Suchergebnisse

Résumé Il ne s'agit pas dans cette contribution de décrire les différentes solutions proposées par chacune des écoles juridiques du sunnisme, mais de développer une compréhension, culturellement engagée, du pluralisme et de l'évolution des écoles de fiqh . Une telle approche suppose un exposé de la structure du système théologico-juridique musulman.

This article does not intend to describe the different solutions proposed by each of the legal schools of Sunnite Islam, but to offer a culturally engaged understanding of the pluralism and the evolution of the high schools. In order to do so, the article will first present the structure of the Muslim theological and legal system. Adapted from the source document.

Throughout Islamic history, we observe enmity and conflicts between Sunnism and Shiism, nonetheless there has been also reconciliation between these sects. This article examines the opportunities and challenges of Sunni-Shia convergence in Indonesia. Such a picture will reveal a better understanding of the features of Sunni-Shia convergence in the country and their relationship with the notion of 'Indonesian Islam'. The hostility between Shiism and Sunnism in Indonesia is triggered by misunderstandings between these sects, politicisation of Shiism, as well as geopolitical tensions in the Middle East. These constitute the challenges of Sunni-Shia convergence. One may also observe the ventures of Sunni-Shia convergence which have been undertaken by the scholars of the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah, and other Islamic civil society organisations. Grounding on these enterprises and the enduring elaboration of 'Indonesian Islam', the opportunities of and the prospects for Sunni-Shia rapprochement in the country are envisaged.

Traces the historic construction of the Arabic terms, shariah, Sunnism, & jihad, in order to shed light on the conflict surrounding them in the Muslim world, noting that these three words are at the core of the continuing conflict between Islamists & secularists that emerged in the early 20th century. It is maintained that the set of rules called shariah is subject to interpretation & a involves adaptation to shifting needs of society. The schism between Sunnis & Shiites is shown to be linked to different interpretations of shariah that reflect the different positions of reformers & traditionalists. It is argued that jihad is the most misunderstood concept in Islam. Although it can have violent connotations, it simply means "struggle" in Arabic, & refers primarily to the peaceful struggle to lead a decent life free from evil/temptation. Its more violent meaning focuses on defense against oppression/tyranny & the struggle for justice, freedom, & human dignity. The need for intellectual debates aimed at finding a middle ground in the conflict between secularists & Islamists is discussed. J. Lindroth

This brief analyses Salafism as an urban phenomenon, with an emphasis on the contentious period following the Syrian uprising turned civil war (2011–present). To understand Salafism's popular appeal, it is necessary to examine the pathways of resistance in specific urban contexts. In Lebanon, Salafism expanded from its Tripoli centre to secondary towns and cities such as Sidon, where Sheikh Ahmad Assir's neo-Salafism became a political force and can be classified as a "new social movement". Neo-Salafism, is not built on religious credentials and authority, but combines populism with sectarianism. This also accounts for its popular appeal, especially after 2011, when the Syrian conflict stoked Sunni-Shia tensions and anti-Hizbollah rhetoric. The erosion of Sunni political pre-eminence ("Sunnism") and the crises in the Sunni religious (Dar al-Fatwa) and political establishment (Future Movement), prompted a temporary shift from "Harirism" to "Sheikism" that transferred the moral leadership of the Sunni community from the political elite to the lay town preacher; Sheikh Ahmad al-Assir. This also involved a shift in the locus of contentious politics from the capital Beirut to secondary cities such as Sidon and a strategic shift from electoral politics to grassroots' protests, sit-ins and rallies. Ultimately this led to an armed confrontation that crushed the Assir-movement, eroded its popular support and was followed by an electoral defeat that made political elites reassert control. HYRES – Hybrid Pathways to Resistance in the Islamic World HYRES studies the interaction between Islamist movements and the state in the cases of Iraq, Lebanon, Libya and Mali, and is designed to answer the following question: Why do some Islamist groups pursue their political and religious project within the state to which they belong – while other Islamist groups refuse to accept these borders, seeking instead to establish new polities, such as restoring the Islamic Caliphate? HYRES is funded by the Norwegian Research Council. For further information about HYRES see https://www.nupi.no/nupi_eng/About-NUPI/Projects-centres-and-programmes/Hybrid-paths-to-resistance-in-the-Muslim-world-Iraq-Lebanon-Libya-and-Mali. ; Sunnism, Salafism, Sheikism: Urban Pathways of Resistance in Sidon, Lebanon ; publishedVersion