Suchergebnisse

This study explores the differences between Snapchat, Instagram, and Twitter in terms of intensity of use and use motivations. Grounded in the theory of Uses and Gratifications, the current research compares the three platforms with exploratory factor analysis. A cross-sectional survey methodology of college students in Kuwait (N=692) asked respondents to identify the time they spend using social media, satisfaction with social media content, the intensity of using Instagram, Snapchat and Twitter as well as seven use motivations. The analysis of the data indicated that Instagram is the most popular platform among social media users, while Snapchat intensity of use is the highest. Based on the factor analysis results, motivations to use Snapchat are passing the time, self-expression, self-presentation, and entertainment. While the motivations to use Twitter are self-presentation, entertainment, and social interaction. Finally, passing time, social interaction, self-presentation, and entertainment are the motivations to use Instagram.

This study investigates the impact of microfinance programmes on women's empowerment in the northern territory of Ghana, which is known as the poorest part of the country. A survey methodology is used to collect data from a sample of 247 female entrepreneurs and their husbands (189 women and 58 men) in rural areas. The majority of the sample are aged 40 or below, and many are illiterate. The research findings indicate that although microfinance appears to have some positive effects on women's income, it is insufficient to ease the hardships in the lives of women in northern Ghana. Most female respondents indicated that women are largely forbidden by men to own productive assets such as land and livestock. The traditional domineering behaviour of men remains a significant obstacle. Despite the increase in access to credit, microfinance itself may not be sufficient to eliminate barriers to women's empowerment and to the reduction of poverty.

AbstractDrawing on past research on judgment and decision making, as well as preference reversal, we investigated the impact of question framing on support for military versus diplomatic conflict resolution strategies. In three studies with two heterogeneous samples from the United States and one representative sample from Israel, preferences for military action were substantially stronger when asked in isolation (i.e., "yes/no" [support/reject]) rather than in conjunction with the alternative of diplomacy (i.e., "either‐or" [military or diplomacy]), sometimes even causing a complete reversal from majority support for military action to majority support for diplomacy. These findings point to problems in public opinion polls and scientific research on military support (usually presenting no alternatives), and address issues important for psychology, political science, sociology, and survey methodology. In a real world context, our findings have important implications for governmental decisions on conflict resolution strategies and the implementation of policies based on public opinion.

Unlike many developed countries, internet banking is a new phenomenon for Pakistani consumers as majority of banking customers seems to be fairly unfamiliar with different aspects of this service. This can be due to the diverse educational backgrounds, level of internet access, personal experiences and different socio-cultural backgrounds of customers. The present study looked at various factors influencing adoption of internet banking in Pakistan. The study used survey methodology with a sample of 250 individuals. Results of the research revealed reluctance to change has no significant impact on adoption of internet banking. On other hand access to internet, ease of use and security and privacy are found to be critical factors influencing adoption of internet banking. The results of the present study may facilitate policy makers and bank management to advance electronic banking services in Pakistan in a befitting manner. Lastly, managerial implications, study limitations and future research directions are provided.

The article gives an overview about scientific research on individual behavior in organizations. A number of reasons are discussed why it is difficult to obtain a coherent body of knowledge about this topic, some of them meta-theoretical and methodological, others political, organizational and ideological, e.g. the existence of different schools of psychology, one-sided and interest-laden views, the dominance of survey methodology, measurement problems, the submission of researchers to dominant styles of publishing. The article further reports on main insights about the effects of stable and variable personal traits, and of situational conditions on employee behavior and about practical consequences. The conclusion is that there is a lot of well-founded knowledge, especially about the aptitudes of employees, but on the other hand one finds remarkable ignorance on behaviour which has no direct relation to performance and on the impacts of specific work and organizational conditions.

Corporate governance is developing rapidly in many countries across the world. In this paper we analyse the existing state of corporate governance in a country in the Middle East: Bahrain. We employ a survey methodology, with a questionnaire being sent to all of the companies listed on the Bahrain Stock Exchange Market. An analysis of the responses reveals that Bahraini companies have in place some of the features of corporate governance best practice with boards dominated by non–executive directors, for example, and the separation of the roles of Chair and CEO. However, it is not clear how effective the nomination/appointments process is and directors tend to be fairly entrenched. In terms of risk management and control, the majority of Bahraini companies have an internal audit department and risk management control. Overall, it seems that Bahraini companies have a number of key corporate governance structural features in place, but that there remains further progress to be made.

Examines factors affecting the implementation of business process re‐engineering (BPR) projects using Internet technology. Although there has been some empirical investigation of BPR, no research to date has specifically examined BPR when Internet technology is used during implementation. Radical changes may occur as a result of an organization's BPR implementation causing a BPR project to be unsuccessful. BPR failure rates have been reported as high as 70 percent, making implementation issues especially important. Each information technology (IT) used during BPR implementation may affect managerial factors differently. By determining factors that affect BPR implementation using a specific IT, these factors can be managed to increase the chance of a successful BPR implementation. Uses a survey methodology and correlation analysis to gather information about the relationship between organizational enablers and successful BPR implementations using Internet technology. The factors examined in this research were: egalitarian culture; resource management; resistance management; and change management.

This study establishes the construct of "compassion fatigue," encompassing desensitization and emotional burnout, as a phenomenon associated with pervasive communication about social problems. The study marks the first-known empirical investigation of compassion fatigue as it relates to media coverage and interpersonal communication about social problems. A telephone survey methodology was used to measure compassion fatigue among a general, adult population toward four social problems: AIDS, homelessness, violent crime, and child abuse. Results indicate the existence of a compassion fatigue phenomenon, in varying degrees of magnitude, for every issue. Compassion fatigue was found to be a situational variable, rather than a personality trait. Cognitive, affective, and behavioral manifestations of compassion fatigue are identified, and significant predictors of compassion fatigue are discussed. The findings support the existence of a mass-mediated compassion fatigue phenomenon and suggest that the nature of contemporary media coverage may contribute to emotional fatigue with society's problems.

Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Chapter 1: Crime Victimisation Surveys in Indian Criminal Justice System Reform -- 1 The Criminal Justice System in the Larger Context of State Building -- 2 Building the Criminal Justice System -- 3 The Role of Measurement -- Inputs -- Outputs -- Outcomes -- 4 Crime Victimisation Surveys in India -- 5 The Way Forward -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Crime Victimization and Safety Perception Survey: Delhi and Mumbai -- 1 Introduction -- 2 CHRI 2015 Survey: Sampling and Survey Methodology -- Survey Structure -- Sampling -- Survey Administration -- Weights -- 3 Key Findings -- Crime Incidence and Characteristics -- Each Crime Was Experienced at Least Once in Both Delhi and Mumbai -- Theft Was the Most Frequently Experienced Crime in Both Cities -- Experience of Assault Slightly More in Mumbai than Delhi -- Sexual Harassment Instances Were Higher in Delhi than in Mumbai -- Offender Not Known to the Victim in Most of the Crimes Covered -- Demographic Profile of Affected Households -- High-Income Households Less Affected by Crime Compared to Low-Income Households -- Experience of Crime Comparable across Religion, Caste, Mother Tongue, and Period of Stay in City -- Crime Reporting and Police Response -- Low and Inconsistent Rate of Reporting Crimes to the Police -- Victims of Crime Are Reluctant to Engage with the Criminal Justice System -- Less than Half of the Cases Reported to the Police Were Registered -- Only Half of Those Who Reported Crime to the Police Were Satisfied with the Police Response -- Perceptions of Safety -- Residents of Mumbai Perceive the Police More Positively than Delhi Residents -- Respondents Most Feared Falling Victim to Theft, Assault, or Sexual Harassment.

PurposeDespite its prevalence in organizations, passive leadership has received scant research attention compared to more active forms of leadership. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the significant impact that passive leadership can have on two core constructs in the organizational sciences – trust and perceptions of fairness.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through self-report questionnaires (n=192), using a three-wave survey methodology in order to provide temporal separation between the predictor, mediator, and outcome variables.FindingsPassive leadership was negatively associated with cognition-based trust. Further, passive leadership exerted a negative indirect effect on employee perceptions of justice, through cognition-based trust.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this research was explicitly interested in employee perceptions, the use of self-report measures may be considered a study limitation.Practical implicationsThis study underscores that passive leadership may represent a serious impediment to effective supervisor-employee relations. Employees do not trust supervisors who display a passive leadership style and a lack of trust can lead employees to perceive the supervisor as unfair.Originality/valueThis study contributes new insights into the psychological effects of passive leadership behavior by demonstrating the potential role of passive leadership in shaping employee perceptions of trust and fairness.

Background and Aims: While a number of negative health outcomes have been associated with bullying in childhood, we are not aware of any studies examining relationships between bullying in childhood, and pain symptoms and pain perception in adulthood – the focus of the present study. Methods: Using a cross-sectional consecutive sample and a self-report survey methodology, we examined among 243 primary-care outpatients a history of being bullied in childhood (yes/no) in relationship to three pain ratings (now, past month, past year) and catastrophic thoughts and feelings about pain as assessed by the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Results: Being bullied in childhood was statistically significantly associated with present pain ratings ( p < .001) as well as pain ratings over the past month and the past year ( p < .01), and with the total score on the PCS as well as each of its sub-scales (i.e. rumination, magnification, helplessness) ( p < .001). Conclusions: Being bullied in childhood is associated with higher reported levels of pain at various time points as well as greater levels of self-reported catastrophic thoughts and feelings about pain. Importantly, the methodology of this study does not allow for the examination of a causal relationship.

This article provides a brief overview of key trends in the survey research to address the nonresponse challenge. Noteworthy are efforts to develop new quality measures and to combine several data sources to enhance either the data collection process or the quality of resulting survey estimates. Mixtures of survey data collection modes and less burdensome survey designs are additional steps taken by survey researchers to address nonresponse. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright The American Academy of Political and Social Science.]

Aim. The aim of this article is to explore the attitudes of young women towards menstrual cycle tracking applications.
Methods. The study involved 85 women aged 18 to 30 years to investigate their experiences and opinions regarding the use of menstrual tracking apps. In this work, the method of diagnostic survey was used.
Results and conclusion. The vast majority of respondents use apps to track their menstrual cycle. The most frequently mentioned applications are: Flo and Clue. Respondents who do not use these applications cite as the main reason that they did not know about the existence of such applications or do not like the format. The study shows that most respondents learn about these types of applications from the Internet. The vast majority of surveyed women report that the application correctly monitors the menstrual cycle and use it mainly for this purpose.
Cognitive value. The cognitive value of this article is that women aged 18-30 often use menstrual cycle tracking apps and find them useful but also most of the respondents confirm the credibility of the application in monitoring the menstrual cycle.

Back translation - the 're-translation' of a translated questionnaire back into the original language and the subsequent comparison of the original version and the back translation - is a controversial assessment method for questionnaire translations. Recently, cross-cultural survey methodologists have followed the call for more empirical research on this method. This article adds to the small body of research by drawing on the back translation documentation from the 2012 European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS). First, results from the official EQLS back translation step are contrasted with results when additional persons perform the same comparison step between back translation and original. We note inconsistency in the detection of presumed flaws. Second, the back translation outcome is contrasted with additional native speaker checks of the actual translation. While back translation can uncover problems, it causes quite a number of false alarms, and even more importantly, many problems remain hidden.