Suchergebnisse

Management of the mining sector in DRC today brings the logics of industrialization and artisanal mining into opposition. Public action within the country is largely powerless, sometimes even counter-productive. In a region so plagued by conflict, only action carried out by a determined civil society focused on increasing the capacity and autonomy of the various artisanal mining actors would allow the coexistence of these two approaches in favor of development. (Politique étrangère (Paris) / SWP)

Although studies of mobilization have given little attention to advocacy, its practice has elsewhere been the object of conflicting analysis. Some see the proliferation of jobs for advocates - salaried employees specifically charged with promoting the political line of the associations that employ them - as a sign of profound transformation. According to this group, the appearance of non-governmental actors with close ties to government is a source of major change for collective action and the political sphere. Others, however, regard the proximity of these forms of action to classic interest groups and political leaders as proof that advocates should be considered lobbyists. The present article draws upon an ethnographic study to examine these theories of the transformative advocate and non-differentiation. The view according to which advocacy constitutes a particular form of lobbying does not allow one to grasp the mechanisms by which this practice spreads and sometimes succeeds. The claim that advocates and lobbyists are much the same also neglects the structural asymmetry between these two groups. This observation calls for bringing greater complexity to bear upon the theory of non-differentiation and serves to qualify the enthusiastic statements of those who defend the idea of the transformational potential of these practices and the power of NGOs in the twenty-first century. Adapted from the source document.

W. Iazykoff
Expressing demands for training
Employees oral expression at the plant has become, recently, a major social issue. At what conditions is it possible, what goals should it serve, what effects will it have on the future of work relations ? The author examines these questions by considering a particular form of expression : employees demands for training. In itself, any type of expression brings about a series of structural transformations ; in individual representations ; in social partner's strategy ; in the internal forms of organisational regulation.

Our research work in this thesis draws its genesis from an interest in the literature dealing with the sector and the global value chain associated with the New Structural Economy. In a development process, Cameroon's timber sector is part of the global value chain. Several institutional and economic actors intervene not without difficulty in the development and industrialization stakes of Cameroon. This work mobilizes the theoretical references of the sector, the governance and the global value chain to deepen the analysis on the sectorial structural transformation of a developing country. The purpose of this work is to analyse the contribution of the wood sector to the sectoral development of the Cameroonian economy in view of studying an axis of industrialization appropriate for this sector, based on the New Structural Economy. We will use the theoretical benchmarks of the sector, the governance and the global value chain to deepen the analysis on the sectoral structural transformation of a developing country. Developing countries such as Cameroon lean on the exploitation and the export of raw materials to develop their economy. This document proposes a different strategy for the whole sector of wood. The country has an important forest potential but technical skills are missing. The necessary structural transformation calls for a new sector-based economic model more complete for the country. The result expected by our work is a Cameroon's wood sector combined with the global forest-wood value chain set in motion by a proactive governance. ; Notre travail de recherche dans cette thèse tire sa genèse d'un intérêt pour la littérature traitant de la filière et de la chaîne de valeur globale associés à la Nouvelle Economie Structurelle. Dans un processus de développement, la filière bois du Cameroun s'insère dans la chaîne de valeur globale. Plusieurs acteurs institutionnels et économiques interviennent non sans mal dans les enjeux de développement et d'industrialisation du Cameroun. Ce travail a pour objet l'analyse de la contribution de la filière bois en vue d'un développement sectoriel de l'économie camerounaise. Avec pour objectif d'étudier un axe d'industrialisation idoine pour cette filière en nous appuyant sur la Nouvelle Economie Structurelle. Nous mobiliserons les référentiels théoriques de la filière, de la gouvernance et de la chaîne globale de valeur pour approfondir l'analyse sur la transformation structurelle sectorielle d'un pays en développement. Cette thèse fait recours à un cadre analytique et théorique qui tient compte de la littérature sur la filière bois camerounaise. Une recherche documentaire sur le concept de filière et de chaîne de valeur globale s'appuyant sur les bases de données disponibles de l'ONU et de la Banque Mondiale complétée par une étude empirique avec un questionnaire réalisé à l'attention de certains acteurs de la filière bois camerounaise constituent la méthodologie de ce travail. Les pays en développement tels que le Cameroun axent leurs politiques économiques sur l'extraction et l'exportation des matières premières. Disposant d'un potentiel forestier important, les difficultés pour le pays se situent davantage dans l'adéquation des compétences techniques que dans le manque d'investissement. En complétant la filière bois on peut aboutir à une émergence économique sectorielle. La transformation structurelle nécessaire en matière de formation appelle un modèle économique sectoriel plus complet pour le pays. La filière bois du Cameroun couplée à la chaîne globale de valeur forêt-bois, mise en mouvement par une gouvernance volontariste est la résultante escomptée par notre travail.

International audience ; The political consequences of the structural transformation of labour markets and the growing uncertainties surrounding individuals' entry into these markets have produced numerous studies. For the most part, this abundant literature focuses on the process of demobilisation to which such conditions lead. Research on the metamorphoses of contemporary anti-capitalist activism in France suggests that these macrosocial transformations have, in some instances, given rise to a form of politicisation for a particular fraction of society. By analysing the transformations in recruitment to one of the main anti-capitalist political parties in France, the Ligue Communiste Révolutionnaire, this article invites us to reframe the question of the social logics of engagement and calls for a critical reassessment of sociological frameworks and methods. ; Les conséquences politiques de la déstructuration du monde du travail et de la précarisation croissante des conditions d'entrée dans la vie active ont surtout été étudiées sous l'angle de la démobilisation politique. Une recherche sur les métamorphoses de l'engagement anticapitaliste en France de 1966 à 2009, à partir du cas de la Ligue communiste révolutionnaire (LCR), invite toutefois à envisager un effet de ces évolutions macrosociales sous la forme d'une politisation d'une fraction particulière de la population, à l'origine d'un phénomène de mobilisation politique. À partir de l'étude des transformations du recrutement à la LCR depuis l'année 2002, l'article propose de revisiter la question des logiques sociales de l'engagement, en questionnant la pertinence des cadres d'analyse sociologique et des méthodes disponibles pour les appréhender.

International audience ; The political consequences of the structural transformation of labour markets and the growing uncertainties surrounding individuals' entry into these markets have produced numerous studies. For the most part, this abundant literature focuses on the process of demobilisation to which such conditions lead. Research on the metamorphoses of contemporary anti-capitalist activism in France suggests that these macrosocial transformations have, in some instances, given rise to a form of politicisation for a particular fraction of society. By analysing the transformations in recruitment to one of the main anti-capitalist political parties in France, the Ligue Communiste Révolutionnaire, this article invites us to reframe the question of the social logics of engagement and calls for a critical reassessment of sociological frameworks and methods. ; Les conséquences politiques de la déstructuration du monde du travail et de la précarisation croissante des conditions d'entrée dans la vie active ont surtout été étudiées sous l'angle de la démobilisation politique. Une recherche sur les métamorphoses de l'engagement anticapitaliste en France de 1966 à 2009, à partir du cas de la Ligue communiste révolutionnaire (LCR), invite toutefois à envisager un effet de ces évolutions macrosociales sous la forme d'une politisation d'une fraction particulière de la population, à l'origine d'un phénomène de mobilisation politique. À partir de l'étude des transformations du recrutement à la LCR depuis l'année 2002, l'article propose de revisiter la question des logiques sociales de l'engagement, en questionnant la pertinence des cadres d'analyse sociologique et des méthodes disponibles pour les appréhender.

International audience ; The political consequences of the structural transformation of labour markets and the growing uncertainties surrounding individuals' entry into these markets have produced numerous studies. For the most part, this abundant literature focuses on the process of demobilisation to which such conditions lead. Research on the metamorphoses of contemporary anti-capitalist activism in France suggests that these macrosocial transformations have, in some instances, given rise to a form of politicisation for a particular fraction of society. By analysing the transformations in recruitment to one of the main anti-capitalist political parties in France, the Ligue Communiste Révolutionnaire, this article invites us to reframe the question of the social logics of engagement and calls for a critical reassessment of sociological frameworks and methods. ; Les conséquences politiques de la déstructuration du monde du travail et de la précarisation croissante des conditions d'entrée dans la vie active ont surtout été étudiées sous l'angle de la démobilisation politique. Une recherche sur les métamorphoses de l'engagement anticapitaliste en France de 1966 à 2009, à partir du cas de la Ligue communiste révolutionnaire (LCR), invite toutefois à envisager un effet de ces évolutions macrosociales sous la forme d'une politisation d'une fraction particulière de la population, à l'origine d'un phénomène de mobilisation politique. À partir de l'étude des transformations du recrutement à la LCR depuis l'année 2002, l'article propose de revisiter la question des logiques sociales de l'engagement, en questionnant la pertinence des cadres d'analyse sociologique et des méthodes disponibles pour les appréhender.

This international comparison based on an in-depth field survey - with monographs of thirty companies and twelve training institutions - will give a new dimension and concrete understanding of the relationship between training and employment, work organization and education. Indeed, it clearly highlights major social characteristics in each country, with significantly different roles of Central Government and Local Authorities, big business and small businesses as well as trade-unions. Therefore the issue of centralization and decentralization in relation to labor flexibility can be approached in an original manner. It shows in particular the interest to pay attention to the size of firms and the characteristics of the organization of production. The Construction Industry is particularly interesting for its structural productive flexibility, a constituent and constitutive dimension due to ever changing localization of production sites. This study investigates its transformations, divergent or convergent, in a period of continuous crisis and brutal opening to international competition, during the Thatcher decade that provoked unprecedented restructurings. The search for greater flexibility has proved to be the center of these changes with the downgrading of existing wage protections and struggles around the training of skilled workers and weakening of their status. ; Cette comparaison internationale fondée sur les monographies de trente entreprises et douze établissements, offre une dimension nouvelle et concrète à la compréhension des relations formation et emploi, organisation du travail et éducation. Elle met clairement en évidence les grandes caractéristiques sociétales de chaque pays, les rôles sensiblement différents de l'Etat central et des Autorités locales, du grand patronat et des petites entreprises ainsi que des syndicats. Les dynamiques de centralisation et de décentralisation liées à la flexibilisation du travail se posent donc différemment en France et au R.-U. Ce livre démontre tout l'intérêt de ...

MENA countries is today, at the center of ambitious economic stakes mainly in regional integration and structural transformation. However, the Arab States of this region have suffered great shortcomings and vulnerability in the economic and productive system in the aftermath of massive political, economic, social and popular upheavals and upheavals. These shocks present a number of new challenges. The main objective of this thesis is to study the new dynamics of the structural transformation process in order to propose new development trajectories for these countries. In this context, we address issues related to the spatial determinants and effects of this process, the relationship between economic complexity and air pollution on the one hand, and economic complexity and inequalities on the other education. For this, we consider a dynamic panel of 133 countries covering an important and recent period (1984 to 2014). Using recent data and integrating previously little used parameters, we highlight particular characteristics of the process of complexification of productive systems. From a general point of view, the results reveal that the productivity performance of productive systems is very heterogeneous within MENA countries and that their determinants depend on the characteristics of the economies. The large disparities observed are explained, beyond the significant effect of per capita income, by a deficiency in the institutional system, particularly in terms of access to innovation, but also to the abundance of natural resources or the attractiveness of foreign direct investment. Beyond the individual characteristics of economies, spatial analysis shows that geographical factors such as urbanization rate, trade agreements, but especially spatial location play a very important role in the process of structural transformation.We also bring, thanks to the tools derived from classical mechanics, answers to the limits of traditional economic models which are difficult to demonstrate the existence of a process of ...

MENA countries is today, at the center of ambitious economic stakes mainly in regional integration and structural transformation. However, the Arab States of this region have suffered great shortcomings and vulnerability in the economic and productive system in the aftermath of massive political, economic, social and popular upheavals and upheavals. These shocks present a number of new challenges. The main objective of this thesis is to study the new dynamics of the structural transformation process in order to propose new development trajectories for these countries. In this context, we address issues related to the spatial determinants and effects of this process, the relationship between economic complexity and air pollution on the one hand, and economic complexity and inequalities on the other education. For this, we consider a dynamic panel of 133 countries covering an important and recent period (1984 to 2014). Using recent data and integrating previously little used parameters, we highlight particular characteristics of the process of complexification of productive systems. From a general point of view, the results reveal that the productivity performance of productive systems is very heterogeneous within MENA countries and that their determinants depend on the characteristics of the economies. The large disparities observed are explained, beyond the significant effect of per capita income, by a deficiency in the institutional system, particularly in terms of access to innovation, but also to the abundance of natural resources or the attractiveness of foreign direct investment. Beyond the individual characteristics of economies, spatial analysis shows that geographical factors such as urbanization rate, trade agreements, but especially spatial location play a very important role in the process of structural transformation.We also bring, thanks to the tools derived from classical mechanics, answers to the limits of traditional economic models which are difficult to demonstrate the existence of a process of ...

MENA countries is today, at the center of ambitious economic stakes mainly in regional integration and structural transformation. However, the Arab States of this region have suffered great shortcomings and vulnerability in the economic and productive system in the aftermath of massive political, economic, social and popular upheavals and upheavals. These shocks present a number of new challenges. The main objective of this thesis is to study the new dynamics of the structural transformation process in order to propose new development trajectories for these countries. In this context, we address issues related to the spatial determinants and effects of this process, the relationship between economic complexity and air pollution on the one hand, and economic complexity and inequalities on the other education. For this, we consider a dynamic panel of 133 countries covering an important and recent period (1984 to 2014). Using recent data and integrating previously little used parameters, we highlight particular characteristics of the process of complexification of productive systems. From a general point of view, the results reveal that the productivity performance of productive systems is very heterogeneous within MENA countries and that their determinants depend on the characteristics of the economies. The large disparities observed are explained, beyond the significant effect of per capita income, by a deficiency in the institutional system, particularly in terms of access to innovation, but also to the abundance of natural resources or the attractiveness of foreign direct investment. Beyond the individual characteristics of economies, spatial analysis shows that geographical factors such as urbanization rate, trade agreements, but especially spatial location play a very important role in the process of structural transformation.We also bring, thanks to the tools derived from classical mechanics, answers to the limits of traditional economic models which are difficult to demonstrate the existence of a process of ...

This international comparison based on an in-depth field survey - with monographs of thirty companies and twelve training institutions - will give a new dimension and concrete understanding of the relationship between training and employment, work organization and education. Indeed, it clearly highlights major social characteristics in each country, with significantly different roles of Central Government and Local Authorities, big business and small businesses as well as trade-unions. Therefore the issue of centralization and decentralization in relation to labor flexibility can be approached in an original manner. It shows in particular the interest to pay attention to the size of firms and the characteristics of the organization of production. The Construction Industry is particularly interesting for its structural productive flexibility, a constituent and constitutive dimension due to ever changing localization of production sites. This study investigates its transformations, divergent or convergent, in a period of continuous crisis and brutal opening to international competition, during the Thatcher decade that provoked unprecedented restructurings. The search for greater flexibility has proved to be the center of these changes with the downgrading of existing wage protections and struggles around the training of skilled workers and weakening of their status. ; Cette comparaison internationale fondée sur les monographies de trente entreprises et douze établissements, offre une dimension nouvelle et concrète à la compréhension des relations formation et emploi, organisation du travail et éducation. Elle met clairement en évidence les grandes caractéristiques sociétales de chaque pays, les rôles sensiblement différents de l'Etat central et des Autorités locales, du grand patronat et des petites entreprises ainsi que des syndicats. Les dynamiques de centralisation et de décentralisation liées à la flexibilisation du travail se posent donc différemment en France et au R.-U. Ce livre démontre tout l'intérêt de prendre en compte la taille des entreprises et les caractéristiques de l'organisation productive, le BTP étant particulièrement intéressant par sa flexibilité structurelle due à la mobilité de ses lieux de production. Cette étude a permis d'en étudier les transformations, convergentes ou divergentes, sous l'impact d'une profonde crise et d'une mise en concurrence internationale particulièrement brutale au RU au cours de la décennie Thatcher et qui a entraîné un mouvement de restructuration sans précédent. La recherche d'une flexibilité accrue s'est révélée être au centre de ces changements avec le contournement des protections salariales existantes et des transformations profondes de la formation et des qualifications.

This international comparison based on an in-depth field survey - with monographs of thirty companies and twelve training institutions - will give a new dimension and concrete understanding of the relationship between training and employment, work organization and education. Indeed, it clearly highlights major social characteristics in each country, with significantly different roles of Central Government and Local Authorities, big business and small businesses as well as trade-unions. Therefore the issue of centralization and decentralization in relation to labor flexibility can be approached in an original manner. It shows in particular the interest to pay attention to the size of firms and the characteristics of the organization of production. The Construction Industry is particularly interesting for its structural productive flexibility, a constituent and constitutive dimension due to ever changing localization of production sites. This study investigates its transformations, divergent or convergent, in a period of continuous crisis and brutal opening to international competition, during the Thatcher decade that provoked unprecedented restructurings. The search for greater flexibility has proved to be the center of these changes with the downgrading of existing wage protections and struggles around the training of skilled workers and weakening of their status. ; Cette comparaison internationale fondée sur les monographies de trente entreprises et douze établissements, offre une dimension nouvelle et concrète à la compréhension des relations formation et emploi, organisation du travail et éducation. Elle met clairement en évidence les grandes caractéristiques sociétales de chaque pays, les rôles sensiblement différents de l'Etat central et des Autorités locales, du grand patronat et des petites entreprises ainsi que des syndicats. Les dynamiques de centralisation et de décentralisation liées à la flexibilisation du travail se posent donc différemment en France et au R.-U. Ce livre démontre tout l'intérêt de prendre en compte la taille des entreprises et les caractéristiques de l'organisation productive, le BTP étant particulièrement intéressant par sa flexibilité structurelle due à la mobilité de ses lieux de production. Cette étude a permis d'en étudier les transformations, convergentes ou divergentes, sous l'impact d'une profonde crise et d'une mise en concurrence internationale particulièrement brutale au RU au cours de la décennie Thatcher et qui a entraîné un mouvement de restructuration sans précédent. La recherche d'une flexibilité accrue s'est révélée être au centre de ces changements avec le contournement des protections salariales existantes et des transformations profondes de la formation et des qualifications.

Schmidt presents his macroeconomic analysis of the air and space sector, in which he examined the structural transformations both current and future. These transformations are bound to respect two main imperatives: consolidation in order to reduce the number of operators and simultaneous enlargement and enrichment of networks such as partnerships and joint ventures. The role of the state in these developments, particularly in the case of France, is here to be kept at the center of this analysis. The resources at hand for the advance of European defense are compared then to the reality of the American military example to present the scope of developmental challenges that Europe will have to meet during the next decades. Approaches to restructuring the efficiency of the air and space sector will be shown to be necessary conditions for these accomplishments.

During the high economic growth years (1955-1973), Japan became heavily dependant on food, foodstuff and lumber imports. This evolution was due partly to general contraints (narrowness of land, rise in living standards, etc), partly to the structural transformations of Japanese agriculture (development of stock raising, shrinking of winter crops, etc). Custom barriers have been lowered in many cases. Nevertheless, agricultural and food prices remain very high, and the present policy is to stimulate the productions which, during the high growth era, had been given up to international concurrence. Priority is now given to maintaining or raising self-sufficiency ratios which had dangerously subsided during the sixties.