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During the past 20 years, survey methodology has undergone a paradigm shift. The old paradigm was based on a statistical model that focused on the effects of survey errors on the estimates derived from survey data. The new paradigm is based on a social scientific model that focuses on the causes of survey errors. Several developments have helped bring about this shift -- the application of methods & concepts from cognitive psychology to the reduction of survey measurement error, the development of new computerized methods of data collection, & the increase in concern about measurement & nonresponse as sources of error in survey estimates. The new paradigm has little to say about the topics, such as sampling error, that were central to the old one; similarly, the old paradigm had little to say about how to reduce or prevent errors, a major concern for the new one. Thus, the two paradigms do not clash so much as complement each other. 17 References. Adapted from the source document.

Introduction / Uwe Engel -- Motivated misreporting : shaping answers to reduce survey burden / Roger Tourangeau, Frauke Kreuter, and Stephanie Eckman -- Audio-recording of open-ended survey questions : a solution to the problems of interviewer transcription? / Patrick Sturgis and Rebekah Luff -- Framing effects / Uwe Engel and Britta Köster -- Estimating and comparing the quality of different scales of an online survey using an MTMM approach / Melanie Revilla and Willem E. Saris -- Collecting MTMM data on satisfaction with life / Laura Burmeister and Uwe Engel -- On the quality of web panels / Jelke Bethlehem -- Online surveys and the burden of mobile responding / Marika de Bruijne and Marije Oudejans -- Well-being, survey attitudes, and readiness to report on everyday life events in an experience sampling study / Laura Burmeister, Uwe Engel, and Björn Oliver Schmidt -- Nonresponse, measurement error, and estimates of change : lessons from the German PPSM panel / Suat Can and Uwe Engel -- Handling of missing data in statistical analyses / Daniel Salfrán and Martin Spiess -- Multiple imputation of overdispersed multilevel count data / Kristian Kleinke and Jost Reinecke

Introduction / Uwe Engel -- Motivated misreporting : shaping answers to reduce survey burden / Roger Tourangeau, Frauke Kreuter, and Stephanie Eckman -- Audio-recording of open-ended survey questions : a solution to the problems of interviewer transcription? / Patrick Sturgis and Rebekah Luff -- Framing effects / Uwe Engel and Britta Köster -- Estimating and comparing the quality of different scales of an online survey using an MTMM approach / Melanie Revilla and Willem E. Saris -- Collecting MTMM data on satisfaction with life / Laura Burmeister and Uwe Engel -- On the quality of web panels / Jelke Bethlehem -- Online surveys and the burden of mobile responding / Marika de Bruijne and Marije Oudejans -- Well-being, survey attitudes, and readiness to report on everyday life events in an experience sampling study / Laura Burmeister, Uwe Engel, and Björn Oliver Schmidt -- Nonresponse, measurement error, and estimates of change : lessons from the German PPSM panel / Suat Can and Uwe Engel -- Handling of missing data in statistical analyses / Daniel Salfrán and Martin Spiess -- Multiple imputation of overdispersed multilevel count data / Kristian Kleinke and Jost Reinecke

The validity of R reports concerning the signing of an initiative petition is explored through data from two sources, both relating to an Idaho ballot initiative of 1978. Questionnaire data were obtained in early 1979 from 196 randomly chosen petition signatories & from 718 randomly chosen state residents. In this case, self-reporting of political behavior seriously underestimates the true extent of the public's political involvement. Further, dependence on self-reported political participation distorts conclusions about both the sources & the consequences of participation. 3 Tables. Modified HA.

Previous research has documented effects of the order in which response choices are offered to Rs, using closed-ended survey items, but no theory of the psychological sources of these effects has yet been proposed. Such a theory, drawn from a variety of psychological research, is offered. Using data from a split-ballot experiment in the 1984 General Social Survey involving a variant of M. L. Kohn's parental values measure (Class and Conformity: A Study in Values, Homewood, Ill: Dorsey, 1969), some predictions are made about what kind of response order effect would be expected (a primacy effect), & among which Rs it should be strongest (those low in cognitive sophistication). These predictions are confirmed. The "form-resistant correlation" hypothesis is also tested. Although correlations between items are altered by changes in response order, the presence & nature of the latent value dimension underlying these responses is essentially unaffected. 5 Tables, 51 References. AA

A collaborative experiment between the General Social Survey, National Opinion Research Center, & the American National Election Study, Center for Political Studies is examined. Identical items were asked by both surveys, thereby permitting a test of reproducibility & house effects. Significant differences were found between the houses, with the largest & most systematic differences involving item nonresponse. Various explanations for the differences are examined, & a general assessment of the importance of the differences is presented. 1 Table, Appendixes. HA.

Methodological advances in PO over the past 20 yrs have been sparked by the development of opinion res centers (Princeton, Columbia, Denver, etc), by the expansion of gov-sponsored res during WWII, by the professional associations, & by the failure of the pollsters in the 1948 election. These advances have been reflected in a series of outstanding, & increasingly sophisticated studies. Res methodology has been adapted to a wider field of subject matter, rapid strides have been made in attitude measurement techniques, & principal sampling problems have been partially solved. S. F. Fava.