Suchergebnisse

Due to Covid-19 restrictions, surveys often could not be conducted in originally planned face-to-face mode, and switched to online modes or used different mixed-mode designs. A combination of CATI and CAPI was used for the Austrian ISSP survey on Environment 2020/2021 (N=1.261), which in the past had always been conducted face-to-face. Mixed-mode surveys facilitate field access in pandemic times and show potential to reduce non-response and coverage errors (desired selection effect). However, the combination of different modes comes along with a series of risks such as mode-effects causing bias due to measurement effects. From an analytical perspective, the challenge arising is to disentangle selection and measurement effects. Thus, we analyse differences in the factorial structure and response distributions of two social constructs using Bayesian multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and linear regression. These represent institutional trust and the willingness to sacrifice for environmental protection. The findings show support for scalar invariance and therefore the absence of CAPI vs. CATI mode-effects on the factorial structure for both constructs. However, despite adjusting for differences in sample composition we observe a higher average willingness within the CATI sample. Based on these results, we discuss implications for the interpretation of mode effects in mixed mode surveys.

Serge Adamets, Price, crop and consumption statistics at the root of the diversity in the measurement of Soviet famines. There was a spectacular recrudescence of famines in the USSR between the Revolution and the Second World War. The loss in human lives caused by these catastrophes is estimated at several million deaths. To understand their origin, it is important fust to study how one can assess their magnitude in terms not only of reductions in crops and consumption but also in loss of human lives. It seems necessary to explain the diversity of the means used to measure Soviet famines. How did the statistical services observe the phenomena related to the famines? Does the choice of the observation methods applied greatly influence the results of the analyses? This study covers essentially the period 1918-1923, but is continued up to the 1930's. Some retrospective references to the tsarist era make it possible to understand the origin and the nature of the Soviet statistical studies. Three sources of observation are examined in this paper: price, crop and consumption statistics. The statistical data provided by the central and regional offices for statistics as well as by other organisms for statistics, are compared and discussed. The history of the measurements used for crops and for assessing the nutritional status of the population is related in chronological detail, so that the various causes for the differing numerical data obtained can be examined: distrust on the part of the population, the survey methods used, the corrective procedures applied to the initial statistics. The choice of the source of observation and of measurement seems particularly important, especially when discussing regional disparities. An analysis of the 1921-1922 famine may then greatly differ according to the reference basis chosen.

Après avoir connu une baisse continue jusqu'aux années 1990, la part de la population touchée par la pauvreté relative en France s'est stabilisée. D'ici 2012, le gouvernement souhaite réduire d'un tiers (par rapport à 2007) la pauvreté, désormais au cœur de la politique sociale du pays. Pendant des années, l'absence de définition claire de la pauvreté et la difficulté à collecter des données ont fait obstacle à un suivi réactif de la pauvreté et retardé la mise en place de mesures efficaces. Un nouvel instrument de suivi reposant sur des enquêtes auprès de la population permet depuis de mesurer l'évolution de la pauvreté. Ce tableau de bord intègre une variété d'éléments permettant d'apprécier les diverses facettes de l'exclusion sociales. On constate une diffraction entre la pauvreté mesurée et la pauvreté ressentie, de plus en plus marquée au sein de la population. Celle-ci est liée au caractère très émotionnel du discours public, ainsi qu'à l'évolution de la pauvreté, devenue plus jeune, féminine, urbaine et touchant désormais les salariés.