Research on public opinion has found that respondents to survey questions lack true attitudes towards different economic and moral issues. Given the latter, these respondents do not use their stance towards these issues to decide for which party or candidate to vote for. One of the main reasons for these dismal findings lies on the existence of measurement error. The paper presents a technique that corrects for measurement error and tests the importance of issues stances in the vote choice of the Mexican electorate during the 2006 Presidential Election. The paper also analyzes the significance of a "perceived issue space" and demonstrates that this concept is important to understand which particular issue stances matter and which ones do not in a voting decision. Adapted from the source document.
"Statistical analysis in surveys is generally facing missing data. In longitudinal studies for some missing values there might be past or future data points available. The question arises how to successfully transform this advantage into improved imputation strategies. In a simulation study the authors compare six combinations of cross-sectional and longitudinal imputation strategies for German wealth panel data. The authors create simulation data sets by blanking out observed data points: they induce item non response by a missing at random (MAR) and two differential non-response (DNR) mechanisms. We test the performance of multiple imputation using chained equations (MICE), an imputation procedure for panel data known as the row-and-column method and a regression prediction with correction for sample selection. The regression and MICE approaches serve as fallback methods, when only cross-sectional data is available. The row-and-column method performs surprisingly well considering the cross-sectional evaluation criteria. For trend estimates and the measurement of inequality, combining MICE with the row-and-column technique regularly improves the results based on a catalogue of six evaluation criteria including three separate inequality indices. As for wealth mobility, two additional criteria show that a model based approach such as MICE might be the preferable choice. Overall the results show that if the variables, which ought to be imputed, are highly skewed, the row-and-column technique should not be dismissed beforehand." (author's abstract)
The intention of this paper is to characterize and define operatively the concepts that surveys attempt to measure and evaluate the existing estimators to calculate the accuracy of polls, as a prelude to the presentation in a later article an alternative estimate of the accuracy and various complementary estimators, thereby cushioning problems detected in the measurement options available.
The objective of this essay is to analyze the polls conducted before the twenty four elections for local executives (Governors or Government's Head) in Mexico in the period of 2016-2018, by comparing their estimates against the results, using tools of political, statistical and demoscopic analysis. This exercise of joint evaluation of polls, never before done, provides many surprises that make it necessary to question old assumptions and risk new explanatory hypotheses about the reasons that favor accuracy in measurements; provisional hypotheses that must be compared with the data that bring new electoral events. In a central way, the results force to assume that the competition format in each election is the determining factor in the accuracy observed by the polls.
During this century, there have been three occasions when elections were held for the election of President of the Republic in Mexico, maintaining a normal consecutive six-year periods. On all these occasions, surveys have played an important role in guiding the electorate format of the contest, but their work has not been without criticism, not only by the number of measurements publicized, but levels of inaccuracy and bias perceived at the results by poli-ticians, academics, commentators, analysts and interested public. Check the extent of these inaccuracies and relevance of existing biases is a pending task, which can be addressed, although the reasons for the errors can still pending, it is extremely difficult to achieve, beyond diagnosis, a thorough knowledge of the intervening elements that may have led to differences between estimated by surveys in a particular to a given throw the results at the polls by a group of voters who face different circumstances at a different time and that all people are never far the universe of voters entitled to vote.
The study is the result of a research project developed at the University of Granada. Research on televised debates has been traditionally focused primarily on measuring the impact of the debates right after them. However, little attention has been paid to the micro-processes that occur during the debates, which may identify other important variables beyond the influence of debates on the vote. Analysing the electoral televised debate between Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero and Mariano Rajoy (March 3, 2008) celebrated few days before the general elections, we could identify the immediate reactions of the audience on a real time basis regarding the performance of the two candidates, determining the discursive strategies that best reach the public. This research combines various research strategies. We applied a system of real-time response (Continuous Response Measurement), content analysis and survey analysis, in order to control a large number of complex dimensions involved in the interaction under study as, for example, the ideological bias or expectations managed on results of the debate. The findings will let us know what were the aspects that determined the immediate perceptions of citizens in the event, what was the role played by the media, or the most effective discursive strategies in order to seduce viewers during the televised debate. Adapted from the source document.
As the digitalization of financial services increases, it is the customers who benefit, and the banks have more capacity to enhance the experience and digital satisfaction of their target customers. The paper focuses on an important issue of the Vietnamese banking system. It is the process of digital transformation through applying leading fintechs to their core banking platform. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to explore the possible relationship between customer satisfaction with digital banking services and the other observed variables due to the theory of SERVQUAL. This study reaffirms and adds to the measurement scale system of customer satisfaction concepts while experiencing digital banking services. This helps researchers in the banking sector of Vietnam and around the world have a scale to conduct their researches on customer satisfaction. The author also uses quantitative analysis for a random sample survey within the banking network of Northern region of Vietnam (290 samples in total). Descriptive analysis, reliability analysis of scale, exploratory factor analysis, or multiple regression analysis all provide better perspectives on the relationship between customer satisfaction and the digital services that banks are offering. The major findings of the study involve the fact that focusing on minimizing response time to customers' inquiries and individualizing services to each one of them are the things that the digital banks in Vietnam need to do beforehand. To conclude, the roles of tangibles and responsiveness in the digital banking services can only be examined much more thoroughly in the upcoming researches while this one cannot.
The evaluation was not until a little more than two decades ago a relevant matter for public activity, concentrated in execution and guided by intuition, public approval or some data to record success in government work. This story has changed due to an increasingly demanding national and international context requiering transparency of public actions, efficiency in activities that each government in turn prioritizes, and of course, the effectiveness of what is proposed. The practice of evaluation in the Costa Rican state system is governed by an exhaustive normative and procedural framework. However, this platform has not necessarily ruled the execution of communication in the institutions. According to a study performed out in Costa Rican institutions between 2019-2020, first with a mapping of the communication units carried out with a survey (43) examining their operation, projects they execute and some evaluation practices they carry out; lack of rigorous evaluation practices were identified. Furthermore, these units there has no obligation to carry out operational planning of their annual activities, to apply systematic evaluations, nor are they obliged to prepare reports on the work carried out. Subsequently, an inquiry was conducted through interviews (22) with planning heads of the institutions and governing bodies to learn about the evaluation regulations, the formats and platforms used, inter-institutional link for evaluation and the scope of the mandatory nature of this function. The results suggest that the praxis of the units is dominated by the macro-institutional planning exercise that uses matrices and quantitative formats that record compliance but do not evaluate effects, changes, or impact of their activities, which reduces visibility of the public value provided by state sector, and to which is also added the work accomplish by the communication units. The true evaluation in the State is limited to a few government projects registered within the National Development Plan and not to a daily action in the entire state system. Some of the planning offices even indicate that neither planning, and even less evaluation, constitute a resource that is considered as strategic, conversely, they are seen more as an operational, compliance and organization resource, and for the different areas the filling of matrices and formats to record the execution of their tasks is an additional burden. In fact, one of the difficulties raised by these offices is the planning of their annual programs with objectives that can be evaluated, a position that is also recognized by the Contraloria General de la Republica (Comptroller General of the Republic), which indicates the absence, in a relevant percentage, of objectives in public institution programs. For the communication units, this set of practices produces inertia in the communicative action, little or no influence of the communication units in the institutional decision-making process, and an operational focus on execution, which reduces their strategic role. It is also clear that there is a predominance in the use of techniques and tools for reporting results in communication that does not correspond to evaluation, measurement is used with greater emphasis, and even in some cases the use of reportings which not apply to neither of the two processes.
