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Presidential elections were held in Nigeria on 25 February 2023. The candidate of Nigeria's ruling All Progressives Congress (APC) party Bola Ahmed Tinubu won the election. He was known as a political 'godfather' in the South West. His major contender, Atiku Abubakar, 76, running on behalf of the major oppositional People's Democratic Party (PDP) lost, as well as the third, Peter Obi, 61, a candidate for the little-known Labor Party. He had hoped to break the two-party system that ruled the country since the end of military rule. But he failed despite enjoying passionate support on social media, especially among the Nigerian youth. Acting President Buhari, whose term has ended, had renewed his call for foreign powers not to interfere in Nigeria's internal affairs. Given the recent history of military coups in West Africa, including Russia's involvement, the military command again dismissed coup rumours. However, the latter were largely ignored by the general public anyway. Most people focused on more pressing concerns such as insecurity, fuel shortages and a shortage of new banknotes. Although Nigeria is a resource-rich country and oil and gas revenues have funded national budgets for decades, around 40% of Nigerians (83 million people) live below the poverty line while another 25% (53 million) are at risk. So far, Nigeria has not been able to benefit from rising global oil prices. Oil production has fallen to historic lows since 2021. Gasoline subsidies continue to consume too much of oil revenue. Nigeria's growth prospects are bleak due to further declines in oil production and heightened uncertainty. The new president has to cooperate closely with ECOWAS to tackle gang violence and insecurity in the West African region. The cooperation documents Nigeria's role as a political, economic and security policy hegemon in West Africa, often said 'too big to fail', as it is by far the largest and most powerful nation in sub-Saharan Africa alongside South Africa.

Der Beitrag analysiert die Zusammenhänge von Ehe, Familie, Familienrecht und gesellschaftlicher Entwicklung am Beispiel der Zonen Djugu und Irumu in der Subregion Ituri (Region Haut-Zaire); er hebt die soziale Bedeutung der Großfamilie (in Abgrenzung zur europäischen Kleinfamilie) hervor. (DÜI-Kör)

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den Problemen der Rinderzucht in den an Kinshasa grenzenden Subregionen Kwilu und Kwango, die zur Region (Provinz) Bandundu gehören. Ein gewichtiger Aspekt ist laut Autor die fehlende Integration zwischen der Tierhaltung und dem landwirtschaftlichen Sektor in dem betreffenden Gebiet. Abschließend unterbreitet er Vorschläge zur Verbesserung. (DÜI-Kör)

Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung der Bevölkerungszahlen in Zaire zwischen 1915 und 1984. Für den Zeitraum 1938-1984 schlüsselt er die Zahlen nach Regionen und Subregionen auf. Dabei wird das explosionsartige Wachstum der großen Städte, besonders der Hauptstadt Kinshasa, offenkundig. Die hohe Bevölkerungszunahme des ganzen Landes, so eine These, geht zu Lasten des allgemeinen Lebensstandards; die Dämpfung der Zuwachsrate sei daher erwünscht. (DÜI-Kör)

In a current period where people use more and more the Internet and are connected worldwide, our lives become easier. The Network science, a recent scientific domain coming from graph theory, handle such connected complex systems. A network is a mathematical object consisting in a set of interconnected nodes and a set of links connecting them. We find networks in nature such as networks of mycelium which grow underground and are able to feed their cells with organic nutrients located at low and long range from them, as well as the circulation system transporting blood throughout the human body. Networks also exist at a human scale where humans are nodes of such networks. In this thesis we are interested in what we call real complex networks which are networks constructed from databases. We can extract information which is normally hard to get since such a network might contain one million of nodes and one hundred times more links. Moreover, networks we are going to study are directed meaning that links have a direction. One can represent a random walk through a directed network with the use of the so-called Google matrix. The PageRank is the leading eigenvector associated to this stochastic matrix and allows us to measure nodes importance. We can also build a smaller Google matrix based on the Google matrix and a subregion of the network. This reduced Google matrix allows us to extract every existing links between the nodes composing the subregion of interest as well as all possible indirect connections between them by spreading through the entire network. With the use of tools developed from the Google matrix, especially the reduced Google matrix, considering the network of Wikipedia's articles we have identified interactions between universities of the world as well as their influence. We have extracted social trends by using data related to actual Wikipedia's users behaviour. Regarding the World Trade Network, we were able to measure economic response of the European Union to external petroleum and gas price ...

En Asie-Pacifique, la Banque asiatique de développement (bad) octroie chaque année entre 5 et 6 milliards de dollars de prêts. Cela lui permet d'exercer une influence considérable sur les orientations des pays en développement de la région. La bad est aujourd'hui le troisième plus important donateur en Asie du Sud-Est, après le Japon et la Banque mondiale. Son implication dans le processus d'intégration régionale est avérée dans le plan de développement de la péninsule indochinoise, plus connu sous son appellation anglaise de Greater Mekong Subregion (gms). Non seulement ce projet ambitieux est considéré comme le plus grand projet transnational de la planète, avec cinq pays de l'Asie du Sud-Est continentale et deux provinces chinoises, mais encore il est devenu le prototype de la grande vision de développement régional que la bad cherche à tester pour le dupliquer dans d'autres zones. C'est dans ce contexte que le mode opératoire de la bad sera également analysé au regard des critiques dont elle fait l'objet.

The implementation of regional cooperation frameworks such as the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) in the 1990s is likely to give more functions to cities located near or on the international borders. Under this economic and institutional context, Thai bordertowns, which are third-rank cities, and their counterparts in Laos, are transformed by an internationalization process, characterized by rising cross-border flows, the empowerment of transnational stakeholders, the emergence of unprecedented urban functions and the creation of new internationalized forms (such as cross-border transport infrastructures or special economic zones). Spatial organization at the urban scale suggests however that these dynamics differ on each side of the border, resulting from diverse national backgrounds and actors' strategies. Furthermore, the various types of interactions between the so-called "twin cities", located on the Mekong border and on economic corridors under the GMS cooperation framework, produce different scales of integration, from cross-border to emerging transnational urban systems. Studying these cities represents a way of understanding the ongoing process of regionalization in South-East Asia and shows that the latter is not only affecting first-rank metropolis, but second or third-rank cities as well. These bordertowns' internationalization raises thus strategic issues for governments and local authorities and represents a strategic tool for national and regional integration control. ; Les villes frontalières thaïlandaises et leurs doublets urbains laotiens sont engagés depuis les années 1990 dans un processus d'internationalisation. Ce dernier, lié à l'intégration transnationale promue par la coopération régionale, se caractérise notamment par l'augmentation du nombre d'acteurs internationaux qui conjuguent, à l'échelle urbaine, leurs stratégies à celles des autorités centrales et locales. Dans ce contexte de régionalisation de la mondialisation, ces petites villes, jusqu'alors à l'écart des flux en raison de ...

The implementation of regional cooperation frameworks such as the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) in the 1990s is likely to give more functions to cities located near or on the international borders. Under this economic and institutional context, Thai bordertowns, which are third-rank cities, and their counterparts in Laos, are transformed by an internationalization process, characterized by rising cross-border flows, the empowerment of transnational stakeholders, the emergence of unprecedented urban functions and the creation of new internationalized forms (such as cross-border transport infrastructures or special economic zones). Spatial organization at the urban scale suggests however that these dynamics differ on each side of the border, resulting from diverse national backgrounds and actors' strategies. Furthermore, the various types of interactions between the so-called "twin cities", located on the Mekong border and on economic corridors under the GMS cooperation framework, produce different scales of integration, from cross-border to emerging transnational urban systems. Studying these cities represents a way of understanding the ongoing process of regionalization in South-East Asia and shows that the latter is not only affecting first-rank metropolis, but second or third-rank cities as well. These bordertowns' internationalization raises thus strategic issues for governments and local authorities and represents a strategic tool for national and regional integration control. ; Les villes frontalières thaïlandaises et leurs doublets urbains laotiens sont engagés depuis les années 1990 dans un processus d'internationalisation. Ce dernier, lié à l'intégration transnationale promue par la coopération régionale, se caractérise notamment par l'augmentation du nombre d'acteurs internationaux qui conjuguent, à l'échelle urbaine, leurs stratégies à celles des autorités centrales et locales. Dans ce contexte de régionalisation de la mondialisation, ces petites villes, jusqu'alors à l'écart des flux en raison de leur position périphérique par rapport aux têtes de réseaux, se voient dotées de fonctions inédites en support de l'intégration régionale. Leur organisation spatiale se trouve ainsi reconfigurée avec l'apparition de nouvelles formes internationalisées, comme les infrastructures de transport transfrontalières ou les zones économiques en tête de pont. L'étude à l'échelle urbaine montre cependant que ces formes varient de part et d'autre du Mékong en raison de contextes nationaux et de stratégies d'acteurs différenciés. De la même manière, les interactions à l'échelle des doublons urbains chevauchant la frontière internationale et situés sur les corridors économiques de la Région du Grand Mékong diffèrent, créant des configurations allant de la juxtaposition de villes à l'émergence de systèmes urbains transnationaux. Ces villes frontalières représentent donc à la fois une échelle d'analyse privilégiée pour l'étude des dynamiques contemporaines de la régionalisation affectant, à différents degrés et selon des rythmes variables, les villes d'Asie du Sud-Est, mais aussi un outil des gouvernements pour renforcer l'intégration nationale et régionale.

El crecimiento urbano de Caracas.
Entre 1936 y 1971, la población del Aérea metropolitano de Caracas (AMC) pasó de 273 mil a 2 325 mil habitantes para llegar a 3 330 mil estimados en 1980. Teniendo en cuenta las limitaciones topográficas (de los 66 300 hectáreas que cuenta el AMC, solo 37 200 son urbanizables, 24 000 ya estando construidos), la concentración demográfica es muy fuerte, lo que dificulta el proceso de urbanización. Este último encuentra en el AMC esencialmente tres tipos de dificultades : un porcentaje elevado de marginalidad ; una inadecuación de los servicios ; la vetusta y el retraso en los equipos. Para remediar a estas dificultades y controlar el proceso de urbanización, el VI° Plano a definido región por región un conjunto de objetivos y en particular para el AMC : la creación de subregiones para crear empleos permanentes y correctamente retribuidos fuera del AMC, con autonomía frente al AMC pero integrándose sin embargo en la economía nacional ; la construcción de un sistema de transportes regional, integrando varios medios.

Mémoire de Master 1 Sous la direction de Thierry Sanjuan 119 p. ; The establishment of a new international airport in Sihanoukville is a matter for public and private actors concerning local, national and supranational stakes. It can be analyzed in economical and political terms. This work examines how stakes of local development take a geopolitical dimension: such a project is very important from divergent points of view and it can also be considered as a means for Cambodia to affirm its position at an international scale. It appears that Sihanoukville airport is the result of a tight economical and political collaboration between public and private partners, so that the country might have a more important position in regional trade and a leading political role in South-East Asia above all.

Mémoire de Master 1 Sous la direction de Thierry Sanjuan 119 p. ; The establishment of a new international airport in Sihanoukville is a matter for public and private actors concerning local, national and supranational stakes. It can be analyzed in economical and political terms. This work examines how stakes of local development take a geopolitical dimension: such a project is very important from divergent points of view and it can also be considered as a means for Cambodia to affirm its position at an international scale. It appears that Sihanoukville airport is the result of a tight economical and political collaboration between public and private partners, so that the country might have a more important position in regional trade and a leading political role in South-East Asia above all.

Mémoire de Master 1 Sous la direction de Thierry Sanjuan 119 p. ; The establishment of a new international airport in Sihanoukville is a matter for public and private actors concerning local, national and supranational stakes. It can be analyzed in economical and political terms. This work examines how stakes of local development take a geopolitical dimension: such a project is very important from divergent points of view and it can also be considered as a means for Cambodia to affirm its position at an international scale. It appears that Sihanoukville airport is the result of a tight economical and political collaboration between public and private partners, so that the country might have a more important position in regional trade and a leading political role in South-East Asia above all.