Left-Libertarian Movements in Context: A Comparison of Italy and West Germany, 1965-1990
The impact of the political environment on the goals, strategies, & eventual successes of social movements are discussed in a comparative analysis of the evolution of varied Left-libertarian movements in Italy & the Federal Republic of Germany, 1965-1990. Cross-national transfer of themes, actions, & strategies through the media & direct communication influence the goals of social movements at the national level, & it is suggested that the Left-libertarian movements tended to become less radical as they gained access to political power & class conflict subsided. The supportive or alienating stance of the dominant Left party had the most significant impact on the development of these movements, regardless of whether that party was in power. The specific histories of the student, women's, environmental, & peace movements are discussed, & it is argued that these movements became more radical as support from the Left diminished. Under these circumstances, movement goals are not determined solely by member beliefs, but are the result of interactions with other movements &, especially, the political environment. 3 Tables, 4 Figures. T. Sevier