Suchergebnisse

This paper will assess the results of transition in the Yugoslav successor states using objective and subjective criteria. Four objective criteria related to economic growth will be used to compare economic performance in Yugoslavia and its successor states; 1. Speed of recovery after war/change in system, 2. Absolute growth rates, 3. Relative growth rates, 4. Place in world development. This will be supplemented by a survey of public opinion conducted by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.All the four objective criteria show that the Yugoslav economy performed much better than the economies of its successor states. The survey shows that only 20 percent of population are happy with the results of transition in South Eastern European countries, while 64 percent are unhappy and 16 percent are undecided. In the former Yugoslavia much less than 20 percent of population are happy with the changes brought by the transition.

The archival material about the Croatian Parliament during the World War Two is kept in the Croatian State Archives in Zagreb and it is an important source for studying the period of the Independent State of Croatia. The author presents a short survey of the archival material, pointing out its value in studying political, social and economic situation in the Independent State of Croatia. (SOI : CSP: S. 590)

Public participation in environmental decision-making is nowadays accepted as an integral part of thesustainable development process and an important mean for improving quality, legitimacy and capacity ofenvironmental assessment and decisions. When communities participate in the management of their resources inform of consultation or active involvement, there is a greater likelihood of success as people are more willing toobey their own regulations than those imposed upon them from outside. This paper presents results of a survey inSerbia-BiH cross border region that explored the attitudes of local people towards natural resources andenvironment quality, environmental priorities and efficiency of local government in solving environmentalproblems. Results were used as inputs for drafting "Action plan for sustainable use of cross border naturalresource" contributing in this way to better acceptance and easier implementation of the plan at the communitylevel.

In this text the author elaborates on two central assumptions. The first assumption (based on the comparative survey results from ten postcommunist countries) is that there is a marked positive correlation between the residue of "communist legacy" in people's minds and the electoral success of leftist parties. Since that legacy in Croatia (and Czech Republic) has been weakest, this is going to be an aggravating circumstance for SDP in their struggle for power. The second assumption is that the politics of leftist parties which could come to power is to shuttle between two extremes: the restoration of real socialism in a modified form and the social-democratic model of Sweden or at least Germany. According to the author, the key agents of such politics are "neotraditionalism" and "political capitalism" both inherited from the former system. (SOI : PM: S. 46)

The paper deals with the issue of regulation of the right of natural and legal persons to environmental information, in relevant international legal documents. There is a survey of certain international conventions which envisage this right in their field of regulation. The right to access the information is in details regulated in the Aarhus Convention, which comprises significant part of this paper. This kind of regulation of the right to environmental information has performed a significant influence on states and international organizations, which created their domestic and international rules, using the solutions from this Convention. The European Union has enacted a significant number of directives on the right of a public to receive environmental information. The special emphasis will be on the work of the Aarhus Convention's Compliance Committee which has a significant role in supervising and deciding about the compliance with the application of the Convention in its member states.

Serbia's Law on Planning and Building has imposed the topics of energy efficiency in building sector, requiring adequate policy making and providing a starting point for improvement of the current situation in this field. Considering the fact that there are more than 3.200.000 housing units without any statistical classification a need arose for establishing a national building typology as a starting point for further decision making and appropriate activities definition regarding the existing housing stock.After joining EU TABULA (Typology Approach for Building Stock Energy Assessment) project, methodologies and approaches of the European countries have been analysed providing a common experience, at the same illustrating a need for identification and classification of local characteristics. In order to obtain adequate data a comprehensive survey has been conducted, providing a starting point for creation of typology. The National Typology has identified typical "model" buildings and defined the levels of improvement ranging from standard (according to the current law) to the low-energy level. The paper explains the methodology, procedures and local characteristics of the process and gives an insight in the activity describing the problems and potentials of the approach. ; Serbia's Law on Planning and Building has imposed the topics of energy efficiency in building sector, requiring adequate policy making and providing a starting point for improvement of the current situation in this field. Considering the fact that there are more than 3.200.000 housing units without any statistical classification a need arose for establishing a national building typology as a starting point for further decision making and appropriate activities definition regarding the existing housing stock.After joining EU TABULA (Typology Approach for Building Stock Energy Assessment) project, methodologies and approaches of the European countries have been analysed providing a common experience, at the same illustrating a need for identification and classification of local characteristics. In order to obtain adequate data a comprehensive survey has been conducted, providing a starting point for creation of typology. The National Typology has identified typical "model" buildings and defined the levels of improvement ranging from standard (according to the current law) to the low-energy level. The paper explains the methodology, procedures and local characteristics of the process and gives an insight in the activity describing the problems and potentials of the approach.

The paper analyses the influence of familial "political biographies" during World War II on party preferences. The survey has shown that about 50% of its subjects have a single-track political biography (they belonged to either the partisan movement (NOB) or the army of the Independent Croatian State (NDH)). The individuals whose political biography is NOB-inclined have a markedly more negative attitude towards the Croatian state of the II World War and Ante Pavelic, positively assess Josip Broz Tito, are less religious and prefer leftist parties. The individuals who have the NDH biography have a positive opinion of the Croatian state during II World War and Ante Pavelic, negatively assess Josip Broz, are much more religious and vote for the parties of the right. The individuals whose families did not get involved into the conflict or have a "mixed" political biography, are moderately religious and largely vote for centrist parties. Besides the political biography factor, the degree of religiosity has proved an extremely important factor in the choice of political parties. (SOI : PM: S. 128)

The author describes the basic features of the work in the Journalistic Workshop as a specific format of promoting journalistic knowledge and skills. After the two-year collaboration of three generations of young journalists with a group of Croatian and foreign media experts, a survey was conducted about the usefulness of this Workshop. The results are included in this article. The central conclusion is that a big majority of the participating journalists highly appreciated the knowledge gained through it. Particularly encouraging is the fact that most respondents have been able to use this knowledge regardless of the type of media they are working for (whether those state-controlled or opposition-controlled). The participants think that the responsibility for the impossibility of using the professional standards in journalism lies with "editors afraid of any changes" or "owners weary of any changes". The respondents included young journalists with little work experience, mostly undergraduates. These facts are significant for their attitudes about the professional training within the Workshop or some other form of training. All of them want to learn and enhance their professional expertise. Also, the Workshop served as an incentive for the participants: after the three-month journalistic training, eight of them enrolled at the Faculty of Political Science, Department of Journalism. (SOI : PM: S. 227)

The poll on political tolerance was conducted on a 772 -subject sample. Because of the long-lasting totalitarian system and the short period of democracy, a rather low level of political tolerance was expected. However, the results of the poll have not confirmed these expectations but showed a high Ievel of political tolerance instead. Similar findings have been obtained by an American survey conducted in several European countries, including Croatia. This means that the political tolerance in Croatia has not been shaped by the totalitarian system but by the pluralist traits of the Croatian culture, ensuing from numerous contacts with a plethora of different cultures. In order for the pluralist democracy in Croatia to function democratically, appropriate legal prerequisites and institutions do not suffice; the people who is in line with the principles of pluralist democracy are central to this as well. Pluralist democracy legalizes various political options and enables the citizens to organize themselves and act in accordance with the embraced option. All this, however, is a dead letter if people are not willing to accept the existence and the activism of different political options. That is why the concept of political tolerance always goes hand in hand with the concept of pluralist democracy. The Latin word "tolerantia" means 'indulgence', 'patience'. That is why political tolerance is usually understood as a readiness to bear or put up with political options and their operationalizations which are obnoxious and even repugnant to us ... . The essence of political life is not tolerance and patience but non-restriction of political freedoms and political pluralism. Those who accept political pluralism find it easier to bear the existence of various political options, even those they do not approve of. There are more a less intensive feelings of intolerance and bigotry. So, tolerance means accepting and not only forbearing different political options. (SOI : PM: S. 148)

Each day we make decisions, draw conclusions or resolve problems. The environment in which we make decisions is complex and dynamic and yet it influences the whole process as much as one's knowledge, experience, etc. In these situations, the decision making analysis stands out which provides a logic base for defining possible alternatives and the choice of an optimal option from the possible solutions. The decision making analysis helps the decision maker to choose the optimal option in line with his knowledge, reasoning, beliefs and preferences. When there are several criteria the decision making is ambiguous and one needs to find the optimal or the most efficient solution. The multi-criteria decision making can be multi-purposeful. In case the alternatives are explicitly defined and quantified we are dealing with the multi-attribute decision making. The criteria values for the analyzed alternatives can be qualitative and quantitative; therefore, the qualitative ones have to be quantified. Deciding on the location is one of the key elements of logistics and of the importance of the decision making process used by the companies in order to determine where to locate the facility is a decision of crucial importance to all logistic elements and the entire business development of the company. Further on, the contemporary economic, competitive and technological conditions and the business environment comprise a dynamic category, so the currently optimal location may not be optimal in the future. Companies use qualitative and quantitative criteria while deciding on the location of the factory. When deciding on the location of the factory one conducts a detailed analysis due to the dynamic business environment. Constant changes in the environment influence business adjustments. On the contrary, the logistic facilities and their locations are static and are not subject to alteration in a short period of time and in such a way respond to the business environment changes. While making such a decision one needs to use new methodologies and contemporary tools as a decision making support in order to adequately respond to the business environment changes and secure the high quality decision making by taking into account quantitative and qualitative criteria which are important for making a decision on a choice of a location. From the very beginning, local self-governments, worldwide as well as in Serbia, had different roles in the economic development. Local self-governments usually dealt with administrative procedures with no active part in the economic development. By establishing legal grounds local self-governments started improving the business environment and providing support to the business community, but also actively attracting foreign direct investments which have proven to be the key activity of the local economic development. Identification and understanding of the industrial location decision making process within the companies has been identified as a crutial activity which the local self-governments can use in improving the business environment and recruitment of direct investments. On the basis on the prioritization of the quantitative and qualitative decision making criteria in the process of selection a location, local self-governments can improve their business environment if resources are being used optimally and in such a way they support the local economic development by assisting the business community and attracting direct investments. In this paper we established a model which, using the method for decision making in the case of optimization of the industrial location decision making, enables efficient use of the resources of local economic development. The model will enable the identification of criteria / determinant of locations that should be invested in order to promote local economic development, on the basis of a comparison of local governments and types of potential investors. Use of standard methods of multiattribute analysis gives the possibility of a subjective approach to the researcher who must determine in advance the criteria weights, while the application of the model presented in this paper avoids the subjectivity and objectifies the process of preference, a combination of criteria DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis,) and multiattribute analysis methods (AHP, ELECTRE, PROMETHEE, TOPSIS). Within the dissertation, survey conducted, analysed local governments (alternatives) in terms of fulfilling the criteria (location determinants), within which each local government alone determines the criteria weight based on survey of types of potential investors. A comparative analysis of the results of these studies, where other various methods for decision making can be also used, identified the best method, among selected that are the best known and most used, and the result of the dissertation will determine the importance of the location determinants, which will enable to policymakers in field of local economic development, investment promotion and improving business environment at all levels, through the use of the proposed model of efficient planning, the opportunity to efficiently and cost-effectively use the resources at their disposal.

Predmet rada su činioci i struktura političke kulture mladih u Srbiji. Politička kultura shvaćena je kao sveukupnost političkih i politički relevantnih orijentacija među pripadnicima jedne političke zajednice koja obuhvata nekoliko tipova orijentacije: kognitivne, afektivne, motivacione, vrednosne i ponašajne. ; The paper explores the factors and structure of youth political culture in Serbia. Political culture is defined as a comprehensive sum of political and politically relevant orientations of the members of a political community and comprises several types of orientations: cognitive, affective, motivational, evaluative and behavioural. Accordingly, five components of youth political culture were distinguished and operationalised by a large number of indicators. The empirical basis for the thesis is a survey conducted in 25 randomly selected secondary schools from the city of Belgrade. The total of 788 students from four different types of secondary school participated in the research: grammar schools (N=202), technical (N=207), economic (N=211) and medical (N=168). The sample was restricted to students of the final year (average age M=18.10, SD=.40). Three-quarters of students (75%) in the sample attend urban secondary schools and one quarter suburban (25%). There were more female participants (58%) than male (42%). Research results indicate that the level of youth political knowledge is low. The majority are not informed about topical social and political issues nor acquainted with certain basic rules regarding the functioning of the Serbian political system, such as the election threshold, government composition or the number of MPs. The prevailing feelings towards numerous analysed political objects are negative. Young people are highly dissatisfied with the current socioeconomic situation. The President, the Government, the Parliament, police, judiciary, the European Union or NATO, are not much trusted. Political cynicism is dominant, while for the majority politics is not the field of interest nor is considered important in life. Most students believe that they cannot influence political affairs (however, surprisingly, they are ready to vote in the following elections) while their opinions on social activism are divided. The attitude towards pro-system values is often ambiguous and vague. The attitude towards democracy is predominantly positive. However, the majority of students do not perceive favourably the newly established mechanisms and institutions of market economy and are hence more inclined towards the socialist than (pro-)market orientation. It can be said that they do not support the freedom of speech, multi-party system and rule of law.

radu se analiziraju vrednosne orijentacije studenata. U istraživanju u kome su učestvovali studenti (N=635) Univerziteta u Rijeci primenjena je anketa. Glavna teza teorije modernizacije jeste da se promene u socioekonomskoj sferi društva reflektiraju na njegov sistem vrednosti. Zato u savremenim društvima slabe tradicionalne a jačaju moderne i postmoderne vrednosti. Specifičnost bivših socijalističkih društava odnosi se na to da je u njima, nakon protivrečnog procesa polumodernizacije, došlo do intenzivnog procesa retradicionalizacije. Tranzicija mlade generacije u odraslo doba događa se u konkretnom društvenom kontekstu za koji je karakterističan "sukob" suprotstavljenih vrednosti. Stoga je važno ispitati koje društvene vrednosti mladi prihvataju. Najpre se to odnosi na studentsku populaciju, s obzirom na to da je to resurs iz kog će se u budućnosti regrutovati društvena elita. U radu se problematizuju sledeća pitanja: U kojoj meri suprotstavljeni procesi modernizacije i retradicionalizacije društva ostavljaju traga na vrednosne orijentacije studenata? U kojoj meri se stavovi studenata razlikuju s obzirom na socijalne karakteristike njihovih porodica? Statistička obrada je obuhvatila univarijatnu, bivarijatnu i multivarijatnu analizu. Rezultati pokazuju da većina studenata prihvata postmoderne vrednosti (multikulturnost), a vrlo malo njih prihvata tradicionalne vrednosti (klerikalizam i etnocentrizam). Utvrđena je veza između tradicionalnih vrednosnih orijentacija i konzervativnih porodičnih obrazaca. S tim u vezi je zaključak da su rezultati u saglasnosti sa hipotezom o liberalizujućem efektu obrazovanja. ; This paper analyses the students' value orientations based on the survey conducted at the University of Rijeka (N=635). The main thesis of the theory of modernization is that changes in the socioeconomic sphere of society generate changes in its predominant value system. Therefore, in the modern societies, the weakening of the traditional and the strengthening of modern and postmodern values can be observed. This was particularly noticeable in the ex-socialist societies whose social and political transitions were generally followed by the process of intensive retraditionalization. The transition of younger generation to adulthood is taking place in the specific context of the postsocialist and post-war transformation of a society, which is characterized by the "clash" of opposing social values. Therefore, it is important to explore which social values are embraced by the young people. This is particularly important in the context of student population, because many of them will become representatives of the future social elites. The paper seeks to address the following questions: To what extent the opposing processes of modernization and re-radicalization of post-socialist societies effects students' expectance of different value orientations? To what extent different family backgrounds effect students' adoption of traditional, modern or postmodern values? Data analysis was carried out through univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical procedures. The results of our research show that students chiefly support the postmodern values (multiculturalism) and chiefly do not support the traditional values (clericalism and ethnocentrism). Furthermore, the analysis has established a link between students' orientation to traditional values and existence of conservative patterns in their family background. The findings of our research support the main hypothesis of the theory of liberalizing effect of education. ; Zbornik rezimea / 24. Međunarodna naučna konferencija "Pedagoška istraživanja i školska praksa

Cilj rada je da se skrene pažnja kreatorima obrazovne politike i društvu u celini na pojavu i razvoj fenomena profesionalnog sagorevanja nastavnika u društvenom kontekstu savremene Srbije – u periodu karantina. Teorijski okvir čini tzv. JDR model, prema kom su izgaranje i posvećenost(motivisanost) suprotni polovi. Sagorevanje uzrokuje smanjivanje i gubitak motivacije. Posao nastavnika je stresan, a procenat sagorevanja je veći u odnosu na druge profesije. Nastavnici u Srbiji žive i rade u posebnoj društvenoj atmosferi u kojoj zajedno sa drugim radnim stanovništvom dele težak opšti položaj. U takvom stanju nastavnici u Srbiji su se susreli sa još jednom poteškoćom – ubrzanom realizacijom nastave na daljinu, tokom vanrednog stanja, za vreme karantina. Ovim istraživanjem pokušali smo da odgovorimo na sledeća pitanja: 1) Da li je u vreme karantina došlo do disbalansa između resursa i zahteva? 2) Da li se mogu uočiti veze između tog disbalansa i sagorevanja? 3) Kako nastavnici rangiraju značaj uzroka i posledica sagorevanja za vreme karantina? Ovo kvalitativno istraživanje je sprovedeno sa dve fokus grupe; po 10 nastavnika gimnazije, odnosno osnovne škole. Izbor je obavljen na dobrovoljnoj bazi uz preduslov da su nastavnici najpre učestvovali u evaluativnom anketiranju "Trenutno stanje u onlajn nastavi u Srbiji i regionu" Obrazovno kreativnog centra Bor, marta/aprila 2020. godine. Analiza sadržaja je ukazala na porast zahteva u odnosu na resurse, na postojanje veze između te neravnoteže i sagorevanja, kao i na postojanje jedinstvene hijerarhije uzroka i posledica, među kojima su gubitak motivisanosti i pad nivoa radnog angažmana. Zato je jako važno da nakon takvog iskustva, a uoči definisanja obrazovne strategije 2030, kretori i nosioci obrazovne politike imaju na umu ove rezultate, kako bi preduzimali mere obrazovne politike na način kojim se umanjuje mogućnost profesionalnog sagorevanja, jer ono utiče na motivaciju nastavnika a posredno i na motivaciju učenika. ; The aim of this paper is to draw the attention of the creators of educational policy, and society in general, to emergence and development of the phenomenon of professional burnout of teachers in the social context of modern Serbia, during the quarantine period. The theoretical framework is the so-called JD-R (Job Demands-Resources) model, according to which burnout and work engagement (motivation) are at the opposite poles. Burnout causes a decrease and loss of motivation. Teaching is stressful, and the percentage of burnout is higher compared to other professions. Teachers in Serbia live and work in a special social atmosphere in which they share a difficult general position with the rest of the working population. In such a situation, teachers in Serbia encountered another difficulty - the accelerated implementation of distance learning in a state of emergency during quarantine. With this research, we tried to answer the following questions: 1) Was there an imbalance between job demands and resources during quarantine? 2) Is the relation between such imbalance and burnout noticeable? 3) How do teachers rank the significance of causes and consequences of burnout during quarantine? This qualitative research was conducted with two focus groups consisting of 10 highschool teachers in one and 10 primary-school teachers in the other group. The selection was made on a voluntary basis. However, it was recommended that the teachers had first participated in the evaluation survey "Current situation in online teaching in Serbia and the region", conducted by Educational and Creative Centre Bor, in March / April 2020. Content analysis indicated an increase of imbalance between job demands and resources, a link between such imbalance and burnout, and a unique hierarchy of causes and effects, including loss of motivation and declining levels of work engagement. For this reason, it is very important that after such experience, and before defining the 2030 educational strategy, creators of educational policy keep in mind these results so as to take educational policy measures in a manner which shall reduce the possibility of burnout because it affects teacher motivation and, indirectly, student motivation, as well. ; Knjiga rezimea, 25. Međunarodna naučna konferencija "Pedagoška istraživanja i školska praksa" ; Book of abstracts / 25th International Scientific Conference "Educational Research and School Practice"

During the survey conducted in 2012, 2013 and 2014, 67 specimens of common nase, chub and wels catfish were collected on the Medjuvršje reservoir. In the muscle tissue of the individual, the level of accumulation of hazardous elements (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Zn) is determined and compared with the MAC values established by the national regulations and legislation, as well as FAO and EU. Muscle samples were tested for the presence and concentration of selected elements using optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Collection of ichthyological material on the reservoir was carried out using a set of fishing nets with a diameter of 10-80 mm. Reservoir Međuvršje is located in the outlet of the Ovčarsko-Kablar gorge. The Zapadna Morava river upstream of the accumulation is characterized by an intensive emission of industrial, communal and wastewater from rural households, since no settlements or factories do not have systems for water purification. The fish species used in this research are the most frequently fished and most attractive fishing types of Međuvršje reservoir used in human nutrition. The aim of the paper is to examine the safety of meat use of three fish species in human nutrition from the point of view of the hazardous elements presence and comparison with the prescribed limit values (MAC). The measured values of the elements were several times below the prescribed MAC values. Arsenic values were in the range 0.057-0.153 μg/g and the highest values were recorded in common nase. Cadmium was only registered in 2013 in the chub muscle tissue (0.002 μg/g). Copper values ranged 0.006-0.132 μg/g and the highest values were in chub; Fe was in the range 0.503-8.79 μg/g and the highest values were in the wels catfish; Hg was in the range 0.043-0.077 μg/g and the highest values were in chub; Pb was in the range 0.03-0.134 μg/g and the highest values were in the wels catfish, and Zn was in the range 1.387-20.049 μg/g and the highest values were in chub. The results show a safe use of the analysed fish species for human consumption. ; Tokom istraživanja sprovedenih 2012, 2013 i 2014. godine na akumulaciji Međuvršje prikupljeno je 67 jedinki skobalja, klena i soma. U mišićnom tkivu jedinki utvrđen je nivo akumulacije hazardnih elemenata (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Zn) i upoređen sa MDK vrednostima propisanim regulativama i propisima naše zemlje, kao i FAO i EU. Uzorci mišića su testirani na prisustvo i koncentraciju odabranih elemenata primenom optičke emisione spektroskometrije (ICP-OES). Prikupljanje ihtiološkog materijala na akumulaciji vršeno je pomoću seta stajaćih ribarskih mreža promera okaca 10–80 mm. Akumulacija Međuvršje se nalazi u izlaznom delu Ovčarsko-kablarske klisure. Tok Zapadne Morava uzvodno od akumulacije karakteriše intenzivna emisija industrijskih, komunalnih i otpadnih voda iz seoskih domaćinstava s obzirom da nijedno naselje niti fabrika ne poseduju sisteme za prečišćavanje vode. Riblje vrste korišćene u ovom istraživanju predstavljaju najčešće lovljene i najatraktivnije ribolovne vrste akumulacije Međuvršje koje se koriste u ljudskoj ishrani. Cilj rada je sagledavanje bezbednosti upotrebe mesa tri vrste riba u ljudskoj ishrani sa stanovišta prisustva hazardnih elemenata i poređenje sa propisanim graničnim vrednostima (MDK). Izmerene vrednosti elemenata su bile višestruko ispod propisanih MDK vrednosti. Vrednosti arsena bile su u opsegu 0,057-0,153 μg/g, a najviše vrednosti zabeležene su kod skobalja. Kadmijum je registrovan samo 2013. godine u mišićnom tkivu klena (0,002 μg/g). Vrednosti bakra kretale su se u opsegu 0,006-0,132 μg/g, a najviše vrednosti bile su kod klena; Fe je bio u opsegu 0,503-8,79 μg/g, a najviše vrednosti su bile kod soma; Hg je bio u opsegu 0,043-0,077 μg/g, a najviše vrednosti bile su kod klena; Pb je bio u opsegu 0,03-0,134 μg/g, a najviše vrednosti bile su kod soma, a Zn je bio u opsegu 1,387-20,049 μg/g, a najviše vrednosti bile su kod klena. Izneti rezultati ukazuju na bezbednu upotrebu analiziranih vrsta riba za ljudsku ishranu. ; Soković M, Tešić Ž, editors. Unifood conference: Programme & Book of Abstracts; 2018 Oct 5-6; Belgrade, Serbia. Belgrade: University of Belgrade; 2018. p. 176.