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During the past 20 years, survey methodology has undergone a paradigm shift. The old paradigm was based on a statistical model that focused on the effects of survey errors on the estimates derived from survey data. The new paradigm is based on a social scientific model that focuses on the causes of survey errors. Several developments have helped bring about this shift -- the application of methods & concepts from cognitive psychology to the reduction of survey measurement error, the development of new computerized methods of data collection, & the increase in concern about measurement & nonresponse as sources of error in survey estimates. The new paradigm has little to say about the topics, such as sampling error, that were central to the old one; similarly, the old paradigm had little to say about how to reduce or prevent errors, a major concern for the new one. Thus, the two paradigms do not clash so much as complement each other. 17 References. Adapted from the source document.

Introduction / Uwe Engel -- Motivated misreporting : shaping answers to reduce survey burden / Roger Tourangeau, Frauke Kreuter, and Stephanie Eckman -- Audio-recording of open-ended survey questions : a solution to the problems of interviewer transcription? / Patrick Sturgis and Rebekah Luff -- Framing effects / Uwe Engel and Britta Köster -- Estimating and comparing the quality of different scales of an online survey using an MTMM approach / Melanie Revilla and Willem E. Saris -- Collecting MTMM data on satisfaction with life / Laura Burmeister and Uwe Engel -- On the quality of web panels / Jelke Bethlehem -- Online surveys and the burden of mobile responding / Marika de Bruijne and Marije Oudejans -- Well-being, survey attitudes, and readiness to report on everyday life events in an experience sampling study / Laura Burmeister, Uwe Engel, and Björn Oliver Schmidt -- Nonresponse, measurement error, and estimates of change : lessons from the German PPSM panel / Suat Can and Uwe Engel -- Handling of missing data in statistical analyses / Daniel Salfrán and Martin Spiess -- Multiple imputation of overdispersed multilevel count data / Kristian Kleinke and Jost Reinecke

Introduction / Uwe Engel -- Motivated misreporting : shaping answers to reduce survey burden / Roger Tourangeau, Frauke Kreuter, and Stephanie Eckman -- Audio-recording of open-ended survey questions : a solution to the problems of interviewer transcription? / Patrick Sturgis and Rebekah Luff -- Framing effects / Uwe Engel and Britta Köster -- Estimating and comparing the quality of different scales of an online survey using an MTMM approach / Melanie Revilla and Willem E. Saris -- Collecting MTMM data on satisfaction with life / Laura Burmeister and Uwe Engel -- On the quality of web panels / Jelke Bethlehem -- Online surveys and the burden of mobile responding / Marika de Bruijne and Marije Oudejans -- Well-being, survey attitudes, and readiness to report on everyday life events in an experience sampling study / Laura Burmeister, Uwe Engel, and Björn Oliver Schmidt -- Nonresponse, measurement error, and estimates of change : lessons from the German PPSM panel / Suat Can and Uwe Engel -- Handling of missing data in statistical analyses / Daniel Salfrán and Martin Spiess -- Multiple imputation of overdispersed multilevel count data / Kristian Kleinke and Jost Reinecke

Der Arbeitsbericht diskutiert Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Datenerhebungsmethoden auf die Antwortausprägungen der Befragten. Im Mittelpunkt der Erörterungen stehen die direkte Kommunikation in face-to-face-Situationen, Telefoninterviews und schriftliche Befragungen. Die jeweiligen Effekte werden durchgängig daraufhin reflektiert, inwieweit sie kognitiven und/ oder kommunikativen Prozessen zuzuordnen sind. Hingewiesen wird in diesem Zusammenhang auch darauf, daß ein komplexes Geflecht von Bedingungsfaktoren anzutreffen ist, weil nicht nur die Form der Präsentation von Fragen die Antwortausprägungen bestimmt, sondern gleichzeitig die Organisation der Befragung selbst die Anordnung und Formulierung der Untersuchungsfragen ein Stück weit determiniert, so daß unterschiedliche Antwortausprägungen durch die Anlage der Untersuchung selbst bestimmt sein können. (GF)

The validity of R reports concerning the signing of an initiative petition is explored through data from two sources, both relating to an Idaho ballot initiative of 1978. Questionnaire data were obtained in early 1979 from 196 randomly chosen petition signatories & from 718 randomly chosen state residents. In this case, self-reporting of political behavior seriously underestimates the true extent of the public's political involvement. Further, dependence on self-reported political participation distorts conclusions about both the sources & the consequences of participation. 3 Tables. Modified HA.