Suchergebnisse

Holding the news media accountable has traditionally been a task of the state in Jordan. Media laws and regulations are numerous and do not leave too much space for self-regulatory practices on a national basis. The Jordan Press Association (JPA) is the core of so-called established media accountability institutions. It conducted a law-like code of ethics in 2003 and runs ombuds committees (currently three) dealing with mishaps of the media to prevent journalists from legal liability. Though being a professional body, many journalists perceive the JPA as an extended arm of the government. Until 2010 the association was not prepared to deal with private broadcasting and online journalists in the same way as it does with press and state owned media journalists. Most media outlets in Jordan are characterised by a lack of accountability awareness and practices especially when it comes to actor and production transparency. Only recently have some news organisations (mainly net-native) become aware of their duty to be accountable towards their audiences. New comers to the field of online news, in particular, have experimented with citizens' involvement and have established a high level of responsiveness in their newsrooms. Online versions of the traditional news media have not yet caught up with this development but will be most probably forced to do so for economic reasons. Apart from economic strategies to better involve audiences, another driving force for media accountability practices in Jordan is the lack of media legitimacy mainly rooted in distrusting the media's independence from the state. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) point towards contempt of press freedom (e.g. Center for Defending Freedom of Journalists), lack of citizen concerned topics (e.g. AmmanNet, 7iber.com) and professional behaviour (e.g. Eye on the Media), or try to deepen the knowledge about the functioning of media (e.g.sahafi.jo). Blogs and social media play only a minor role because media criticism mainly gets louder when wellharboured taboos are tackled. Yet, blogs and social media might become the place to initiate discussion or to negotiate professional rules in the future of a fast changing media field.

Іssues of self-regulation in the field of construction industry are considered. The necessity of ensuring and controlling the construction production, which is closely connected not only with economic but also social factors in terms of ensuring safe conditions for living or work, minimizing technical and technological risks, shaping a transparent system of pricing and investment in the construction industry has been updated. Feasibility of introducing a self-regulation system in Ukraine, which has a number of advantages over the existing hierarchical structure of state regulation in construction, are determined, as follows: exemption of state authorities from performing unusual for them functions, application of a liberal approach to openness in the construction market, ensuring high quality regulation and supervision, possibility of combining the efforts of government and society with the aim of achieving a brand new level of functioning of the construction industry. In Ukraine, there are significant prerequisites for the development of a self-regulating system of the construction industry caused by liberalization of the economy, the European vector of integration and processes of power decentralization. The international experience is analyzed, on the basis of what priority directions of cooperation with the leading international organizations providing technical supervision and rendering the advisory help are defined. The role of self-regulation of the technical component of construction in conditions of decentralization of power in Ukraine is defined as symbiosis of a mutually agreed system of cooperation of government-business-consumers, where the first set "rules of the game" by establishing an effective legal framework, the second ensure the quality of finished construction products, and the third — carry out "natural selection" of quality products, ensuring competitiveness of only socially responsible business.

Contains articles on: Legislation as to state public utility commissions, State regulation and municipal activities, Uniform accounting and franchises, Public control over securities, Valuation of public utilities, Electric and water rates, Standards for service.

In connection with the transition of Russia to market relations, a radical change was needed in the system of state regulation of procurement activities. The planned, strictly regulated procurement processes were replaced by the purchase of products on competitive terms when the customer has the opportunity to choose from a large number of suppliers' offers. Government procurement is a large segment of budget spending. The public procurement system is constantly being upgraded, its legislation, information and technical components are changing. This article discusses issues of control of activities in the field of public procurement, investigating the main provisions of the legislative framework for the regulation of procurement in the Russian Federation. Analyzed the mechanism of regulation of procurement activities by the state.