened. The analogy of accounting for budget loans with the norms of the current PBU 15/2008. The disclosed directions of improving the accounting of state aid, consisting in the option of reflecting budgetary funds in the balance sheet (either in the balance sheet liability as part of long-term liabilities or in the balance sheet asset by reducing the carrying value of the relevant articles), will be necessary for organizations in the development of an effective version of the accounting policy for 2020 when making changes to PBU 13/2000.

The article presents the data of International Renewable Energy Agency REN21 and Institute ofr Environmental Technologies AEF INTEC (Austria). In 2020 in electricity production hydroenergy topped (1170 GW, 4370 TWh), then wind enegy (743 GW, 1743 TWh), solar energy (708 GW; 901 TWh), bioenergy (602 TWh), geothermal energy (14 GW; 947 TWh). In heat production biomass comes first (4323 TWh), then solar thermal plants (501 GW, 407 TWh), and geothermal plants (108 GW, 284 TWh). In Russia by 01.01.2021 capacities and electricity generation were respectively: all power plants – 245.3 GW and 1047 TWh/year; hydro plants – 50 GW (20.4%) and 207.4 TWh (19.8%), solar plants – 1.7 GW (0.7%) and 1.98 TWh (0.19%), wind plants – 1.03 GW (0.42%) and 1.38 TWh (0.13%). The study also describes the state of the Russian market of renewable energy, and the role of the government in its development. There are presented the results of 2020 for small hydro energy (1182 MW), solar thermal (70 MW), geothermal energy (electricity – 84 MW and 428 MWh/year; heat – 110 MW and 280 MWh), bio-generation (electricity – 65.2 GWh and heat – 25.7 TWh).

New forms of manifestations of religious intentions in socio-political space have constituted themselves as markers of transformation in the contemporary socio-political coordinates. Revision of the dominant traditional linear approaches placed the focus of ideological and political discussions about the correspondence of stable and variable, traditional and modern in a religious prism. Emerging new configurations in the public and private spheres mark transformation of the traditional relations between religion, society and the state corresponding to the logic of the project of modernity and the paradigm of secularization and require new interpretation optics. The contours of the new designs are evident in the contexts of new challenges and threats related to global political risks of religious terrorism, loss of monopoly on the description of reality, including moral connotations in the understanding of progress of the principle of secularism, with the increased importance of religious and confessional identity, civilizational, local and personal-individual levels, forming the hierarchy of values that determines horizons of public and personal goal setting. The penetration of religious meanings in the political and social reality of various areas, their incorporation into ideological discourses of identity build a wide variety of interpretations in the extreme poles of which is religious outline of internal and external threats to social stability and understanding of religion as a resource of optimization of the political system. Institutional, axiological and ontological projection refracts the religious factor in Russian society in polyvalent and nonlinear ways, reflecting the multidirectional vectors of ongoing transformation. On the basis of sociological data of The Institute of Sociology, RAS, the given article analyzes a number of subjects, reflecting qualitatively new social relationships. The emphasis is on multi-scale conflicts, correlation between the secular and the religious in the coordinates of importance of the democracy attributes and social significance of religion, institutional and value aspects as well as the dominant ideas in the Russian society about the role of Church, religion and religious faith in human life and society. Growing importance of religious factors and religious identities in contemporary conditions, the incorporation of religious meanings in different spheres of society intersect with ' the needs of ensuring the unity of values and stabilization of the social system, as well as close attention to Russian civilization experience. Despite increased sensitivity of contemporary debates on the tragectory of political practices in Russia, the religious factor could be a factor of social cohesion, determining the search of new forms of relations between the state and religious organizations based on the challenges and needs of society and identifying the need for improving mechanisms and practices of state-confessional relations.

The article examines the new role played by the state as a deliberate economic actor. The basis here is provided by the direct activity of the state in regulating the economy, as is characteristic of all economically developed countries. But at the same time, market regulators are beginning to die away, and are already fulfilling a secondary role. This situation is resulting in a change to the economy itself, with the previous goal of development-the maximising of profits-being replaced by the maximising of social utility. The degree and significance of conscious economic regulation, whose basis is scientific knowledge, is increasing. A new quality of the economy, designated by the article as noonomy, is emerging; this is steeped in scientific knowledge and in planned, considered regulation. The objective basis of this process is a new technological order within which production is permeated by complex technological systems, and for which knowledge-intensive production is a primary requirement. All this is serving to bring changes to political economy. In place of the classical political economy that concentrated on research into questions of market production and exchange, the new political economy or post-classical political economy studies the relations between people from the angle of social utility, that is, the exchanging of knowledge, information and activity with the goal of achieving economies in the use of social time.

Hanin M.S. International Merchant Shipping. Economics. Politics. – Moscow, Transport literature: TransLit publications, 2011. – 128 pp.International aspect has always been an inherent feature of mercantile marine and of its operation, nevertheless national interests of the respective states (non necessarily those of the flag) have also been of great importance. The own shipping resources ensure for national economics an independence of foreign trade, a certain autonomy regarding freight market situation. The reviewed book describes different aspects of this topic. ; Ханин М.С. Международное морское торговое судоходство. Экономика. Политика.– М.: ТрансЛит, 2011.– 128 с.Морской торговый флот и его деятельность всегда носили международный характер, но не менее существенны для них и национальные интересы своих стран. Наличие собственных ресурсов судоходства обеспечивает экономике каждого государства независимость внешней торговли, свободу от конъюнктуры фрахтового рынка. Различные аспекты этой темы раскрывает и иллюстрирует рецензируемая книга.

The subject of the paper is state ideology is an element of labor market.The main aim of the paper is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that main tasks of state ideology as a key element of labor market are positive motivation to systematic long-term employment, as well as social responsibility of business by strengthening the information function of labor legislation.The methodology of the study includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparative method, description) as well as particular academic methods (formal-legal method, interpretation of legal acts).The main results and scope of their application. The modern labor market should be defined as the vacancy market. At the same time, neither the concept of a vacancy nor its characteristics are established by legislation. The state ideology plays an important role among other information flows in the system of mandatory structural elements of the labor market. The state ideology accompanies the socio-economic development of society. The formation of labor motivation holds the dominant position in the organization of the labor market. State policy in relations on the organization of the labor market is a set of management decisions of the authorities, which form the state ideology among other things. The state, when realize its interests in the sphere of labor legislation, should actively use the so-called advisory type of legal regulation of labor relations. The proposed analysis may become a crucial point for future legal research in the field of labor market.Conclusions. Positive motivation to systematic long-term employment, as well as social responsibility of business are the main tasks of state ideology as a key element of labor market. The formation and consolidation of such ideology will make it possible to apply the provisions of labor legislation more accurately in accordance with its meaning and purpose. ; Анализируется рынок труда и его элементы. Обосновывется важность государственной идеологии в системе обязательных структурных элементов рынка труда: она сопровождает социально-экономическое развитие общества, предопределяет государственную политику в сфере труда и занятости и служит ее целям. Делается вывод, что основу государственной идеологии на рынке труда должна составить позитивная мотивация граждан к систематической длительной занятости, а также социальная ответственность бизнеса.

The aim of the investigation is to denote the necessity of strengthening of the Russian language position as one of the strategic humanitarian priorities of the Russian Federation. Methods. The methods involve the analysis and generalisation of the documents' content in the last two years, concerning problems of the Russian language and the Russian literature. Results. Since the beginning of the 21st century, Russia takes active and comprehensive measures to support the Russian language and its spread around the world. At the same time, the Russian Government has approved a number of relevant documents, established the Council on the Russian language under the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as established the Council on the Russian language under the President of the Russian Federation. The large-scale package of measures aimed at promotion of the Russian language as an official language and as a language of international communication, as well as at supporting the Russian language abroad, has been implemented in the framework of the three federal target Russian language programs. However, the analysis of implementation of the mentioned above programs, as well as received social effects and current practice does not provide relevant solutions for the major problems and does not always correspond to the rapidly changing realities. Practical significance. The perspective directions of the state language policy in the field of the Russian language and literature are specified and formulated: the analysis of the programs and projects aimed at the development, distribution and support of the Russian language; providing coordination of actions of executive authorities in the presented study; improvement of the Russian language studying quality in schools in accordance with features of the general education in the national republics; professional level improvement of teachers of the Russian language; preservation of national languages of Russia; scientific studying and codification of the modern language, promoting of scientific knowledge of Russian and languages of the people of the Russian Federation; support expansion of the private initiatives connected with preservation and development of Russian in neighboring countries; creation of base for studying of Russian by foreign experts and labor migrants; cooperation with foreign specialists in the Russian philology, translators of the Russian literature and teachers of Russian ; Цель публикации – обозначить необходимость укрепления позиций русского языка как одного из гуманитарных стратегических приоритетов нашего государства. Методы и актуальность работы. Анализ и обобщение содержания появившихся в последние два года документов, касающихся проблем русского языка и отечественной литературы. Результаты. Показано, что с начала XXI в. Россия активно осуществляет системные меры по поддержке своего национального языка и его распространению в мире. Руководством страны принят ряд соответствующих актов, создан Совет по русскому языку при Правительстве РФ и соответствующий Совет при Президенте России. Масштабный комплекс мероприятий, направленных на поддержку функций русского языка как государственного и как межнационального средства общения, был реализован в ходе выполнения трех федеральных целевых программ. Вместе с тем анализ реализации этих программ выявил, что полученные социальные эффекты и текущая практика не в полной мере обеспечивают решение важнейших задач и не всегда соответствуют стремительно меняющимся реалиям. Практическая значимость. Уточнены и сформулированы перспективные направления государственной языковой политики в области русского языка и литературы: анализ программ и проектов, направленных на развитие, распространение и поддержку русского языка; обеспечение координации действий органов исполнительной власти в данной работе; улучшение качества изучения русского языка в школе с учетом особенностей общего образования в национальных республиках; повышение профессионального уровня преподавателей русского языка; сохранение национальных языков России; научное изучение и кодификация современного языка, популяризация научных знаний о русском языке и языках народов Российской Федерации; расширение поддержки частных инициатив, связанных с сохранением и развитием русского языка в странах ближнего зарубежья; создание базы для изучения русского языка иностранными специалистами и трудовыми мигрантами; сотрудничество с зарубежными русистами, переводчиками русской литературы и преподавателями русского языка