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Strategic communications has vaulted to the top of the agenda for governments in the West in the vain hope that it might solve a seemingly intractable conflict with jihadist groups, an adversary whose ideology seems to be an essential part of its life-force. However, these governments have failed to grasp why these groups are more adept at using stories to animate their adherents toward the achievement of strategic ends. Unlike Western governments, jihadists use communication to support their use of force. They treat strategic communications as an intrinsic element of war. Consequently, the internal coherence of their messages is greater and more persuasive. Moreover, their propaganda cadres are also nimbler; while they form a loose, decentralised network, they act in accordance with mission command principles, galvanised by a clear sense of the commander's intent and a higher tolerance for risk. Indeed, the West's failed use of strategic communications reveals a startling ignorance of several of Carl Von Clausewitz's principles and arguments, not least the importance of understanding the kind of war upon which one embarks.

Populism has been extensively researched in the last few years due to the resurgence of the phenomenon both in Europe and the USA. Most scholars have followed dualistic approaches focusing on an either/or model of populism as an ideology, a discursive frame, or a political strategy, and very little attention has been paid to the communicative aspects of populism. This paper argues for the need to work towards an integrated model of interpretation that takes into consideration the social, ideological, and political conditions that make populism possible or thriving together with the communicative elements of populist phenomena, as they are expressed in variant forms and duration in specific historical and social contexts. Evidence from existing empirical and analytical work is applied in the framework of a Strategic Communication model in an effort to enhance our understanding through a multidisciplinary perspective. It is shown that contemporary populism as a multifaceted power strategy cannot be sufficiently understood as a "communication style" or reduced to a "discourse analysis", but it would rather require a full examination and critical evaluation of political party strategies and media tactics, marketing communications, public relations and advertising campaigns designed to influence large audiences, utilizing multiple media platforms.

The diversity represented in this book, not only in respect to author nationality, but also in theoretical and empirical approaches, reflects one of the most salient features of the European Communication Research and Education Association: Organisational and Strategic Communication Section's identity. The spectrum of themes analysed in this collection – crisis communication, government communication, organisational communication and social media, corporate social responsibility, health media relations – demonstrates the range and vitality of organisational and strategic communication research in Europe. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Strategic communication creates value by co-creating the future. The pre-modern society was about the past, the modern about the present, and the post-modern is about the future. Globalization, digitalization and dematerialization are changing the world around us beyond recognition. Emerging market and developing economies have overtaken advanced economies with unimaginable consequences for our, Western way of life: the welfare state is dying. Digitalization is reconfiguring demarcations between public and private domains, political and commercial communication. Our understanding and regulation of rights and responsibilities regarding privacy and freedoms are outdated. Dematerialization is reconfiguring value creation and wealth is migrating from material into immaterial assets. Human, organizational and relational capital are co-created in processes of strategic communication between organizations and stakeholders. This is reflected in increasing investments in strategic communication and transformations of all kinds of organizations into media organizations. We are witnessing the emergence of mediatization of everything.

In this book we present the latest advances made in strategic and organizational communication. Beyond traditional approaches, we propose new ways of doing and understanding communication in today's society. We discuss situations far from the traditional path. We delve into global citizens' problems and the way in which dialogue and participation processes are connected. The problem of evictions and the emergence of citizens as new political actors, the management of sustainability in the digital era, the development of positive communication in socially aware companies, grassroots movements in defence of public space, how resilience can shape education, the use of brands and professional associations as activists in the defence of public interests, the feminization of politics and the power of visual elements in political campaigns are some of the issues addressed in this volume. In the book, communication is considered as the strategy to raise our voices and be heard. Strategic and organizational communication takes on an activist role to create a society that is fairer and more committed to citizens. The diversity represented in this book, not only with respect to the authors' nationalities, but also in the theoretical and empirical approaches, reflects one of the most salient features of the European Communication Research and Education Association (ECREA) and the Organizational and Strategic Communication Section's identity. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The purpose of this article is to compare in a general the main points of view on the issue of the strategic communications and justification on the basis of their dependence on the technological revolution and globalization. Was used the whole complex of philosophical, general scientific and specific methods of research, peculiar to the Humanities, taking into account their interrelation and complementarity. The article analyzes the scientific approaches to the strategic communication understanding, provides the most characteristic traits of the definition. The author specifies the factors of the rapid strategic communications development; its major components (public diplomacy, public relations, information and psychological operations) and technologies (the image-making, branding, intercultural communication, reputation management, spin-doctor). It is proved that in modern conditions the internal and interstate conflicts solving applying to information and information technology becomes of a greater importance; the latter development changes the management and communication principles and methods, having formed the revolution basis the in the field of international relations and military affairs. It is noted that "new media" through their accessibility to a social networking cause serious challenges for strategic communicators, thus resulting in serious cybersecurity threats on the Internet and information warfare deployment between strategic communicators from different countries with a global audience engagement. As a result it is concluded that strategic communication been determined by a scientific and technological revolution and globalization with their further development depends on these two phenomena as well as people's ability to react these challenges in time.

The diversity represented in this book, not only in respect to author nationality, but also in theoretical and empirical approaches, reflects one of the most salient features of the European Communication Research and Education Association: Organisational and Strategic Communication Section's identity. The spectrum of themes analysed in this collection – crisis communication, government communication, organisational communication and social media, corporate social responsibility, health media relations – demonstrates the range and vitality of organisational and strategic communication research in Europe.

The approach of governments to public information has changed from a rather traditional press release policy - based on interpersonal exchanges between politicians and journalists - to a professionalized and specialized process of strategic communication controlling the flow of news. In the light of this general development, news management is one practical solution for governments to strategically communicate their messages and use the media to further their political and policy goals. The paper explores news management of governments in modern mass democracies from a variety of angles. What is news management? Does news management matter and if so, how is it related to the political process? How is news management organized and how does it vary across different countries? Our assumption is, that the variation in news management, its styles and outcomes across different political systems depend on a series of contextual factors, originating in the political system, the media system and the media culture. The main objective of the paper is to analyze news management and compare the context in which it occurs in three Western democracies: the United States, Great Britain, and Germany. The central argument we propose is that media centered news management is most likely to occur in the United States due to the context of a presidential system, a highly commercialized media system, and the predominance of adversarial journalism . On the other hand, political news management is expected to be the dominant type of strategic communication in Great Britain and Germany. Both European countries not only have parliamentary political systems and strong party governments in common, but also kept a political press and a rather strong public sector television. They also tend to feature a less adversarial working relationship between the government and the media. ; Der Beitrag exploriert den Begriff des News Managementes als strategische Option der politischen Öffentlichkeitsarbeit von Regierungen in modernen Massendemokratien. Was ist News Management? Welchen Stellenwert hat News Management im politischen Prozeß? Wie ist News Management institutionell verankert und wie variieren die Stile des News Management in unterschiedlichen Ländern? Die Annahme des Papiers ist, daß die Stile des News Managementes von einer Reihe von Kontexfaktoren abhängen, die im politischen System, dem Mediensystem und der Medienkultur verankert sind. Der Beitrag analysiert die Ausprägungen des News Management von Regierungen auf der Basis einer Typologie von Mazzoleni für die USA, Großbritannien und Deutschland. Durch den Vergleich läßt sich zeigen, daß die Typen und das Handlungsrepertoire der Informationspolitik nach strukturellen und normativen Kontexten des Regierungssystems und des Mediensystems variieren. In den USA herrscht ein medienorientierter Stil von News Management vor, der durch die Kontextfaktoren eines präsidentiellen Regierungssystems, einer fast vollständig kommerzialisierten Medienlandschaft sowie der Philosphie des "adversarial journalism" zu begründen ist. Demgegenüber dominieren in Großbritannien und Deutschland politische Stile des News Management, die mit den Kontextfaktoren eines parlamentarischen Regierungssystems und einer starken Rolle politischer Parteien sowie durch die Existenz einer politischen Presse und eines öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks in Zusammenhang gebracht werden können.

Effective communications are today recognised as central not simply to achieving foreign policy or diplomatic success, but to realising any and all strategic aims. Consequently, strategic communications professionals play a critical role in a wide range of government agencies. In the light of an ever-transforming global media ecology, and the proliferation of state and non-state political actors who are able effectively to intervene in this fluid communications space, this observation has rising salience for international relations as a whole. Faced with rising geopolitical tensions, and public anxiety associated with terrorism, strategic communications has been viewed as an essential component of an effective response to campaigns by hostile state and non-state actors seeking to shape public opinion and attitudes in pursuit of their own strategic objectives. This article asks whether NATO members have given sufficient thought to the ethical puzzles raised by the changing landscape of strategic communications for international relations practitioners, and seeks to shed light on the practical ethical challenges faced by all strategic communicators in international relations today. We argue that effective strategic communication is an action that necessarily takes place within, and draws its efficacy from, ethical architectures that are settled constitutive features of international practices.

(Excerto) This e-book presents a selection of the research papers presented at the 5th European Communication Research and Education Association (ECREA) Conference in Lisbon, November, 2015. The book reflects the work of researchers within the Organisational and Strategic Communication (OSC) Section of ECREA from different backgrounds and higher education institutions in Europe and highlights the diverse professional and scientific interests of the Section. At the 5th ECREA Conference, the OSC Section selected almost 50 papers from the 90 submitted abstracts, which were organized into two specialist panels ("Government Public Relations in Europe: Critical Perspectives" and "Inconsistences Organizational Communication"), eight parallel sessions and one poster session. Those papers selected for Lisbon 2015 made a valuable contribution to key contemporary communications debates and issues. The peer reviewed papers presented in this volume share findings and "state of the art" critical reflections, which address the core objective of the Organisational and Strategic Communication Section of ECREA. They also continue the tradition of the promoting scientific knowledge in our broad and diverse field of research, which has been central to Section's raison d'être since its creation in ...

The tenet of this investigation, stemming from Conoscenti (2016 and 2017), is that since 2014 the NATO military have been unable to introduce specific correctives to their social media strategy, particularly on Facebook, thus endangering their role and strategic capabilities. This paper builds on the chance that the author had to attend and lead, as a subject-matter expert, the NATO working groups that are active in this specific communicative environment. This also offered him the opportunity to be a participant observer and to access specific documents of the discourse community under scrutiny. After clarifying the elements that frame the military operations in this field, the current NATO communication on Facebook will be analysed in contrast to its communication in 2014. The paper also aims to document the effort of younger military generations to adapt to this new scenario. To account for this, an analysis of military discourse methodology is used. To achieve this goal a multimodal analysis approach (Conoscenti, 2017; Norris, 2011; Kress, 2010) is blended with netnography (Kozinet, Dolbec and Earley, 2014). Since the NATO Facebook page is a specific case of Computer-Mediated Communication to be analysed with a Discourse Analysis perspective that incorporates content analysis, this can be achieved through an extended paradigm of WebCA (Herring, 2010).

The aim of the paper is to present the role of military leadership in Strategic Communication (StratCom). The contents of the paper include the major shift in understanding military operations and their environment, the main idea of StratCom and its evolution, and the essential StratCom functional areas. Having the background established, the paper discusses the principle of the key leaders' involvement (engagement). The principle is a fundamental prerequisite for effective StratCom, which proves the importance of military leadership in this field. The paper also includes the practical and theoretical implications referring to the assumptions of the positive management concept.

The aim of the paper is to present the role of military leadership in Strategic Communication (StratCom). The contents of the paper include the major shift in understanding military operations and their environment, the main idea of StratCom and its evolution, and the essential StratCom functional areas. Having the background established, the paper discusses the principle of the key leaders' involvement (engagement). The principle is a fundamental prerequisite for effective StratCom, which proves the importance of military leadership in this field. The paper also includes the practical and theoretical implications referring to the assumptions of the positive management concept.

This dissertation seeks to explore how institutional, organizational and individual factors influence the development of strategic communication. The dissertationillustrates how new institutional theory can be applied to address the development of strategic communication as a process that is produced on different interrelated institutional levels. It also shows that multiple levels need to be addressed in order to develop a more comprehensive understanding of strategic communication. Further, it describes how the development of strategic communication is restricted and enabled by societal and organizational discourse in processes that are not always controlled by communication professionals. The dissertation also explores howpopular ideas or successful recipes for strategic communication are spread between organizations in the same field, but are adjusted or translated in order to fit organizational preconditions. The results also highlighthow professionalism is understood differently by communication practitioners depending on the organizational sector they work in and how the institutional embeddedness of communication practitioners influences the ways in which practitioners commit to their occupation.Moreover, it suggests that the inhabited and perceived moral taint that is associated with communication practitioners shapes the professional discourse and hampers the development of a shared occupational identity. Finally, it is suggestedthat knowledge about the development of strategic communication can be found in the translations and local adaptions of new ideas and practices. Insights about the institutionalization of strategic communication might not only be found in realized structures and routines, but in micro changes that happen as the result of local circumstances. ; Vid tidpunkten för disputationen var följande delarbeten opublicerade: delarbete 2 under utgivning, delarbete 3 under utgivning, delarbete 4 inskickat, delarbete 5 accepterat. At the time of the doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished: paper 2 in press, paper 3 in press, paper 4 submitted, paper 5 accepted.

Although the term Strategic Communication seems to be a rising topic in communication studies, it is obvious that the term has been hardly visualized and explained from the U.S. government perspective in academic work. This paper theoretically visualizes strategic communication processes. The Department of State and the Department of Defense streamlined the use of strategic communication in different terms but they both focus on using soft power over hard power to gain support from foreign audiences through communication. Both departments especially after the 9/11attacks have developed programs to win hearts and minds of the target audience. This paper shows the salient process of strategic communication programs and conceptualizes principles of strategic communication from their perspectives. This paper after all illustrates the processes for theorizing strategic communication.