Suchergebnisse

The history, conception, & uses of the term public sphere are explored. A recounting of initial & subsequent political usage draws on statements by Kane, Tonnies, Habermas, Garnham, & Arendt. There is consideration of conflicts between populist & market-driven motivations for control of public information. A survey of the early 20th-century rise of public service broadcasting is followed by details of its weakening. Investigation of causes for the ongoing crisis in public service media links public sphere theory with major factors, including financial instability, questions of legitimacy, & technological evolution. A tracing of changes in the nature of populist space & discourse includes examination of micro-, meso-, & macropublic spheres. Acceptance of the complexities attending public spheres discussion calls for ongoing assessment of volatile issues including pluralism, political geography, distinctions between public & private zones, transience, & the need for a shift in definitions to include cultural phenomena such as talk shows & video games. 34 References. M. C. Leary

ABSTRACT This paper is a critique of dualistic notions concerning the structure of African economies, and the nature of structural transformation in the region. First, it questions theoretical assumptions that structural transformation in Subsaharan Africa is controlled and directed by market penetration. Second, it argues that, in reality, structural transformation is a process of mutual interaction between the institutions of capital and those of the traditional system. As African individuals, households and communities make deliberate choices about what to optimize and how to undertake the optimization process within given constraints, they choose from traditional and market norms to varying degrees. Finally, it is argued that the outcome of these activities is not a rural‐urban dichotomy, but a continuum which reflects different behavioral patterns in economic production and social relationships.