Suchergebnisse

This article focuses on the connection between fi nancial aid systems in higher education and the development of inequalities in access to higher education. Although the student financial aid system is just one of a number of factors that infl uence a person's chances of studying in higher education, its role in a person's decision to pursue higher education may be of fundamental significance for those with lower socio-economic status. Therefore, the authors of this article focus on the effect of the fi nancial conditions of study on the chances that individuals from families with low socio-economic status have obtained higher education. The analysis looks at developments in the Czech Republic and the Netherlands, because Czech and Dutch student financial aid systems have been evolving in very different directions over the last two decades, while their secondary school systems continue to share very similar features. The analysis reveals that student financial aid based primarily on direct financial support (as in the Netherlands) was accompanied by a decline in inequalities in access to education, even though students had to pay tuition, while a system of financial aid primarily involving indirect support (as in the Czech Republic) applied over the same period did not inhibit increasing inequalities, despite the fact that during the period under observation students were not required to pay tuition.

Purpose of the article: Current students of Czech and Slovak universities have lived most of their lives in the separate Czech/Slovak Republic, in new political, economic and technological conditions and also in a more intensive contact with members of other cultures than the previous generations. This could have affected their self-identification, national sentiments and attitudes to the EU. There is minimum empirical knowledge answering the question whether this hypothesis is right. The aim of the research was to contribute to the reduction of this deficit in knowledge and provide a starting point for further, more extensive, studies. Methodology/methods: The research used a sample of 134 Czech and 119 Slovak students of economy oriented universities. The research data were collected by means of a questionnaire, providing us with quantitative and qualitative data. The results were processed separately for the Czech sample and the Slovak sample and then compared. Scientific aim: The aim of the research was: (1) to explore the extent of national pride of young Czech and Slovak students of economy oriented universities as well as their identification with their country; (2) to explore the young Czech and Slovak students' opinions on the entry of their country in the EU and what they expect from the EU membership in the future; (3) to compare responses of Czech and Slovak respondents and identify the differences in their sentiments and attitudes to the EU.
Findings: The research has revealed some differences in the extent of Czech and Slovak students' identification with the regional units where the respondents live and in the perception of the contribution the entry of their country in the EU could bring. The expectations of both groups of respondents mainly concern better standards of living and a better economic situation of inhabitants. Conclusions: Generally, the results indicate that the attitudes of the students of the selected economy oriented faculties to EU membership are related to the perception of economic benefits and contributions to personal development and success at the labour market on the one hand, and on the other hand, to the perception of personal identity formed in the context of the country's historical development. It means, these are not mere results of rational calculations - the results indicate that even the generation of young, economy educated people who grew in new conditions shares the sentiments connected with their national identity. Due to the size of the sample set, the results cannot be considered valid for the entire population of students of economy oriented Czech and Slovak universities. The purpose of the research was to provide basic empirical knowledge, mainly of qualitative character, that will form a starting point for further, more extensive studies.

Předložená studie pojednává o přijímání navracejících se druhů vyšších obratlovců zpět do české přírody, a to jak studenty gymnázií, kteří se při dalším studiu mohou dále věnovat problematice ochrany přírody a návratům obratlovců, tak studentů ze středních lesnických škol, u kterých se myslivecká péče o tyto druhy vbudoucnu očekává. Právě postoje studentů a mladých lidí jsou obecně velmi důležité pro přijetí těchto zmiňovaných druhů, protože nejen politiky a publicisty ovlivněná nejširší veřejnost, ale hlavně voboru vzdělaní lidé by se měli podílet na rozhodování o budoucnosti těchto zvířat. Celkově práce vychází ztvrzení, že lidé mohou mít o návratu některých obratlovců zkreslené představy, protože jsou ovlivňováni více než obecnými skutečnostmi, stále častějšími medializovanými spoty, poukazujícími např. na strach a obavy poškozených farmářů, přemnožování některých druhů a nanakažlivé nemoce, které některé druhy mohou přenášet. Kvůli celkovému zjednodušení byly v dotazníku uvedeny pouze tři možnosti vnímání, a to buď pozitivní, negativní, anebo neutrální. Zvýsledku je patrné, že jemnější členění dotazu by situaci spíše znejasnilo. ; The presented study discusses the phenomenon of acceptance of returning higher vertebrate species to the Czech countryside, both from the perspective of grammar school students, who can further study the environmental protection and facilitate the return of some vertebrates, and students of secondary forestry schools, expected to engage in hunting care in the future. The attitude of students and young people, in general, is very important for the acceptance of the discussed species, as not only the politicians and publicists have the right to influence the general public, but rather the specialists educated in the field should participate in the decision-making process affecting the future of these animals. Overall, the work develops a hypothesis that people may have misconceptions about the return of some vertebrates as, rather than focusing on general facts, they are influenced by frequently hyped points, such as the fear and concern of aggrieved farmers, the overpopulating of some species and the infectious diseases that some animals may transmit. A questionnaire was designed and circulated to obtain the required data. For general simplification, only three options were presented in the questionnaire, either positive, negative, or neutral attitude as further structuring could compromise the clarity of the results.

This paper deals with the topic of measurement of education services. The main part of output of education services is considered to be non-market in the Czech Republic and it is estimated a sum of related costs. Deflation has been traditionally done using input method i.e. recalculation of each component separately. The main drawback of this method is an assumption of direct correlation between changes in inputs and changes in output. Productivity can not be estimated therefore output methods based on direct volume measurement are now preferred for individual services. Methodology of direct volume measurement of education services has been developed in the paper. This approach is based on number of students in detailed breakdown weighted by costs in order to include changes in the structure of fields of study. Estimates are available since 2004 as data sources are available. Besides estimates of development of non-market output development of all education services is estimated. Adapted from the source document.

For all 60 years of the existence of the University of Economics, Prague (UEP) was statistics one of the taught compulsory course, and here also took place the specialized studies of statistics, which predecessor was Statistical and Actuarial engineering at the University of Special Sciences (within the Czech Technical University). The article focuses on the 50's, when at the UEP existed the independent Faculty of Statistics and when the lessons of statistics were difficulty exempted from the Stalinist dogmatism. Between the personalities is mentioned prof. Benedikt Korda (1914- 2010), who was the most famous person in the first period of Faculty, (there will be mentioned his remarkable CV), prof. Lubomir Cyhelsky (*1929), who was the head of the department in 1962-1990, and prof. Jiri Likes (1929-1994) as well, who was internationally acclaimed scientists in the theory of probability and mathematical statistics, whose name is used for one of the greatest lecture hall at the University. Since 1991 there exist at the Faculty of Informatics and Statistics the Department of Statistics and Probability (17 internal teachers and 13 internal PhD students), the Department of Economic Statistics (6 + 3) and the Department of Demography (6 + 4). Adapted from the source document.

The article deals with circumstances in which finance as a branch of study at the University of Economics, Prague (UEP) has been developed. Finance is taught both as a theoretical part of economic science and as a subject preparing students for practical work in the field of finance. Finance is one of the oldest branches existing at the UEP established at the same time as the University, in September 1953. At that time the soviet economic model was applied on the Czechoslovak economy including the field of finance. So the translations of soviet textbooks were used in addition to the Czech ones. In the sixties the problems in development of the Czechoslovak economy intensified and the necessity to strengthen the role of money in the economy was emphasized. This tendency reflected in the contents of teaching process. The period of normalization broke these efforts, but the teaching had never been completely restored to the position it had in the sixties. After 1989 the teaching concentrated on the role of finance in the conditions of market economy. Study program provides knowledge of the issues of financial markets, banking, insurance, national and local budgets and public finance. Adapted from the source document.

The results of students at different basic and secondary schools vary largely in the Czech Republic compared to other countries, and there is a strong connection between the results of students and family background. The Czech education system is also highly stratified, and student tracking begins at a young age. In this respect the most controversial element in the system are the multi-year gymnasia, the existence of which is nonetheless strongly supported by the public. This support is based on the conviction that multi-year gymnasia provide the most talented students with a good education, enable more rapid cognitive development for these students, and thus help cultivate Czech elites. This article sets out to verify whether multi-year gymnasia genuinely fulfi l the function associated with them. Hypotheses about the role of multi-year gymnasia are tested using data from the OECD PISA 2000 and OECD PISA 2006 surveys, the PISA-L longitudinal survey, and Higher Education Studies 2004 survey. The main analytic methods used are multi-level modelling and logistic regression.