Suchergebnisse

Research purpose. The study is focused on Covid-19 pandemic on the European Union. This study inves-tigates the current trends and trade-offs of Covid-19 pandemic and social inclusion trends in European countries. Design / Methodology / Approach. Methodology is based on conventional statistical index theory and statistics. The study investigates cases, deaths and key Covid-19 statistics. The research design combines key social inclusion statistics of the Eurostat to official Covid-19 statistics of the European Centre for Dis-ease Prevention and Control. Findings. The study reports basic trends of Covid-19 cases, deaths, deaths/cases and calculates these Covid-19 trends in relation to population in 28/30 European countries. This study reports trade-off -anal-yses of key social inclusion trends of European Union countries. Key indicators are linked to economic in-come, income distribution, poverty, gender issues and housing statistics. The 10 key indicators of social inclusion are analysed and reported with Covid-19 data. Statistical correlation analysis table is calculated with key European country indicators. The study reveals some relevant aspects of social inclusion policy of the European Union in relation to on-going Covid-19 crisis. Originality / Value / Practical implications. This paper demonstrates novel and exciting possibilities of transparent index calculation tools. Novel original results are provided by the authors. Value added and interesting results are delivered for European governments and business community. Results and findings of the study can be used in the planning of economic recovery policies in the European Union.

In order to warrant the quality of statistical information the Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania follows Quality declaration of the European Statistical System and Code of practice for European statistics. The Division of statistics on industry, accordingly, in order to improve the quality of information it publishes may increase the number of primary statistical data controls and error eliminations. Thus, the primary aim of this thesis is to improve the quality of data (on the amount and changes of production and trade of major products) that is published by the Division of statistics on industry, i.e. to automate the search for the logical errors in the reports on the production of industry products at enterprises. A software application was developed for the elimination of logical errors. It was tested with the set of primary statistical data (the data before the secondary editing) and it provided as its result a list of companies that have made some kind of mistake. By means of logistic regression it was found that the appearance of a mistake is conditioned by the method of submission of the report (i.e., the uploading of an electronic form), by the level of aggregation of a product code (i.e., the codes that resolve into smaller codes) and by the measures when they are "-".

In order to warrant the quality of statistical information the Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania follows Quality declaration of the European Statistical System and Code of practice for European statistics. The Division of statistics on industry, accordingly, in order to improve the quality of information it publishes may increase the number of primary statistical data controls and error eliminations. Thus, the primary aim of this thesis is to improve the quality of data (on the amount and changes of production and trade of major products) that is published by the Division of statistics on industry, i.e. to automate the search for the logical errors in the reports on the production of industry products at enterprises. A software application was developed for the elimination of logical errors. It was tested with the set of primary statistical data (the data before the secondary editing) and it provided as its result a list of companies that have made some kind of mistake. By means of logistic regression it was found that the appearance of a mistake is conditioned by the method of submission of the report (i.e., the uploading of an electronic form), by the level of aggregation of a product code (i.e., the codes that resolve into smaller codes) and by the measures when they are "-".

In order to warrant the quality of statistical information the Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania follows Quality declaration of the European Statistical System and Code of practice for European statistics. The Division of statistics on industry, accordingly, in order to improve the quality of information it publishes may increase the number of primary statistical data controls and error eliminations. Thus, the primary aim of this thesis is to improve the quality of data (on the amount and changes of production and trade of major products) that is published by the Division of statistics on industry, i.e. to automate the search for the logical errors in the reports on the production of industry products at enterprises. A software application was developed for the elimination of logical errors. It was tested with the set of primary statistical data (the data before the secondary editing) and it provided as its result a list of companies that have made some kind of mistake. By means of logistic regression it was found that the appearance of a mistake is conditioned by the method of submission of the report (i.e., the uploading of an electronic form), by the level of aggregation of a product code (i.e., the codes that resolve into smaller codes) and by the measures when they are "-".

In order to warrant the quality of statistical information the Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania follows Quality declaration of the European Statistical System and Code of practice for European statistics. The Division of statistics on industry, accordingly, in order to improve the quality of information it publishes may increase the number of primary statistical data controls and error eliminations. Thus, the primary aim of this thesis is to improve the quality of data (on the amount and changes of production and trade of major products) that is published by the Division of statistics on industry, i.e. to automate the search for the logical errors in the reports on the production of industry products at enterprises. A software application was developed for the elimination of logical errors. It was tested with the set of primary statistical data (the data before the secondary editing) and it provided as its result a list of companies that have made some kind of mistake. By means of logistic regression it was found that the appearance of a mistake is conditioned by the method of submission of the report (i.e., the uploading of an electronic form), by the level of aggregation of a product code (i.e., the codes that resolve into smaller codes) and by the measures when they are "-".

In this research a hypothesis about the economical measure, which could be an additional tool for the analysis and assessment of the European Union (ED) countries' economy tendencies is verified. This measure (for each country separately) was constructed as a composite indicator (CI) that involves indicators from economic fields. The dynamics of the CI was compared to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) tendencies during the analysis period. The CI of each EU country was constructed with monthly periodicity therefore this indicator may reflect the economic situation of economy more frequently than GDP.

In this research a hypothesis about the economical measure, which could be an additional tool for the analysis and assessment of the European Union (ED) countries' economy tendencies is verified. This measure (for each country separately) was constructed as a composite indicator (CI) that involves indicators from economic fields. The dynamics of the CI was compared to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) tendencies during the analysis period. The CI of each EU country was constructed with monthly periodicity therefore this indicator may reflect the economic situation of economy more frequently than GDP.

In this work regulation and implementation of electronic signature is analysed from 2000 to 2005. The information in this work is based on statistics data of Information Society Development Committee and Statistics department under Government of Lithuania Republic, laws issued by Seimas of Lithuania Republic and decisions made by Government of Lithuania Republic. It is affirmed, that qualified electronic signature has the same legal force to electronic data as signature on written documents. Qualified electronic signature will be introduced and implemented in public institutions providing electronic services to legal and physical entities by "one window" principle.

In this work regulation and implementation of electronic signature is analysed from 2000 to 2005. The information in this work is based on statistics data of Information Society Development Committee and Statistics department under Government of Lithuania Republic, laws issued by Seimas of Lithuania Republic and decisions made by Government of Lithuania Republic. It is affirmed, that qualified electronic signature has the same legal force to electronic data as signature on written documents. Qualified electronic signature will be introduced and implemented in public institutions providing electronic services to legal and physical entities by "one window" principle.

In this work regulation and implementation of electronic signature is analysed from 2000 to 2005. The information in this work is based on statistics data of Information Society Development Committee and Statistics department under Government of Lithuania Republic, laws issued by Seimas of Lithuania Republic and decisions made by Government of Lithuania Republic. It is affirmed, that qualified electronic signature has the same legal force to electronic data as signature on written documents. Qualified electronic signature will be introduced and implemented in public institutions providing electronic services to legal and physical entities by "one window" principle.

In this work regulation and implementation of electronic signature is analysed from 2000 to 2005. The information in this work is based on statistics data of Information Society Development Committee and Statistics department under Government of Lithuania Republic, laws issued by Seimas of Lithuania Republic and decisions made by Government of Lithuania Republic. It is affirmed, that qualified electronic signature has the same legal force to electronic data as signature on written documents. Qualified electronic signature will be introduced and implemented in public institutions providing electronic services to legal and physical entities by "one window" principle.

After Lithuania regained its independence, the market of land used for agricultural activities developed slowly. Agriculture was not among promising activities, and land used for agricultural activities was not in great demand. Only since the year 2000 this market became more active, and in the latter years its development has been rapid: land prices were going up, the number of transferred parcels was increasing. Such a development is mainly caused by the EU accession. Lithuania as well as the nearest neighbours Latvia and Poland joined the EU at the same time, but heretofore formed rural traditions and adopted political decisions on agricultural reform priorities and trends has made peculiar farm structure and different situation on the land market. The article deals with the situation on the market of land used for agricultural activities in these countries aiming to identify peculiarities of the land market formation. The analysis showed that after EU accession, the tendencies for land market development in Lithuania, Latvia and Poland were similar: the land market was developing rapidly, the number of land purchase-sale transactions increased, and the prices of land used for agricultural activities annually were going up. However, a level of land prices is different. These differences were caused by peculiarities of an individual country. Poland has never lost its independence, the organisational structure of country's government was well-established; therefore, this country could start formation of free-market economy being in more favourable situation than Lithuania or Latvia. As a result, the formation of land market in Poland started almost by a decade earlier than in other analysed countries. As regards a dynamics of land prices, in Lithuania and Latvia they are similar to the prices that were in Poland ten years ago.

After Lithuania regained its independence, the market of land used for agricultural activities developed slowly. Agriculture was not among promising activities, and land used for agricultural activities was not in great demand. Only since the year 2000 this market became more active, and in the latter years its development has been rapid: land prices were going up, the number of transferred parcels was increasing. Such a development is mainly caused by the EU accession. Lithuania as well as the nearest neighbours Latvia and Poland joined the EU at the same time, but heretofore formed rural traditions and adopted political decisions on agricultural reform priorities and trends has made peculiar farm structure and different situation on the land market. The article deals with the situation on the market of land used for agricultural activities in these countries aiming to identify peculiarities of the land market formation. The analysis showed that after EU accession, the tendencies for land market development in Lithuania, Latvia and Poland were similar: the land market was developing rapidly, the number of land purchase-sale transactions increased, and the prices of land used for agricultural activities annually were going up. However, a level of land prices is different. These differences were caused by peculiarities of an individual country. Poland has never lost its independence, the organisational structure of country's government was well-established; therefore, this country could start formation of free-market economy being in more favourable situation than Lithuania or Latvia. As a result, the formation of land market in Poland started almost by a decade earlier than in other analysed countries. As regards a dynamics of land prices, in Lithuania and Latvia they are similar to the prices that were in Poland ten years ago.

After Lithuania regained its independence, the market of land used for agricultural activities developed slowly. Agriculture was not among promising activities, and land used for agricultural activities was not in great demand. Only since the year 2000 this market became more active, and in the latter years its development has been rapid: land prices were going up, the number of transferred parcels was increasing. Such a development is mainly caused by the EU accession. Lithuania as well as the nearest neighbours Latvia and Poland joined the EU at the same time, but heretofore formed rural traditions and adopted political decisions on agricultural reform priorities and trends has made peculiar farm structure and different situation on the land market. The article deals with the situation on the market of land used for agricultural activities in these countries aiming to identify peculiarities of the land market formation. The analysis showed that after EU accession, the tendencies for land market development in Lithuania, Latvia and Poland were similar: the land market was developing rapidly, the number of land purchase-sale transactions increased, and the prices of land used for agricultural activities annually were going up. However, a level of land prices is different. These differences were caused by peculiarities of an individual country. Poland has never lost its independence, the organisational structure of country's government was well-established; therefore, this country could start formation of free-market economy being in more favourable situation than Lithuania or Latvia. As a result, the formation of land market in Poland started almost by a decade earlier than in other analysed countries. As regards a dynamics of land prices, in Lithuania and Latvia they are similar to the prices that were in Poland ten years ago.

After Lithuania regained its independence, the market of land used for agricultural activities developed slowly. Agriculture was not among promising activities, and land used for agricultural activities was not in great demand. Only since the year 2000 this market became more active, and in the latter years its development has been rapid: land prices were going up, the number of transferred parcels was increasing. Such a development is mainly caused by the EU accession. Lithuania as well as the nearest neighbours Latvia and Poland joined the EU at the same time, but heretofore formed rural traditions and adopted political decisions on agricultural reform priorities and trends has made peculiar farm structure and different situation on the land market. The article deals with the situation on the market of land used for agricultural activities in these countries aiming to identify peculiarities of the land market formation. The analysis showed that after EU accession, the tendencies for land market development in Lithuania, Latvia and Poland were similar: the land market was developing rapidly, the number of land purchase-sale transactions increased, and the prices of land used for agricultural activities annually were going up. However, a level of land prices is different. These differences were caused by peculiarities of an individual country. Poland has never lost its independence, the organisational structure of country's government was well-established; therefore, this country could start formation of free-market economy being in more favourable situation than Lithuania or Latvia. As a result, the formation of land market in Poland started almost by a decade earlier than in other analysed countries. As regards a dynamics of land prices, in Lithuania and Latvia they are similar to the prices that were in Poland ten years ago.